Gender and Growth Assessment - Nigeria: Microeconomic Study

2009

There are several people who have contributed to this Gender and Growth Assessment of Nigeria-government stakeholders, donor partners, researchers and NGO workers, giving generously of their time and resources in Abuja, Kano, Lagos, Bauchi and Cross River States, as well as at the case study sites. While we are not able to name all of them, a few need mention. First, we would like to thank the funders of this assessment, DFID and CIDA, in particular Paul Healey in London, Jummai Bappah and Graham Gass of DFID in Nigeria; and Esther Egbobamien and Kennah Owoh of CIDA, Nigeria. Their support, financially and in terms of their insights and comments, have greatly strengthened this work. We could also not have completed this report without the assistance of the National Bureau of Statistics. We appreciate the Director General of NBS, Dr Akinyosoye, Mr. Ekezie, and Mr. Busari for facilitating access by the team to relevant datasets. Thanks are also due to the Central Bank of Nigeria for making some of the macroeconomic data available to us. We would like to acknowledge the help of Geoffrey Greenwell of OECD and Rose Mungai of the World Bank for their insights. The in-depth macroeconomic analysis that forms this report has largely been conducted by Elissaios Papyrakis 1 , with some support from the rest of the team. While the key insights from this analysis have been presented in the National Overview, this report is potentially an invaluable resource, methodologically and in terms of the detail of analysis, for both policymakers and research analysts interested in the theme of gender and growth in Nigeria.

2009

There are several people who have contributed to this Gender and Growth Assessment of Nigeria-government stakeholders, donor partners, researchers and NGO workers, giving generously of their time and resources in Abuja, Kano, Lagos, Bauchi and Cross River States, as well as at the case study sites. While we are not able to name all of them, a few need mention. First, we would like to thank the funders of this assessment, DFID and CIDA, in particular Paul Healey in London, Jummai Bappah and Graham Gass of DFID in Nigeria; and Esther Egbobamien and Kennah Owoh of CIDA, Nigeria. Their support, financially and in terms of their insights and comments, have greatly strengthened this work. The State-level case studies in Kano, Bauchi, Lagos and Cross Rivers were led by Binta Jibril, Fatima Sawa, Keziah Awosika and Austin Angba respectively. Despite very difficult conditions, they, with their team of researchers, have done a remarkable job, in terms of grey literature search and facilitating interaction with relevant stakeholders for the state case studies. We would like to thank all of them for their inputs and insights. The research has also been supported by a team of researchers from NISER and UEA, From NISER, we particularly thank Kemi Okuwa, Buki Daramola and Demola Adeagbo for their tremendous effort, including working with the state researchers in conducting the field work. Kalu Ibe Kalu from UEA facilitated the international literature review and coordinated the fieldwork and we thank him for this research support.

2009

There are several people who have contributed to this Gender and Growth Assessment of Nigeria-government stakeholders, donor partners, researchers and NGO workers, giving generously of their time and resources in Abuja, Kano, Lagos, Bauchi and Cross River States, as well as at the case study sites. While we are not able to name all of them, a few need mention. First, we would like to thank the funders of this assessment, DFID and CIDA, in particular Paul Healey in London, Jummai Bappah and Graham Gass of DFID in Nigeria; and Esther Egbobamien and Kennah Owoh of CIDA, Nigeria. Their support, financially and in terms of their insights and comments, have greatly strengthened this work. We could also not have completed this report without the assistance of the National Bureau of Statistics. We appreciate the Director General Dr Akinyosoye for giving the team access to all the relevant datasets. The State-level case studies in Kano, Bauchi, Lagos and Cross Rivers were led by Binta Jibril, Fatima Sawa, Keziah Awosika and Austin Angba respectively. Despite very difficult conditions, they, with their team of researchers, have done a remarkable job, in terms of grey literature search and facilitating interaction with relevant stakeholders for the state case studies. We would like to thank all of them for their inputs and insights. The research has also been supported by a team of researchers from NISER and UEA, From NISER, we would like to acknowledge Funmi Oloruntimehin, John Adeoti, Sade Taiwo and Kolade Odekunle who led the teams reviewing national-level grey literature. We particularly thank Kemi Okuwa, Buki Daramola and Demola Adeagbo for their tremendous effort, including working with the state researchers in conducting the field work. Kalu Ibe Kalu from UEA facilitated the international literature review and coordinated the fieldwork and we thank him for this research support.

International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research

This study investigates the impact of the female population on the economic growth of Nigeria from 1999 to 2020. The study employed a quantitative research method with a secondary source of data collection. A times series data covering 1999 to 2020 was obtained from the World Bank Annual report. The variables considered for analysis include Annual Gross Domestic Product growth rate, expressed in % (GDP), Female school enrolment (FSE), Female (as a % of the total labour force in Nigeria) (FTLF), Life expectancy at birth, female (years) (LIFE) and Female (as a % of the total population in Nigeria) (FTP). The study adopted the ARDL method to analyse the data obtained. The study revealed that there is still a considerable gender gap in female school enrolment in Nigeria. It was equally found that women still occupy a meager status in terms of labour force participation in Nigeria) (FTLF). It was also observed that Life expectancy at birth, female (years), is approximately 50 years. Last...

2015

Gender equality is a key factor in contributing to the economic growth of a nation. The United Nations Population Fund believe that economic growth and social equality should go hand in hand, arguing that “gender inequality holds back growth of individuals, development of countries, and the evolution of societies, to the disadvantage of men and women”. The discrimination against women remains a common occurrence in today’s society and serves to hinder economic prosperity. The empowerment of women through such things as the promotion of women’s rights and an increase in the access of women to resources and education proves to be key to the advancement of economic development. Namely, gender equality in the work force and in social relationships are the two primary factors that instill economic growth. The influential role of gender equality on economic growth is most directly illustrated in the participation of women in the labor force. When women are not involved in the workforce, o...

International Journal of Publication and Social Studies

Gender Inequality remains one of the many problems facing the African continent. Perhaps among the many spheres riddled with this problem is the economy of the continent which has been extensively affected. In Nigeria, particularly the South Western corner of the country occupied predominantly by the Yoruba, women have been observed to contribute immensely to the economy growth and social stability. Interestingly however, women in the region have been clothing others with the social and economic contributions while metaphorically remaining naked. This paper aims at making an assessment of this phenomenon and its overall implication to economic growth and development of the region. The methodology adopted for this work is historical approach. Hence, the study is based on primary and secondary sources. The primary sources comprise of oral interview, newspapers, government gazettes, while relevant books were consulted as useful secondary sources. The study concludes that gender inequality affects economic development of the region to a reasonable extent. Contribution/ Originality: This paper contributes to the existing literature by making an assessment of this phenomenon and its overall implication to economic growth and development of the region.

Asian Economic and Financial Review

Earlier empirical studies on inequality concentrated more on its effects on economic growth with limited attention on its consequences for inclusive growth. Nigeria on average has achieved its annual target growth rate. However, stark realities of inequality, unemployment and poverty amid growth point to the need for inclusive growth. This paper examined the gender inequality implications for inclusive growth in Nigeria from 1980 to 2018 using data from the World Development Indicators (2018), National Bureau of Statistics (2018) and CBN Statistical Bulletin (2018).This study used the ARDL cointegration method in the analysis and the results showed that gender inequality in education and employment both in the short and in the long term portend grave consequences for inclusive growth in Nigeria. Government should take appropriate policy measures by ensuring equal access to education and employment for both men and women to minimize economic losses. Attaining inclusive growth in Nigeria is unlikely without gender equality. Therefore, this paper recommends that gender equality should be included in the National Development Agenda and be backed by policies that will enforce its operation both in public and private sectors at the local, state and federal government levels. Contribution/ Originality: This study contributes to existing literature by examining the gender inequalityinclusive growth nexus. It used a new methodology (ARDL) in its analysis and derived a new equation for inclusive growth. It's one of few studies that investigated inequality-inclusive growth relationships in Nigeria. Inclusive growth is unlikely without gender equality.

Acta Universitatis …, 2012

The thrust of this paper is to see how changing gender identities and roles can impact and influence positive changes in Nigerian economy. There is every need to empower Nigerian women particularly in the present global economy which recognizes the need for individuals to develop their potentials and contribute to the overall development of the nation. The equity aspect implies that labour market participation of women will improve their relative economic position. It will also increase overall economic efficiency and improve development potentials of the country. Researchers world over observed that Should majority of the world's population remain vulnerable to economic, political, legal and social marginalization, the hope of advancing democracy and prosperity will be jeopardized. This study analyzed the gender matrix in economic activities using secondary data obtained from CBN statistical Bulletin. The total percentage of women workers (participants) engaged in one form of activity or the other in the economy is 43.1% as opposed to men's 56.9%. This picture though appears nice statistically, is quite misleading. Key leading sectors in the economy by way of income yield or reward have not been favorable to women in terms of participation. Poverty will be reduced to the barest minimum if the government will take appropriate measures to implement and enforce laws and policies directed towards enabling women have the same rights as Nigerian men.

2006

The study suggests that gender inequality acts as a significant constraint to growth in sub-Saharan Africa, and that removing gender-based barriers to growth will make a substantial contribution to realizing Africa's economic potential. In particular we highlight gender gaps in education, related high fertility levels, gender gaps in formal sector employment, and gender gaps in access to assets and inputs in agricultural production as particular barriers reducing the ability of women to contribute to economic growth. By identifying some of the key factors that determine the ways in which men and women contribute to, and benefit (or lose) from, growth in Africa, we argue that looking at such issues through a gender lens is an essential step in identifying how policy can be shaped in a way that is explicitly gender-inclusive and …/

The study suggests that gender inequality acts as a significant constraint to growth in sub-Saharan Africa, and that removing gender-based barriers to growth will make a substantial contribution to realizing Africa's economic potential. In particular we highlight gender gaps in education, related high fertility levels, gender gaps in formal sector employment, and gender gaps in access to assets and inputs in agricultural production as particular barriers reducing the ability of women to contribute to economic growth. By identifying some of the key factors that determine the ways in which men and women contribute to, and benefit (or lose) from, growth in Africa, we argue that looking at such issues through a gender lens is an essential step in identifying how policy can be shaped in a way that is explicitly gender-inclusive and …/