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2016, ITE Transactions on Media Technology and Applications
This paper explores how electronic paper should be used in office work in the future. Nine participants used an A4-size electronic paper device in their actual work. The results revealed that the electronic paper device is easy to handle as a device and it was well suited to support reading and writing activities which includes frequent hand-using actions such as moving, holding, and pointing to the device. However, participants felt difficulty in page navigation and overviewing documents and these features are inevitable to support document-related work in the office. To resolve this, we suggest that electronic paper should focus on its strengths and make other devices compensate for its weaknesses. In this framework, multiple devices support a single activity together by making use of strengths of each device. We also discuss three application domains: active reading, collaborative work using documents, and note-taking in the field.
In this paper, we describe the process of using user needs, collected through case communities, to design concepts that link print products and digital services. One of the example cases was an online community, while the other was a traditional off-line community. Users often, perhaps subconsciously, know the strengths of print and web and use the media suitable for their needs accordingly. With a user-centered design approach, it's possible to create new and enticing hybrid media products for user communities with very different backgrounds.
… of the 1992 ACM conference on …, 1992
Drawing on field studies of three, real world, organisational environments, namely an architectural practice, a medical centre and the Control Rooms on London LJnderground, this paper explores the ways in which personnel use paper and screen based documentation to support synchronous and asynchronous collaborative activity. It discusses how collaboration involves a complex configuration of coparticipation by personnel in a range of activities, ranging from seemingly individual tasks to mutually focussed, real time cooperation.
2007
The incomplete or erroneous use of software can have serious economic consequences. Having learned the basics of a particular software package, users do not automatically, through practice, progress to a level of expertise where they can gainfully incorporate their use of the software into strategies for solving problems and answering questions in real life. Under-use, ineffective use and inefficient use of software commonly occur. Insights into the mechanisms underlying supoptimal performance, and pointers to possible remedies to the ...
Second Annual IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems (TABLETOP'07), 2007
Multi-touch tabletops have been the focus of significant recent study but, to date, few devices have moved from prototype to installed use. In this paper, we present observation and analysis of a subject who has used a direct-touch tabletop as his primary computing environment for the past 13 months, driving all manner of applications in a standard MS Windows environment. We present the results of three research instruments: a structured interview with the user, an analysis of touch and click locations when operating in desktop and tabletop modes over several days, and linguistic analysis of email composition over several months. From the product of these instruments we then report on several open avenues for research, including physical parameters, hardware limitations, touch vs. click in the WIMP, and text entry techniques.
2010
With the aid of digital pen and paper technologies, information written on paper can be made available digitally without an intermediary transcription step. This creates opportunities to harness paper notes in ways that are only possible with digital systems. We report on the outcomes of a user study on incidental paper-based notetaking that examined, not only the forms of notes that users take, but also if and how these are later used. Our aim was to establish how useful existing digital pen and paper solutions would be in such settings as well as informing the design of new solutions.
paper, paperless office, artifact Developments in information technology are lowering the barriers to the input of paper-based information into computers.
AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings / AMIA Symposium. AMIA Symposium, 2003
In this paper, we present a new approach to clinical workplace computerization that departs from the window-based user interface paradigm. NOSTOS is an experimental computer-augmented work environment designed to support data capture and teamwork in an emergency room. NOSTOS combines multiple technologies, such as digital pens, walk-up displays, headsets, a smart desk, and sensors to enhance an existing paper-based practice with computer power. The physical interfaces allow clinicians to retain mobile paper-based collaborative routines and still benefit from computer technology. The requirements for the system were elicited from situated workplace studies. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of augmenting a paper-based clinical work environment.
2012
Reading activities in the classroom and workplace occur predominantly on paper. Since existing electronic devices do not support these reading activities as well as paper, users have difficulty taking full advantage of the affordances of electronic documents. This dissertation makes three main contributions toward supporting active reading electronically. The first contribution is a comprehensive set of active reading requirements, drawn from three decades of research into reading processes. These requirements explain why existing devices are inadequate for supporting active reading activities. The second contribution is a multi-slate reading system that more completely supports the active reading requirements above. Researchers believe the suitability of paper for active reading is largely due to the fact it distributes content across different sheets of paper, which are capable of displaying information as well as capturing input. The multislate approach draws inspiration from the independent reading and writing surfaces that paper provides, to blend the beneficial features of e-book readers, tablets, PCs, and The successful completion of this dissertation was only possible with the support of the many people who have been a part of my life. Through their encouragement, beneficial peer-pressure, and advice, my family, friends and colleagues helped me make it through this most challenging, but also most rewarding, period of my life. First, I would like to thank my advisor, François Guimbretière, with whom I have worked since my first day as a graduate student. I am grateful for his continuous support as we embarked on an ambitious and unconventional program of research. His high standards and unwavering confidence in me ensured I did not shy away from the hard problems, and helped me produce research that I am intensely proud of. I would also like to thank Abigail Sellen, whose research is the foundation on which mine rests. The expertise and prior experience she brought were indispensable in my work. The results of my research are stronger and more relevant from her contributions. The rest of my committee deserves recognition as well. Ben Shneiderman's insights into what makes for good research (e.g., "two parents and three children") has been tremendously helpful in helping me frame my work. Neil Spring taught me important lessons about being more detail-oriented that I will not soon forget. Matthew Kirschenbaum was instrumental in connecting this research with its applications in the humanities. Vibha Sazawal was part of my proposal committee and helped me formulate the central thesis of my research and also encouraged me to consider the broader implications of my work. The financial and equipment support of people and organizations that saw value in my work were critical. Bill Buxton and Microsoft Research provided the generous gift that made it possible to build the slate devices used in my research. A significant portion of the iii work in this dissertation was completed while I was funded through a Google Ph.D. Fellowship in Human-Computer Interaction. Hod Lipson loaned us the Optitrack system used in Chapter 7. NSF Grants IIS-0447703, IIS-0749094, and IIS-0916217 provided the remaining resources for this research. My research has given me the opportunity to collaborate with a number of incredible people. The origins of this dissertation can be traced back to when Maneesh Agrawala hosted me at UC Berkeley. Morgan Dixon and Cassandra Lewis helped me realize my initial hardware prototypes at UMD. John Barrus and Ricoh Innovations, Inc. supported me with a summer internship but also provided me with the tremendous talents of Ken Gudan, Sergey Chemishkian, Ed Schwartz, and Rich Kosoglow, from whom I learned a great deal. I must also acknowledge the participants in my user studies and fieldwork. In particular, Kari Kraus and the students in her Spring 2010 ENGL428Y course at UMD, and my Ph.D. student participants at Cornell. The need for anonymity prevents me from recognizing these people by name. Thank you all for being so understanding about the fickleness and shortcomings of prototype hardware. My studies have taken me through both the University of Maryland and Cornell University. Hyunyoung Song has been my officemate, friend, and confidant at both places. From her, I received a constant stream of encouragement, knowledge, entertainment, and good ideas throughout grad school. I am also fortunate to have met Elizabeth Murnane during my final year in grad school. Her amazing work ethic inspired me to stay focused during the last mile of my dissertation. My friends and labmates
The impact of Tablet PCs and Pan-based Technology on Education, 2010
The act of note-taking is crucially important to learning in secondary and post-secondary classrooms. It helps students stay focused on the instruction, forces them to cognitively process what is being presented, and helps them better retain what has been taught, even if they never subsequently refer to their notes. This paper describes ongoing research and development of a device (called the Note-Taker) that a student can take to class to assist in the process of taking notes. It describes the principles that have guided the development of the Note-Taker prototype, and presents the results of preliminary usability studies that have been conducted with postsecondary students who have visual disabilities.
2006
Although electronic media has changed how people interact with documents, today's electronic documents and the environments in which they are used are still impoverished relative to traditional paper documents when used by groups of people and across multiple computing devices. Vertical interfaces (e.g., walls and monitors) afford a less democratic style of interaction than generally observed when people are working around a table. In this paper, we introduce Multi-Space, a research effort which explores the role of the table as a central hub to support ad hoc collaboration in a multi-device environment. The table-centric approach offers new interaction techniques to provide egalitarian access and shared transport of data, supporting mobility and micro-mobility [11] of electronic content between tables and other devices. Our observations show how people use these techniques, and how tabletop technology can support and augment collaborative tasks.
2005
A key challenge in supporting face-to-face collaborative work is e-document micro-mobility: supporting movement of digital content amongst shared display surfaces and personal devices at arbitrary levels of document granularity. Micro-mobility is a dexterity that physical paper artifacts afford -the ability to be handled with any position and placement, to be dismantled, cut and torn apart, marked up, reassembled and sorted. To support micro-mobility for electronic content and group work, we propose DocuBits and Containers. DocuBits offer the metaphor of a paper-cutter and a scanner for electronic documents. A portion of screenbitsfrom any application or any parts of visible display can be cut, grabbed, send and launched onto a different display surface or device with minimal interaction -merely three mouse/stylus click-select. Once arrived on the target display surface, DocuBits can be arbitrarily positioned, re-oriented, marked up, and pulled into other documents, or again send to other display surfaces. A Container is a composite draft of DocuBits and other documents, usually composed as the outcome of a collaborative meeting.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2000
A t Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), we're investigating strategies for augmenting the individual office environment. In making this distinction, we envision the principally private space of an individual employee. Despite experiments with "hoteling" and other depersonalized environments, the use of personal spaces remains the norm for many cultures. Our goal is to blur the boundaries between the physical and virtual realms by augmenting common office tools with computational capabilities. One design goal underlying this approach is to retain the natural affordances of the existing tool, even if this constraint requires limiting the features or complexity of the augmented tool.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005
A key challenge in supporting face-to-face collaborative work is e-document micro-mobility: supporting movement of digital content amongst shared display surfaces and personal devices at arbitrary levels of document granularity. Micro-mobility is a dexterity that physical paper artifacts afford -the ability to be handled with any position and placement, to be dismantled, cut and torn apart, marked up, reassembled and sorted. To support micro-mobility for electronic content and group work, we propose DocuBits and Containers. DocuBits offer the metaphor of a paper-cutter and a scanner for electronic documents. A portion of screenbitsfrom any application or any parts of visible display can be cut, grabbed, send and launched onto a different display surface or device with minimal interaction -merely three mouse/stylus click-select. Once arrived on the target display surface, DocuBits can be arbitrarily positioned, re-oriented, marked up, and pulled into other documents, or again send to other display surfaces. A Container is a composite draft of DocuBits and other documents, usually composed as the outcome of a collaborative meeting.
Journal of the Imaging Society of Japan, 2019
This paper evaluates people’s conscious for digital devices from their behavior for the devices. Fourteen people performed tasks using four media : a sheet of A4 paper, an A4-size tablet PC, and two types of A4-size electronic paper devices. We analyzed how they handled these media. Results showed that they frequently handled electronic paper devices with a single hand and slid them on a desk surface like a sheet of paper. This indicates that they considered electronic paper devices as analog stationery rather than as digital devices.
2020
With the latest inventions, human life standards have been changed dramatically. Intensive work can be seen to make the environment human-friendly. By keeping this view, this paper presents the future of advanced classroom/ meeting rooms, training areas, etc. by bringing down the count of paper used to make lecture notes. Our proposed system Interactive Smart Writing Technology (ISWT) which we claim as assistance to paperless documentation, is a pen/ marker sleeve that works on the mechanism of taking motion reading through the sensor that can work on any flat writing surface and whatever is written from it, will get digitalized on the application in real-time, making it easier to take notes and much more. You do not need to focus on writing, rather you can focus on the learning and understanding of the topics being discussed. The ISWT can also work as a liaison between industry and academia. The novelty of ISWT includes surface independence, portable, real-time and low cost.
NotePals has shown that shared notes can add value to meeting, conference, and class records.
Communications of The ACM, 1993
In the 1970's Xerox PARC developed the "desktop metaphor," which made computers easy to use by making them look and act like ordinary desks and paper. This led visionaries to predict the "paperless office" would dominate within a few years, but the trouble with this prediction is that people like paper too much. It is portable, tactile, universally accepted, and easier to read than a screen. Today, we continue to use paper, and computers produce more of it than they replace.
2009
Current paper-based activities and practices are highly disseminated and intrinsic to our daily lives. Particular cases such as therapeutic and educational procedures, which rely strongly on paper-based artefacts (eg questionnaires, forms, manuals) assume special importance due to their critical content. However, their passiveness, limited interactivity, lack of adjustment, among other problems tend to obstruct personalization, hindering efficiency and preventing users from achieving desired goals.
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