Marketing and non‐profit organizations in the Czech Republic

Tobacco Control, 2002

Tobacco Control, 2000

Tobacco Induced Diseases encompasses all aspects of research related to the prevention and control of tobacco use at a global level. Preventing diseases attributable to tobacco is only one aspect of the journal, whose overall scope is to provide a forum for the publication of research articles that can contribute to reducing the burden of tobacco induced diseases globally. To address this epidemic we believe that there must be an avenue for the publication of research/ policy activities on tobacco control initiatives that may be very important at a regional and national level. This approach provides a very important "hands on" service to the tobacco control community at a global scale -as common problems have common solutions. Hence, we see ourselves as "connectors" within this global community. The journal hence encourages the submission of articles from all medical, biological and psychosocial disciplines, ranging from medical and dental clinicians, through health professionals to basic biomedical and clinical scientists.

Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2018

Tobacco Induced Diseases encompasses all aspects of research related to the prevention and control of tobacco use at a global level. Preventing diseases attributable to tobacco is only one aspect of the journal, whose overall scope is to provide a forum for the publication of research articles that can contribute to reducing the burden of tobacco induced diseases globally. To address this epidemic we believe that there must be an avenue for the publication of research/ policy activities on tobacco control initiatives that may be very important at a regional and national level. This approach provides a very important "hands on" service to the tobacco control community at a global scale -as common problems have common solutions. Hence, we see ourselves as "connectors" within this global community. The journal hence encourages the submission of articles from all medical, biological and psychosocial disciplines, ranging from medical and dental clinicians, through health professionals to basic biomedical and clinical scientists.

Journal of Health Inequalities, 2017

The Health Promotion Foundation (HPF) was established in 1991 with the goal of countering Poland's lung cancer epidemic through conducting research, building the health competence of the Polish population and organising training in smoking cessation for healthcare professionals. The HPF trained thousands of Polish doctors and nurses using as its main tool the Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tobacco Dependence, a set of guidelines elaborated and recommended by the leading medical associations in Poland, which was distributed with support of the National Medical Chamber to each doctor in Poland. The HPF prepared a guide for smokers and healthcare providers "How to quit smoking" (Witold Zatoński) published from 1990s until now in about 1.5 million pieces. It was a sequential important element of tobacco control in Poland. At the same time, the HPF engaged in activities to increase the availability of smoking cessation drugs, and in particular disseminating the knowledge on cytisine. The HPF's work culminated in Poland becoming the first country in Eastern Europe to launch nicotine replacement therapy, in the 1990s, as well as to register and introduce bupropion on the market. The HPF's comprehensive activities have already helped millions of Poles quit smoking. Its current work is focused on developing ways of engaging medical doctors in the treatment of tobacco dependence and the use of novel technologies in supporting effective cessation efforts, both on the side of providers and of patients. Especially, implementation of tobacco dependence treatment procedures into hospitals in Poland would be activity of special attention.

Tobacco Control, 2006

2016

Background: The Czech Republic has one of the poorest tobacco control records in Europe. This paper examines transnational tobacco companies' (TTCs') efforts to influence policy there, paying particular attention to excise policies, as high taxes are one of the most effective means of reducing tobacco consumption, and tax structures are an important aspect of TTC competitiveness. Methods and Findings: TTC documents dating from 1989 to 2004/5 were retrieved from the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library website, analysed using a socio-historical approach, and triangulated with key informant interviews and secondary data. The documents demonstrate significant industry influence over tobacco control policy. Philip Morris (PM) ignored, overturned, and weakened various attempts to restrict tobacco advertising, promoting voluntary approaches as an alternative to binding legislation. PM and British American Tobacco (BAT) lobbied separately on tobacco tax structures, each seeking to implement the structure that benefitted its own brand portfolio over that of its competitors, and enjoying success in turn. On excise levels, the different companies took a far more collaborative approach, seeking to keep tobacco taxes low and specifically to prevent any large tax increases. Collective lobbying, using a variety of arguments, was successful in delaying the tax increases required via European Union accession. Contrary to industry arguments, data show that cigarettes became more affordable post-accession and that TTCs have taken advantage of low excise duties by raising prices. Interview data suggest that TTCs enjoy high-level political support and continue to actively attempt to influence policy. Conclusion: There is clear evidence of past and ongoing TTC influence over tobacco advertising and excise policy. We conclude that this helps explain the country's weak tobacco control record. The findings suggest there is significant scope for tobacco tax increases in the Czech Republic and that large (rather than small, incremental) increases are most effective in reducing smoking.

Background: Workplaces are an important subject of state policy regarding smoking. They are obliged to comply with the prohibition of smoking in public places, except special smoking-rooms – if the employer decides to create such. This paper discusses the Polish enterprises activity in relation to smoking, according to new legal obligations and principles of health promotion programs. Furthermore, the article raises the question whether companies' size and economic situation differentiate their attitude to smoking. Material: 1002 interviews (computer-assisted telephone interview – CATI) conducted in November/December 2010 (date of entry into force of the new law regarding smoking at the workplace) in a representative sample workplace employing above 50 employees. Results: A total smoking prohibition applies in 23% of companies, smoking is allowed only in special smoking-rooms and outside the building in 54% of enterprises, in 23% of companies regulations are inconsistent with the state policy (for example smoking allowed in the corridors). Apart from smoking bans, companies introduce disciplinary punishments for breaking them and health education (in the absence of other activities promoting non-smoking). In one in three companies`the management does not enforce the compliance with the introduced regulations. Generally, the management does not see a connection between employees smoking and the functioning of the company. In every second company, employees to a greater or lesser extent break the smoking ban. Companies' economic situation does not differentiate their attitude to the problem, the size of employment only slightly. Conclusions: The results obtained can be used for future evaluation of the effectiveness of the state tobacco control policy and proper direction of the programs aimed at releasing companies from smoke as well as campaigns prepared for employers.

Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 2012

Iran is one of the countries that has ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC), and has implemented a series of tobacco control interventions including the Comprehensive Tobacco Control Law. Enforcement of this legislation and assessment of its outcome requires a dedicated evaluation system. This study aimed to develop a generic model to evaluate the implementation of the Comprehensive Tobacco Control Law in Iran that was provided based on WHO-FCTC articles. Using a grounded theory approach, qualitative data were collected from 265 subjects in individual interviews and focus group discussions with policymakers who designed the legislation, key stakeholders, and members of the target community. In addition, field observations data in supermarkets/shops, restaurants, teahouses and coffee shops were collected. Data were analyzed in two stages through conceptual theoretical coding. Overall, 617 open codes were extracted from the data into...

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2009

Implementing the World Health Organisation (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) relies heavily on enforcement. Little is known of the way different enforcement agencies operate, prioritise or network. A questionnaire was sent to representatives of the International Federation of Environmental Health (IFEH) in 36 countries. Tobacco control was given low priority. Almost two thirds did not have any tobacco control policy. A third reported their organisation had worked with other agencies on tobacco control. Obstacles to addressing tobacco control included a lack of resources (61%) and absence of a coherent strategy (39%).

2007

Reducing tobacco use is a challenging task and cannot be accomplished within a short period of time. Although a diverse range of tobacco control instruments have been put into place over the years, significant problems still remain. In this paper, we develop a high level framework for investigating success and failure of tobacco control instruments. The main contributions of this paper are as follows. First, we provide a brief literature review of the current status of tobacco control, including what instruments have been put into place, how much these instruments are helping, and what problems we still have. Second, we develop a high level framework for analysing tobacco control issues and the reasons for current problems. Third, we provide a conceptual model to illustrate the process of developing new tobacco control measures, using smoke-free places as an example. Finally, the future directions for this project are outlined. This paper has the potential to support decision-making, decision-refinement, ongoing management of government activities, and tobacco control.

Tobacco Prevention & Cessation

INTRODUCTION Tobacco control efforts have been advancing globally, including the adoption and entry into force of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC), as well as the adoption of the European Union EU Tobacco Products Directive. With the present review, the European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the status of WHO FCTC implementation, policy achievements and priority areas across countries in the WHO Europe Region. METHODS The review was conducted through a triangulation of data extracted from a survey administered to ENSP members, the WHO FCTC Implementation Database, Tobacco Control Laws and the Tobacco Control Scale 2016. RESULTS Using the WHO MPOWER measures as a framework, we report on the implementation status of nine FCTC articles across 47 countries in the WHO Europe Region. The average number of articles fully implemented was 3.58. FCTC articles least fully implemented were: Article 5.3 on Tobacco Industry Interference (25.5%, n=12), Article 20 on Research (34.0%, n=16), and Article 15 on Illicit trade (40.4%, n=19). The most commonly fully implemented articles were: Article 8 on Smoke-free legislation (63.8%, n=30), Article 16 on Underage sales (57.4%, n=27), and Article 6 on Price and tax measures (51.2%, n=24). Policy achievements and recommended priority areas for future national tobacco control activities varied greatly among countries. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the multitude of successes in tobacco control efforts across the region in recent years, but point out the need to address gaps in FCTC implementation.

Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 2016

Foreword welcome to the eNSP Tobacco Control Conference The European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP) has been active in tobacco control since 1997 and for the last 19 years has been playing an important role in setting and influencing policies at a European and international level. Spearheading ENSP activities and projects are national representatives, organisations, academics, doctors, lawyers, health care professionals, experts and activists who always worked together to fulfil the objectives and mission of ENSP. ENSP is the only truly pan-European network active in tobacco control being the key grassroots organisation in implementing the World Health organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) at a European level. This was acknowledged by the WHO-FCTC-Conference of Parties during the session in Uruguay (November 2010) when ENSP received FCTC observer status. It is almost impossible to talk about FCTC in Europe without mentioning the involvement of at least one ENSP member. This united and collective effort is the essence, the heart and soul of the "Network" concept: each link makes the chain stronger; each node adds value to the structure. This added value is not only found in the strength of the partnership but also on a scientific level in everything ENSP does: its core activities, its EU projects but also its new scientific journal, "Tobacco Prevention & Cessation". Tobacco consumption remains the single largest avoidable cause of premature death in Europe, responsible for 700,000 deaths every year, and is the most significant cause of health inequalities. It is an interesting time for our work in tobacco control, as the world recognises that the most effective policies are those based on scientific studies and solid evidence. Therefore, this year the conference is dedicated to three main topics: reSearCh-Research and science represent the base for lobby and advocacy activities. On 5th April, a special session is dedicated to the European research and Public Health Projects dealing with different tobacco control topics. In all those projects, ENSP is acting as a knowledge and networking hub, being a real support for researchers and partners involved in the projects' implementation. PreveNTioN-Next year ENSP celebrates 20 years of activities dedicated mainly to prevent tobacco consumption in Europe. During the conference, a series of workshops, plenary and parallel sessions aim to highlight its accomplishments based on constant guidance resulting from WHO FCTC and MPOWER strategies. TreaTmeNT-Wednesday April 6th is fully dedicated to the WHO-FCTC Art. 14's implementation in Europe and we bring together, in a special training session, more than 50 experts from Armenia, Georgia, Romania, Russia and Ukraine, partner countries under the EPACTT Project developed in partnership with Global Bridges-Healthcare Alliance for Tobacco Dependence Treatment. The above-mentioned topics demonstrate the diversity and complexity of our Network, which is dedicated to tobacco control in Europe. Furthermore, the International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases has joined forces by sponsoring two symposiums on Thursday 7 April, reinforcing the importance of academic and scientific research in our work. Bringing together more than 170 experts from over 30 countries, this Conference is a new step ahead in accomplishing our two top priority objectives as stated in our Statute: • To have the WHO-Framework Convention on Tobacco Control implemented in Europe by 2020 • To reduce the prevalence of tobacco use in Europe to below 5% by 2040. During the conference, as you discover and meet special guests and speakers from the Academic and European Institutions, World Health Organization, national authorities and well known non-governmental organisations involved in tobacco control at regional, national and international level, we hope you have the chance to share your experiences and insights pertaining to various facets of tobacco control. On behalf of ENSP members and Secretariat, we are honoured to invite you to our Tobacco Control Conference in Brussels, the capital city of Belgium and Europe, and would like to thank you, as well as all the presenters, without whom this event would not be possible, for your work, your dedication and your loyalty.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) developed by the State Parties to the World Health Organization was ratified in Slovakia in 2004 and in Finland in 2005. The aim of this study was to explore and compare compliance with the FCTC in Finland and Slovakia. This is a two-country comparative study of tobacco control policy based on implementation of the FCTC in Slovakia and Finland. Compliance with the FCTC was measured similarly in Slovakia and Finland in terms of their institutional structure supporting a smoking free environment and implementation of selected articles of the FCTC. In Finland the responsibilities for anti-tobacco policy are clearly assigned. Slovakia does not have specifically responsible institutions. Finland has a clear plan for achieving the goal of a smoking-free country based on empirical evidence. Slovakia meets only the minimum standard resulting from its commitment as ratified in the FCTC and data are out of date or missing completely.

Global Health Promotion, 2010

Successful tobacco control efforts in developed countries have provided an illustration of the application of health promotion principles, most notably the critical value of social mobilization for change and use of comprehensive health promotion strategies. Tobacco control efforts in developed countries are now starting to grapple with the challenge of closing the health equity gap. In developed countries, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), though derived from a global social movement, is facing challenges in implementation because of relatively little support from the population as a whole, along with weak government infrastructure. Furthermore, developing countries are often more concerned about the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and access to primary health care, not to mention poverty alleviation in general, than tobacco use and non-communicable diseases. Health promotion and the FCTC have shared interests in relation to both health equity and capacity building. Therefore, a civil society coalition built around these common interests -and broader issues -may provide a stronger support for FCTC implementation. Strengthening the ties between health promotion and the FCTC could lead to stronger advocacy, better knowledge management systems, more integrated community-based programs, and stronger workforce capacity. These, in turn, could reduce tobacco smoking and other risks to health, as well as help close the health equity gap in developed and developing countries. (Global Health Promotion, 2010; Supp (1): pp. 76-80)