US Navy battery requirements and development efforts

2005

The primary issues affecting energy options are those of availability, affordability, sustainability, and security. Since energy resources are unevenly distributed around the world, and the impacts of energy consumption have global reach in both environmental and political terms, any meaningful review of energy-related issues must take a global perspective. This work synopsizes world and national energy issues (including energy source options, resource stocks, and future prognosis) in the context of how Army installations need to respond to changing trends. This report presents implications of actions that may be taken in response to the national and world energy situation, to help the Army to make informed choices on energy utilization that will contribute to sustaining the Army's mission.

1st Space Exploration Conference: Continuing the Voyage of Discovery, 2005

Advanced power is one of the key capabilities that will be needed to achieve NASA's missions of exploration and scientific advancement. Significant gaps exist in advanced power capabilities that are on the critical path to enabling human exploration beyond Earth orbit and advanced robotic exploration of the solar system. Focused studies and investment are needed to answer key development issues for all candidate technologies before down-selection. The viability of candidate power technology alternatives will be a major factor in determining what exploration mission architectures are possible. Achieving the capabilities needed to enable the CEV, Moon and Mars missions is dependent on adequate funding. Focused investment in advanced power technologies for human and robotic exploration missions is imperative now to reduce risk and to make informed decisions on potential exploration mission decisions beginning in 2008. This investment would begin the long lead-time needed to develop capabilities for human exploration missions in the 2015 to 2030 timeframe. This paper identifies some of the key technologies that will be needed to fill these power capability gaps. Recommendations are offered to address capability gaps in advanced power for Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) power, surface nuclear power systems, surface mobile power systems, high efficiency power systems, and space transportation power systems. These capabilities fill gaps that are on the critical path to enabling robotic and human exploration missions. The recommendations address the following critical technology areas: Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Power Management and Distribution.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016

This paper assesses the pros and the cons of installing batteries on offshore support vessels. These vessels are specially designed to provide services to oil and gas operations, such as anchor handling, supply and subsea operations. They have multiple engines and advanced dynamic positioning systems to ensure that they can perform their duties with high reliability at nearly any sea state. Combined with high safety requirements, this has resulted in general operational patterns with vessels running multiple combustion engines even at calm water conditions. For emissions, low engine loads yield high emissions of exhaust gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC), due to less favorable combustion conditions. The high span for these vessels between low loads and high, and their great need for potential power at short notice, motivate our examination of hybrid setups with electric: the vessel segment should be more favorable than many. We find that combining batteries with combustion engines reduces local pollution and climate impact, while the economics with current battery cost and fuel prices is good enough for new vessels, but not good enough for retrofits.

2018

News Stories ArchiveA group of energy officials from across the Navy teamed up to provide the NPS community with an overview of the Navy’s future electrical energy technology development during the latest Defense Energy ..

2007

This report is about energy security … for mission accomplishment. Is energy security assured by backup generator sets dedicated to individual buildings that are pre-identified as critical assetswith fuel for 3-5 days? Suppose a utility power grid outage occurs. Today it is impossible to locally wheel power from dispersed individual onsite fossil-fueled or renewable power sources to facilities or other power loads … anywhere at any time. Each power source is stranded; powering only one load. Relocating generator sets and engineering their electrical connections to other power loads are not speedy or trivial tasks. There are many mission aspects that go unpowered in a blackout because Army cannot afford backup generator sets for every building, training range, sewer treatment plant, warehouse, motor pool, etc. Even if everything has dedicated backup generators, experience shows that 50 percent will not operate right anyway … and they will run out of gas after 3-5 days. Mission priorities are dynamic; power outages are unpredictable. Commanders must have the ability to wheel dispersed and finite on-installation power anywhere at anytime and to allocate stored fuels for extended outages. A new vision of energy security is needed for the asymmetrical threats and dynamics of the GWOT era.

1988

DISClAIMER Th1s report wa~ prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United State~ Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute. nor any or the1r employees, makes any warranty, expresst'd or implied, or assumes any legal liability or reo;ponsibility for the ace u rae y, completeness, or usefulness of any mlormation, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that 11s u~e would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufa(turer, or othefVIIise does not necessarily constitute or 1m ply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memoriallns!Jtute. The views and opinions of authors expressed ht>re1n do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U n1ted State'i Government or any agency thereof.

2012

RCT Systems led a team that included Creative Energy Solutions, and NDI Engineering in the development of an Advanced Energy Storage Module (ESM) for the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) contract for a DDG 51 Fuel Efficiency Demonstrator. The project demonstrated a modular 600kW ESM in December 2010. These modules could be combined into a 3 MW system to allow DDG 51 single generator operations, providing full ship backup power for up to 10 minutes with significant fuel savings. These savings are dependent on the ship operating profile. The BAA assumed 4,000 hours per year per ship of single generator operations. Based on that estimate, the system could facilitate savings of ~8000 BBL of Fuel/ship/year, or up to ~ $1.3M/ship/year in direct fuel savings [at Jan 2012 DLA Fuel Rates of $160/bbl]. This equates to ~30% direct savings in the ships electric plant fuel usage during peace time cruise and an 8% savings in overall ships fuel usage based on Navy Incentivized Energy Conservation (I-ENCON) reports. DoD has mandated the use of Fully Burdened Fuel Cost (FBFC) in all future acquisition decisions. FBFC savings could be as high as $3-5M/ship/year in FY-12 Dollars. We estimate that hardware costs alone could be recouped in ~2 years based on FBFC savings. Navy testing at NSWCCD SSES DDG-51 Land Based Engineering Site (LBES) is ongoing, and it is planned to install the ESM in a DDG-51 Class ship in summer/fall of 2012 for an at sea demonstration. The Navy is currently determining the total energy required to be available to satisfactorily de-risk single generator operations on DDG-51 Class ships.. While designed for DDG 51, the modular system is potentially adaptable to all Navy and commercial ships, and supports the Next Generation Integrated Power System (NGIPS) Architecture.

2015

2013 was a landmark year for the shipping industry since the implementation of a series of new IMO measures, such as EEDI, SEEMP, etc. took place. These measures were decided in the light of an environmentally responsible international shipping policy and referred to most types of merchant ships. Along with the environmental benefits, cost reduction is a collateral benefit in most cases. On the other hand, there are Navies, such as the US Navy, that have long before been researching ways to increase energy efficiency. Although naval ships are not directly affected by the 2013 regulations, they have strong reasons to be concerned with energy efficiency. An important reason is the energy security, which is related to the operational availability during crisis periods. In this context, advanced Navies have been studying various methods to reduce energy consumption for decades. The recent economic crisis and the new environmental regulations led to the emergence of several systems and products assisting towards this direction. In this paper, the feasibility and application of various operational and technical measures for naval vessels are examined. Examples of certain Navies are presented, predominantly from the US Navy which has a long experience in the field of energy efficiency, the Royal Navy, and finally, the Hellenic Navy. These Navies have been working on programs such as the Great Green Fleet, or the Green Ship Challenge, which will be briefly described.

1998

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or 'process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, proccss, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, m mmendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors e x p m e d herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be iiiegib electronic image products. Images are produced from the best availabie original document.

2010

most marine species and thus will not significantly alter the integrity and function of the BIC. Environmental impacts for discharges with salinity of over 40 ppt are not necessarily harmful, but depend on site-specific conditions and especially on the marine flora and fauna inhabiting the discharge area.