Analysis of Land Uses In Iraqi Cities

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2018

This study aims to examine the user characteristics of the Imam Hussein town and the location of the town in Islamshahr, the use of its land in terms of spatial distribution and location and per capita use, as well as the desirability and efficient use of land and maintenance of it, especially agricultural land. Also, in this research, the library and documentary methods have been used to develop a theoretical framework, research and review of previous research, and the results and analysis have been analyzed and evaluated. The results of the research indicate that most ANP and SWOT users using the technical model Of Imam Hussein's township in terms of per capita size and their poor distribution at the level of the city are in a bad situation and indicate the inadequacy of adequate program planning City planner and city authorities.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2015

International Journal of Environment & Water, 2015

This research is the scientific in agricultural areas in Iraq, in addition to studying the reasons for that crawl within the political and economic changes in Iraq between 2003 and 2015, taking into consideraaon the specificity of the social situation of the inhabitants of the region. This subject acquires its importance from the importance of understanding the future developments of the cit order to develop mechanisms to address the causes and legal loopholes that lead to this phenomenon thus the development of mechanisms to help tackle these problems. The research provides an preliminary understanding of the extent a phenomenon and its effects on the surrounding environment in both the short and the long terms thus enabling to address these problems and to reduce the effects throughout laws, regulations and policies adopted by the state. The research methodology adopted by this research is based on statistical and geographic analysis using statistical and geographical information gathered by field study or acquired from third parties and governmental organizations as a source of data, The research Geographical Information System (GIS) in order to achieve an in problem through a series of objectives: 1. A brief definiion about urban sprawl, its history, and the potennal impact and effects in relation to the political and economic changes as well as the social on cultural characteristics of Iraq in particular. 2. Reviewing academic literature about urban sprawl in the world and Iraq in parrcular, and the main reasons leading to the increasing of this phenomenon. 3. Reviewing legal loopholes that have been used to encroach upon agricultural land. Through which the review laws which have been overlooked for humanitarian reasons. 4. Choosing a casestudy site (palm groves in the Karkh district of Baghdad) / neighborin areas "Topchi, housing, entrance Kazimiyah" as an example of urban sprawl between the year 2003 and the year 2015 and the changes that have occurred in the region through the GIS system analysis. And then study these changes to understand its effects on the city. Finally the research ends with a set of conclusions, final key points and proposals for future research on the subject of the study.

Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2020

The classification of land uses in the city is an essential element for the organization and distribution of land uses when it is preparing and updating master plans for cities. The land uses in each country are divided into single, secondary, hierarchical or other classifications according to the planning requirements for land uses in the country. The problem of research is that most land-use classifications in Iraqi cities lack a uniform and convergent classification of land uses which they depend for updating or preparing the master plans, so, the studying and analyzing the classification of land uses for seven Iraqi cities, we note that there is no uniform and convergent classification, and there isn't overlap and complementarity of land uses for the existing and future of land use classification in these cities. The aim of the research is to prepare a proposal for the classification of land uses for Iraqi cities as a reference and guide when the preparation and updating of the master plans for Iraqi cities. One of the most important research conclusions is unclear classification of the land uses in Iraqi cities either primary or secondary classification but there is a different classification of each city according to the existing of land use, and its adoption in whole or near total for future land uses. The research proposed to classify land uses into seven major classifications, including residential, economic, mixed, public services, recreational, infrastructure and other land uses, these major land uses have been classified into 19 secondary classifications and more than 60 land use in detail.

The world is witnessing a rapid urbanization that leads to the loss of valuable ecosystems and lands for satisfying the urban demands. Thisrapid urbanization must be accompanied with a balanced planning that satisfies the current and future needs preventing the appearance ofserious economic, environmental, and social problems. This is possible to be achieved by sustainable planning. Indicators are important tools used for planning, measurement, evaluation and improvement. In addition they provide clear information for progress towards the measured subject. The main research objective was building an integrated framework for sustainable development urban planning in Iraqi cities. The research methodology was adopted in pursuit of achieving the research objectives in systematic sequences steps. Depending on the theoretical review, using SMART approach and interrelation between Delphi method and content analysis, the hierarchy framework resulted with three levels: level of dimensions(4dimensions),level of categories (32categories) and level of indicators (138indicators ).. AHP method with pair wise comparative questionnaire was used to find the framework components weighting for the study regions that compass 15 urban Iraqi governorates, that vary from one region to another according to the region characteristics .Based on the theoretical literatures and the hierarchy structure of the sustainable urban planning, a mathematical model was proposed for urban sustainability index, in which the sustainability values range from (1 to -1). After collecting, determining and normalizing indicators by GRA, a proposed mathematical index modelwas applied using a Microsoft Excel program in III VBA language(Visual Basic for Application) offered by the office programs. The research results reveal that: In terms of framework component weights, governance dimension in the first rank in nine governorates followed by economic, environmental and social respectively. The leading category of the governance dimension is "Citizen participation "and the leading indicator of that category is "Rates of voter participation". The leading category of the economic dimension is "Services & local government finance ".The leading indicators of the categories are "Loss in revenue as a result of power outages" and "Local government revenue".The categories leading of the environmental dimensions " Pollution of water and sanitation " and the leading indicator of that category is " proportion of centralized treatment of urban sewage ".The leading categories of the social dimension are "Education" and "health" and the leading indicators such categories are "The number of schools to population ratio" and "Enrollment rates", for education category and "The proportion of the provision of potable water in urban areas according to national standards ", for health category. In terms of SI, generally, urban sustainability in Iraqi governorates is low, where the maximum values are in Baghdad , Najaf followed by Al-Qadisiya with a SI of 0.303,0.288,0.215,respectively, while the governorates of Babylon, Al-Muthanna and Kirkuk occupies the last rank with a degree of 0.053,0.058,0.105, respectively. Finally, Indicators Management System for Sustainable Development of Urban Planning and an evaluation and improvement Procedures for Iraqi cities were suggested ,a set of conclusions and recommendations were reached and future research suggestions related to the research subject were proposed.

International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research

one of the main concerns of master planning is the proper designation of appropriate sites for feasible and sustainable land use. A main importance of such issue is that it withdraws attention to the necessity of adopting a multidisciplinary approach to the zoning and site selection problem, also Sustainability of urban areas has the highest priority worldwide and developing countries in particular. Fertile urban areas in Iraq are constantly deteriorating due to random urbanization. The use of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) was to explore best areas in the region. Sex sub-models were created for three themes using Spatial Analysis method and used as inputs to the final suitability model. These themes are: land resources, accessibility and cost of construction. A GIS-based model was designed following a sustainable development approach. Economic, social and environmental factors were introduced in the model to identify and map land suitable zones for urban development. The suitability index map for urban development was produced by weighted overlay of the three sub-models themes. The most Appropriate areas for urban development in Diwaniyah city amounted to 22.29 km2 representing 25 % of total area of new master plan, whereas the Less appropriate areas in Diwaniyah city amounted to 56.23 km2 representing 63 % of total area of new master plan, while the Inappropriate areas for urban development in Diwaniyah city amounted to 9.59 km2 representing 12% of total area of new master plan. .

Journal of the College of Education for Women, 2021

Several problems have emerged as a result of urban expansion or the connection of urban areas with rural areas. This process has led to the urbanization of rural areas, and to have overlapping edges and margins of areas, which were outside the basic design of the city. Accordingly, the present research assumes that the accelerating growth of Baghdad population has contributed significantly to the process of unplanned urbanization. Thus, the study aims to examine the factors that have led to an increase of urban sprawl at the expense of the agricultural land. The study has thus adopted the descriptive, analytical, and historical approaches relying on the simple linear regression method to predict the phenomenon of urban expansion and its impact on the agricultural land. It has also included illustrative maps used in the preparation of geographic information technology (GIS).The study has concluded that the events of Iraq after 2003, the absence of legal rules, weak legislation, and t...

Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2014

This paper adopts the problem of urban sprawl on agricultural land that has become a phenomenon affecting the national economy, the environment and the national food security. Firstly, urban sprawl will be defined then exploring the causes, effects, and its relationship with land use planning. It will point out to the Arabian and international experiences that have own policy in reducing this phenomenon, to take advantage from their experience and build on it to suit our own. Egyptian model was chosen to take advantage of scientific studies in the subject of urban sprawl and recommendations to reduce it, and the model of Canadian province of Ontario because their experience proven usefulness in reducing this problem in those areas. The paper sheds light on a local case in northern of Karak city, to present alive example of what is happening on the reality of agricultural lands in Jordan. The required analysis worked by using field survey, photographing, and aerial photographs from Google Earth, data and statistics collected from the Directorate of Agriculture in Karak and the municipality of Shihan. To explore the relationship between urban sprawl and environment, more analysis was done by (DPSIR) approach (Drivers, Pressures, State, Impacts, and Responses), which is based on the analysis of the relationship between cause and effect, linking development and human welfare to the environment.

Engineering and Technology Journal

AL-Shaab municipality faces many problems in the distribution of services)health centers, police stations, kindergartens and local markets(since these services are sometime concentrated in some of its regions and nonexistent in others. Moreover, distribution systems of these services do not adhere to planning criteria that are made consistent with population concentration and population growth, urban expansion and other resident's needs. The subject of this study is environmental and urban land use analysis for AL-Shaab municipality in Baghdad city. The main purpose is knowing the strong and poor regions of distribution facilities in study area depending on a planning standard and trying to find out a planning solution for poor regions to comply the municipality with a planning standard. The researchers of this work selected AL-Shaab municipality for this work, being one of the important parts in Baghdad city, because its location, its high density of population, large area of the city, faces large problems in its urban planning and residential areas should depend on planning standard to show the weak regions in AL-Shaab municipality. In this work, kindergarten, primary schools, intermediate and secondary schools, green zones, religious facilities, local markets, police centers, health centers and garages were studied. The results showed that there are a weakness distribution of kindergartens, police centers, local markets and health centers in the municipality, especially in 348 and 346 neighborhoods and a some weakness in other of facilities distribution in the other neighborhoods centers.

Abstract Land use distribution represents a major sustainable indicator. It has a cause and effect on transportation systems, time, power, and energy consuming, regarding the location of source and destination for each daily trip. Consequential, it affects the environment and the sustainable development planes.