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2020, Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities
This study aims at exploring the debatable issue of learner"s differences in second language acquisition (SLA, henceforth). Differences in learning are critical factors which faculty members should take into account in the process of learning and teaching second or foreign languages , also these differences influence learning processes and lead to different linguistic abilities and skills in the second language. Learners differ from each other due to biological, conditioned factors or unconscious forces, each learner is different from the other, and they have different personalities and styles. Some second language learners make rapid and apparent progress while others progress very slowly and with difficulties, in this respect there are several important areas where the learners may show differences from each other. These include: age, sex, aptitude, motivation, cognitive style, personality, and learning strategies.
CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE, 2022
Students confront great pressure while learning English due to an intense competition. In spite of trying hard, some students face struggling to acquire it well in comparison to high achievers. Thus, it is important to identify the key features that have an influence on second language learning and provide students with adequate results in learning. In this article, I will explore students` individual learner differences in terms of motivation, strategies, personality along with aptitude and prove that they play a great role in second language acquisition.
Applied Psycholinguistics, 1991
The topic of the workshop from which this volume comes, "Individual Differences in Second Language Learning," is timely and important for both practical and theoretical reasons. The practical reasons are obvious: While many people have some knowledge of a second or further language, there is enormous variability in how well they know these languages. Much of this variability is, of course, likely to be due to differences in the time spent studying or being immersed in the language, but even in similar learning environments learners differ greatly in how quickly they pick up a language and in their ultimate level of proficiency. For purposes of selecting and advising learners, and for identifying those who may require specific types of intervention, it would be extremely useful to be able to predict how quickly and how well an individual learner will acquire a new language and which type of instruction would suit them best. To offer such guidance we need suitable ways of assessing proficiency and we need tests that predict an individual's speed and learning success. During the workshop much of the discussion centered on these questions: how factors such as proficiency and language aptitude can be best defined and assessed; what assessable precursors of good second language learning might be; and how assessment tools can be developed, improved, and validated. These discussions are reflected in many of the articles in this volume (
The handbook of second language …, 2003
The topic of the workshop from which this volume comes, "Individual Differences in Second Language Learning," is timely and important for both practical and theoretical reasons. The practical reasons are obvious: While many people have some knowledge of a second or further language, there is enormous variability in how well they know these languages. Much of this variability is, of course, likely to be due to differences in the time spent studying or being immersed in the language, but even in similar learning environments learners differ greatly in how quickly they pick up a language and in their ultimate level of proficiency. For purposes of selecting and advising learners, and for identifying those who may require specific types of intervention, it would be extremely useful to be able to predict how quickly and how well an individual learner will acquire a new language and which type of instruction would suit them best. To offer such guidance we need suitable ways of assessing proficiency and we need tests that predict an individual's speed and learning success. During the workshop much of the discussion centered on these questions: how factors such as proficiency and language aptitude can be best defined and assessed; what assessable precursors of good second language learning might be; and how assessment tools can be developed, improved, and validated. These discussions are reflected in many of the articles in this volume (
System, 2003
This special issue addresses the subject of individual differences in language learning, a topic whose complexity has meant little conclusive knowledge and thus need for continuing investigation. This paper offers a brief but broad overview of the field of individual differences in language learning, especially as they are reflected in learning styles, learning strategies, and affective variables, and touches on some areas for further research. #
Over the past decade, the focus of inquiry into the psychology of SLA has shifted from the analysis of various characteristics within individuals toward a greater consideration of individuals' dynamic interactions with diverse contexts. This revisit of the bestselling The Psychology of the Language Learner reflects on these developments by challenging some of the assumptions upon which the original text was based, maintaining the familiar structure of the original, while situating the discussion within a very different theoretical framework.
26-я ежегодная конференция Национальной ассоциации преподавателей английского языка «Цифровые изменения в сообществе преподавателей английского языка» совместно с НИТУ «МИСиС» (3–5 июня 2021 г., г. Москва), 2021
Learner diversity can cause a range of challenges to language teachers and hampers the individualisation of learning. Timely diagnostic assessment allows language teachers to choose the most effective approaches to the given learner / learners, predict the pace of language acquisition as well as possible pitfalls, avoiding trial and error method. Moreover, it helps learners themselves to gain awareness of their learningpeculiarities and in this way to become more productive and autonomous in the process of mastering the foreign language. Unfortunately, language teachers are not always aware of the available ways to define learners’ differences and, consequently, are not able to take them into consideration while organizing activities for students. The author shares the experience of implementing in the language teaching practice the techniques which can define the learners’ characteristics affecting language learning acquisition. Some of the factors which should be taken into consideration are learners’ preferred learning style, their beliefs, the range of language learning strategies used by learners, their language personality etc. In some cases, the use of proper tests and observations can prevent both language teachers and their learners from facing big disappointments and failures.
AILA Review, 2006
Dewaele, J.-M. (2009) Individual differences in Second Language Acquisition. In W. C. Ritchie & T. K. Bhatia (eds.), The New Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. Bingley (UK): Emerald, pp. 623-646.
International Forum, 2016
Second language acquisition (SLA) is known as both the process of learning an additional language and the field where issues pertaining to the teaching and learning of a second language (L2) are discussed (Ellis, 2010; Nunan, 2001). The field of SLA has experienced exponential growth over the past 3 decades. As Ellis (2010) states it rightly, SLA is "now an established discipline" (p. 182). This is evident in the growth of SLA research, SLA textbooks, and increase in number of theories, principles, and strategies that are found in the field of SLA. While this tremendous advance has been heavily demonstrated particularly in the United States, growth seems sparing in other countries. In fact, few are higher education institutions that offer Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) programs where SLA courses should normally be offered. Without proper knowledge and understanding of how L2s are taught and learned, it is quite likely that teaching English to non-native speakers in these non-English speaking countries is negatively affected. This paper synthesizes important topics pertaining to SLA to help TESOL experts with some fundamental understanding.
Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics
As English is an international language, learning English nowadays has become a great deal to be taught in school, especially for society whose English is their second or foreign language. However, learning English may be a psychological burden for learners, particularly learners learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Further, the issue in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) field is that although everyone has the same innate language processing mechanisms, certain individual characteristics affect how much individual learners use their processor to learn the language. Some of the learners acquire rapidly through the initial stages of learning a new language while others have repeated failures or meet with very slow progress with limited success. Therefore, it stands to reason that some of them might be anxious in learning L2. Pointing out the effect of anxiety in second or foreign language learning, there are still many other factors that should be taken into consideration to counterpart that issue, such as learners' age, motivation, learning strategies and learning styles to be considered for enhancing language learning. Howbeit, this paper aims to provide other factors that may contribute in acquiring language in a different point of views.
This essay serves as a summary of several of the seminal theories of second language acquisition. It is meant to be used as a supplemental resource for those users who are looking for a more detailed description of the theories mentioned throughout the module. While the perspectives discussed here are theoretical in nature, they are grounded in the needs of the classroom teacher who is increasingly likely to be faced with growing numbers of English language learners in her classroom. Teachers of second language students are faced with many challenges and often have questions about how to best teach these students. Common questions include:
International Journal of Social Sciences and Management
The purport of this paper is to provide an overview of five factors affecting second language acquisition (SLA). The factors include vocabulary, grammar, and interference of mother tongue (L1), self-efficacy and motivation. These factors are vital to research for the process of acquiring second language. Language is composed of vocabulary words which are synchronized by grammar affected by first language .Self efficacy is a consequential component of social cognitive and this entire process of second language acquisition is possible by the factor of motivation. Motivation is additionally a consequential contributor to language achievement in terms of linguistic outcomes.Study of these factors synthesize in the process of acquiring second language resulting with possible suggestions.
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2018
The most fundamental of all the hypotheses to be present in the Linguistics domain is the language acquisitionlearning difference. There are two distinct and independent ways in the development process of competence among adults in a second language teaching and learning. Second language acquisition theory and learner is dependent on a linguistic system which rests on the social and cultural identity impact on language learning, and intensity of exposure and use of the language along with interplay of psychology. This paper statistically illustrates on (Focus on Form) FonF used in different language and communicative context. It may have the divergence for different categories of technical terms and bring of various productivity. The paper focuses on the specificity of the technical terms of the category Linguistic, psychological and other factors with the technical terms of some other categories that they have the potential to establish.
Journal of Education and Practice, 2015
This commentary is based on the analyses of the participants’ responses provided in written form while filling the questionnaires. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze factors in individuals’ experiences about second language acquisition. The study was conducted through a research questionnaire. The questions were designed for particular outcomes needed for the research. The research was to find motivational, social, and demographic factors in learning second language. The research participants were the successful users of second language. The paper also discussed the different influences from society, and profession which are a support to learn second language or sometimes these influences work as hindrance. Questionnaire also dealt with the usefulness of language books and effectiveness of language teachers. The project involves 4 participants who filled in the answers. 50% of them have provided very short answers but the ideas are understandable and interpretable,...
2022
This chapter provides an overview of the status quo of the research on individual difference (ID) factors in second language acquisition (SLA). It opens with a clarification of the scope and significance of IDs in second language (L2) research, followed by a discussion of the theoretical perspectives of the roles of ID variables in influencing L2 learning processes, behaviors, and outcomes. The section on theories includes nine excerpts authored by prominent figures of major SLA theories who first summarized the major tenets of the theory in question and then commented on whether and in what way ID factors impact L2 learning according to the theory. The following section centers on ID research, where we (1) discuss the importance of construct validation and the types of evidence that need to be collected to establish construct validity, (2) summarize major research streams and designs, and (3) identify current trends, new directions, and issues that need to be addressed in future research. The chapter ends with an introduction to the organization and features of the current volume, a description of chapter templates, and a snapshot of each chapter.
UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION, 2020
THE PRESENT PAPER SEEKS TO GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION. TO UNDERSTAND THESE FACTORS, THE ARTICLE WILL FIRST DEFINE WHAT IS MEANT BY A SECOND LANGUAGE, AND SECONDLY, EXPLORE THE PROCESS OF ITS ACQUISITION. IT WILL ULTIMATELY EXPLAIN THE CRITICAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH ACQUIRING A SECOND LANGUAGE AND CATEGORIZE THE DISTINCT FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ITS ACQUISITION. THE CLASSIFICATION WILL COMPRISE OF INTERNAL, EXTERNAL, AS WELL AS INDIVIDUAL, FACTORS. THE EXTERNAL FACTORS DISCUSSED WILL INCLUDE INPUT, INTERACTION, SOCIAL CLASS, SOCIAL FACTORS, AND SOCIAL SETTING. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHARED FACTORS OF ETHNICITY, GENDER, SOCIAL CLASS AND SETTING, INPUT ROLES, AND INTERACTION WILL BE CONSIDERED. THE INTERNAL FACTORS EXPLAINED IN THE PAPER ARE FACTORS RELATED TO MENTAL AGILITY THAT CONSIDER THE EFFECT OF THE LEARNER’S EXISTING FIRST LANGUAGE. FINALLY, INDIVIDUAL FACTORS WILL INCLUDE THE PERSONALITY OF THE LEARNER, AGE, EXPERIENCE, AND COGNITION. ALL OF THESE FACTORS WILL BE ELUCIDATED. THE PAPER WILL REVIEW STUDIES CONDUCTED PREVIOUSLY BY AUTHORS SEEKING TO EXAMINE THE PERSPECTIVE OFFERED IN A BID TO GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ACQUISITION OF A SECOND LANGUAGE. IT WILL SEEK TO IDENTIFY KEY CONCEPTS, AND TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE THEME OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND THE ROLE OF THE INFLUENCING FACTORS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS IS TO OFFER NEW CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORIES AND REVIEWS ALREADY DONE, AS WELL AS HYPOTHESES, AS FAR AS UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE ACQUISITION OF A SECOND LANGUAGE ARE CONCERNED.
This paper investigates the potential differences between First Language Acquisition (FLA) and New Language Learning (NLL) in the classroom. It examines the factors that influence language acquisition in the two different environments. This includes explication of the age factor and its impact on progress in language acquisition. It also involves studying the language input in terms of quantity and quality in both cases and the limitations of NLL in the classroom. This paper also studies the individual differences that influence language acquisition. This covers language aptitude, language anxiety, language ego, and motivation. This paper, moreover, studies approaches to FLA like behaviourism, innatism, and interactionist position. It finally explains more explicitly how the teaching techniques influence the progress students achieve in learning a new language.
2021
The aim of this paper is to shed light on the role of age in second language acquisition. Without a doubt, age has an effect on the processes involved in second language acquisition, as well as on the level of proficiency a learner of a second language attains. It is, however, unclear whether the effects of age in second language acquisition are similar to those in first language acquisition, where a critical period within which a person may acquire a first language has been established, or they essentially differ. Second Language Acquisition (SLA) refers to the study of how students learn a second language (L2) additionally to their first language (L1). Although it is referred as Second Language Acquisition, it is the process of learning any language after the first language whether it is the second, third or fourth language. Therefore, any other language apart from the first language is called a second language (SL) or also referred to as a target language (TL). To distinguish between Second Language and Foreign Language, The Collins Dictionary defines Second Language as the language that a person learns after his or her native language and Foreign Language as a language that is used in a country other than one's native country (2013). The Learner is affected by many factors in the second language acquisition process. The level of cognitive development, socioeconomic and cultural background, and the ability to acquire a language, age, and motivation of the learners can be expressed as the factors affecting second language acquisition. The competency of a learner's in his or her first language has a direct relationship with his or her age. Schooling and cognitive development are the other factors affecting the second language acquisition. In researches and studies made on second language acquisition, the learners who completed their first language acquisition have been found more successful in second language acquisition. (Birdsong, D, 1999). Learners' age has been identified by researchers-no matter whether their particular orientation is theoretical or applied-as one of the crucial issues in the area of second language (L2) acquisition. A learner's age is one of the important factors affecting the process of second language acquisition. Collier (1988), expresses that successful language acquisition depends on the learner's age. It is generally believed that younger learners have certain advantages over older learners in language learning. The common notion is that younger children learn L2 easily and quickly in comparison to older children (Ellis, 2008; Larsen
Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2021
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Language and Education, 2012
This research paper tends to focus on comparison and contrast between first and second language learning. It investigates the different factors that have inhibiting influences on the language learning process of the learners in the two different environments. There are many factors involved in this respect. The age factor is one of the vital factors that influence the progress of learners in the language learning process. The other factor between first and second language learning, which mostly influences the performance of second language learners, is language input in terms of the quantity and quality in both cases of the limitations of the second language learning in classroom. This research study also studies the language input in both cases and limitations of second language learning in classroom. The present research also investigates the individual differences between first and second language learning, covering aptitude of the language learner, motivation of teacher and classmates, language anxiety and language ego. This research paper suggests that motivation of the teacher and other class fellows, aptitude of learner and teacher’s instructions and teaching methodology as well as classroom setting may help the second language learners to overcome their language anxiety and language ego in the classroom.
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