The Organisation of Roman Military Timber-Supply
William Hanson1978, Britannia
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Abstract
Although there has been considerable scholarly interest in the nature of ancient cities, it has been difficult to identify and explore quantitative patterns in their design and amenities. Here, the authors offer a model for the relationship between the population size and infrastructural area of settlements, before testing it against measures of urban form in the Roman Empire. They advocate a more consistent approach to the investigation of settlements that is capable of not only incorporating sites with divergent physical forms and historical trajectories into the same model, but also able to expose their similarities and differences.
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Although there has been considerable scholarly interest in the nature of ancient cities, it has been difficult to identify and explore quantitative patterns in their design and amenities. Here, the authors offer a model for the relationship between the population size and infrastructural area of settlements, before testing it against measures of urban form in the Roman Empire. They advocate a more consistent approach to the investigation of settlements that is capable of not only incorporating sites with divergent physical forms and historical trajectories into the same model, but also able to expose their similarities and differences.
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In this work we try to identify if there exist specific patterns in the orientation of Roman towns and military settlements across the Roman Empire, and whether this can be explained by astronomy, as suggested in a number of ancient texts and latter discussed by contemporary scholars. In order to check if cosmology was present in the urban planning at Roman times we have analyzed the orientations of more than 250 Roman sites located in different regions, from the Roman West to the East, and is the largest dataset of this kind obtained so far. Our results present suggestive orientation patterns and point towards an astronomical intentionality, maybe by the integration of important dates of Roman and pre-Roman calendars into the urban layout.
Conference: Urban life and the built environment in the Roman world - Leiden, 7-9 December 2016
This conference builds upon recent and ongoing discourse in the study of Roman urbanism to explore the relation between architecture and society in the Roman world. While recent decades have seen spectacular developments in the theories and concepts that inform the study of Roman urbanism, not all spheres of urban life have profited equally, a lot of discourse has gravitated around a limited number of showcase sites (particularly Pompeii and Ostia), and there have been relatively few attempts to draw links with the world beyond Central Italy. This conference focuses on four spheres of activities—religion, politics, commerce, and movement—and brings together specialists focusing on several parts of the Roman world, with a particular focus on the more densely urbanized regions in the Mediterranean. Approaches will vary between micro-scale and more wide-ranging, and issues on the agenda particularly include the identification of regional trends, and the impact of urban development on local communities. Confirmed speakers include Touatia Amraoui, Marlis Arnhold, Eleanor Betts, Chris Dickenson, Elizabeth Fentress, Miko Flohr, Annette Haug, Patric-Alexander Kreuz, Simon Malmberg, Stephan Mols, Eric Moormann, Cristina Murer, Candace Rice, Amy Russell, Saskia Stevens, Christina Williamson, Andrew Wilson, and Sandra Zanella. A detailed program can be found below the break. PROGRAMME Wednesday 7 December Gravensteen (Pieterskerkhof 6), Room 1.11 I. Urban life between theory and practice Chair: Eric Moormann, Radboud University 14:15 – 14:45 Introduction: Urbanism, urban space, and urban life (Miko Flohr, Leiden University) 14:45 – 15:30 Multisensory approaches to Roman urban space (Eleanor Betts, Open University (UK)) 16:00 – 16:45 Emotion and the City: the example of Pompeii (Annette Haug, University of Kiel) 16:45 – 17:30 Rome – the Moving City: Approaches to the Study of Urban Space (Simon Malmberg, University of Bergen) Thursday 8 December Gravensteen (Pieterskerkhof 6), Room 0.11 II. Urbanism and the sacred Chair: Tesse Stek, Leiden University 10:00 – 10:45 Urbanizing the sacred landscape. Rural sanctuary complexes in Asia Minor (Christina Williamson, Groningen University) 11:15 – 12:00 Religion in the urbs: Defining the special case of Imperial Rome beyond the political centre (Marlis Arnhold, University of Bonn) 12:00 – 12:45 The Economy of the Sacred (Elizabeth Fentress, Rome). III. Landscapes and Citizens Chair: Luuk de Ligt, Leiden University 14:00 – 14:45 Topographical permeability and dynamics of public space in Roman Minturnae (Patric-Alexander Kreuz, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Amman) 14:45 – 15:30 Statues and public life in the cities of Roman Greece: Athens, Corinth and Messene (Chris Dickenson, University of Oxford) 16:00 – 16:45 Political space and the experience of citizenship in Republican Rome: monumentality, interpellation, and performance (Amy Russell, Durham University) 16:45 – 17:30 Female Citizens and Cityscaping in Africa Proconsularis (Cristina Murer, Free University, Berlin) Friday 9 December Gravensteen (Pieterskerkhof 6), Room 0.11 IV. Landscapes of Interaction Chair: Nathalie de Haan, Radboud University Nijmegen 09:30 – 10:15 The urban borderscape as an arena for social, political and cultural interaction (Saskia Stevens, University of Utrecht) 10:15 – 11:00 I risultati delle recenti indagini in una zona suburbana di Pompei. Per una rilettura del dato topografico (Sandra Zanella, Université Montpellier – Labex Archimede) 11:30 – 12:15 Roman roads as indicators of urban life: the case of the Via Appia near Rome (Stephan Mols & Eric Moormann, Radboud University Nijmegen) 12:15 – 13:00 The commercial landscape of Roman ports (Candace Rice, University of Edinburgh) Chair: Tyler Franconi, University of Oxford 14:00 – 14:45 Urban workshops in Roman Africa: location, ownership and management (Touatia Amraoui, Casa de Velázquez, Madrid) 14:45 – 15:30 Fora and commerce in Roman Italy (Miko Flohr, University of Leiden) V. Concluding Remarks & General Discussion Chair: Tyler Franconi, University of Oxford 16:00 – 16:20 Concluding Remarks (Andrew Wilson, University of Oxford) 16:20 – 17:00 General Discussion
New Light on the Commercial Landscape of Roman Cities: the Contribution of Non-invasive Survey
Flohr, Miko and Monteix, Nicolas (Eds.): Shops, Workshops and Urban Economic History in the Roman World: Panel 8.3, Heidelberg: Propylaeum, 2020 (Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World – Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Cologne/Bonn 2018, Vol. 42). , 2020
The cities of Pompeii, Ostia and Herculaneum have provided us with an exceptional image of Roman urban life. These cities have revealed an almost complete street network and sequence of buildings. Therefore, they turned out to be excellent case studies in the analysis of the spatial organization and functional zoning of Roman cities. Over the past decades the urban economy and the patterning of space of these cities has been investigated intensively. 1 Especially a paradigm shift in the study of Roman urbanism, the Spatial Turn, provoked a more detailed study of the spatial relationship between economic buildings and their urban environment. The study of the embedment of commercial and industrial infrastructure in the urban fabric became a hot topic. Distribution maps, that highlighted the spread of economic space in the city, were being created and compared to one another and in this way trends of urban zoning were exposed. 2 More recently, other sites have been taken into account as well. 3 However, cities that were mapped and visually reconstructed by means of non-invasive full coverage surveys, an integration of surface, geophysical, and topographical survey and aerial photography, have been left out of the picture almost completely, while the great potential of this approach for the study of Roman urbanism, and in particular for the evaluation of economic space, has been demonstrated sufficiently the past decades. In this article a full contribution of these non-intrusive techniques for the study of Roman urban economic space will be argued.
The main principles of Roman town planning.pdf
1 Word Count: 2, 409 Explain the main principles of Roman town planning (2nd and 1st century BCE).
Review: F. Yegül and D. Favro, Roman Architecture and Urbanism: From the Origins to Late Antiquity
Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians , 2021
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Stoger, H. (2009). Clubs and Lounges at Roman Ostia: The Spatial Organisation of a Boomtown Phenomenon (Space Syntax Applied to the Study of Second Century AD 'Guild Buildings' at a Roman Port Town)
Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, edited by D. Koch, L. Marcus and J. Steen, Stockholm: KTH.
Ostia, the harbour city of Rome, widely understood as ancient 'boomtown', offers one of the few archaeological sites, where the full complexity of Roman urban life can be explored. Despite extensive scholarly interest in Ostia's built environment, the city's spatial organisation has remained a neglected field, with only limited attention given to Space Syntax. To partly redress the balance, this study presents the results of a formal spatial analysis, applying Space Syntax methods to the spatial organisation of Ostia's guild buildings (scholae). These were constructed in the second century AD to accommodate the activities performed by Ostia's guilds, the so-called collegia. The latter were commercial, religious and social associations, organised on the basis of voluntary membership, such as clubs and private societies. Being an important driving element within the dynamic boomtown setting, the guilds potentially promoted their premises as prime locations for social interaction. A coherent sample of guild houses, all built within a period of 20 years, has been chosen for closer spatial analysis. The study applies an integrated approach to these buildings, combining aspects of Space Syntax at individual building level and at town plan level. The analysis sets out to contrast and compare the buildings and their supposed 'integrative' role as evidenced by ancient literary sources. To establish whether the architectural structures match the ascribed qualities,
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