A Clinical Study of Ocular Trauma

Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2019

Objectives: To assess the epidemiological, clinical profile, and risk factors of ocular trauma. Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective study conducted at a rural tertiary care center. All patients who reported with eye injury during the study period were included. A detailed history regarding the sociodemographic data and clinical setting of injury was obtained followed by examination of eye and adnexa. Results: The study comprised of 145 eyes of 129 patients. Males constituted 86.80%, the ratio of males to females being 6.6. Injury to right eye was common (48.1%). Road traffic accident (RTA) (79.8%) was the leading cause. Only 1.6% used eye protection. On presentation, 31.54% of the cases showed visual impairment grade 2-4. Closed globe injury was seen in 98 (67.57%) and open-globe injury in 4 (2.76%). Orbital fractures were noted in 13.79% and traumatic optic neuropathy in 6.21%. Majority (87.6%) suffered injuries to lid and lacrimal apparatus. Conclusion: Most ocular injuries in this rural population occurred from RTA; with associated injuries to the globe and orbit. Alcohol consumption and lack of eye protection are prominent associations that require social intervention.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Ocular trauma is a major cause of preventable visual impairment and blindness leading to permanent loss of vision and deterioration of quality of life. 90% of the injuries are preventable. Aim of the current study was to study the clinical profile of patients with ocular trauma at a tertiary care hospital in Southern Rajasthan. Current study was a cross- sectional, observational study was conducted at Geetanjali medical college and hospital, Udaipur.Methods: After taking a well-informed consent a generalized detailed history of 108 cases (123 injured eyes) was obtained. Assessment of best corrected visual acuity, near vision, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp evaluation and dilated fundus examination was carried out. Then injury was classified as per BETTS classification. Patients with corneal foreign bodies and chemical injuries were recorded separately. Imaging modalities like ultrasound B-scan, CT-scan and MRI were employed wherever required. Results: Number of males (9...

IOSR Journals , 2019

Aim: To identify the various types of ocular injury presenting in a tertiary hospital in northern India..Material & Methods: Hospital-based, retrospective study conducted over a period of one year. A total of 100 patients of ocular trauma were included. Results: Ocular injuries were more commonly seen in adult in age group 21-40 years (40 % ) patients who were involved in road side accident (42%). They were more common in male patients (64 % ). Closed globe injury (79 %) was more common than open globe injury (21 %) . 53 % of the patients had a visual acuity better than 6/60 at presentation; while after completed treatment at two months follow-up, 65 % had best corrected visual acuity better than 6/60. Conclusion: Blunt trauma following road side accident is most common cause of ocular injury in our population. The visual outcome depends upon the site and size of the injury and the extent of the ocular damage.

Australasian Medical Journal, 2013

Background Ocular trauma is a major cause of visual impairment and morbidity worldwide. Aims To identify the various type of ocular injury in a rural area, determine the presence of any associated visual damage and assess the final visual outcome after treatment. Method Hospital-based, prospective study conducted over a period of two years. A total of 60 patients of ocular trauma were included. Results Ocular injuries were more commonly seen in adult (55 per cent) patients who were associated with agricultural work (43.33 per cent). They were more common in male patients (71.67 per cent). Closed globe injury (68.33 per cent) was more common than open globe injury (31.67 per cent). Both in open and closed globe injuries, the commonest object causing injury was a wooden stick. Just 26.7 per cent of the patients had a visual acuity better than 6/60 at presentation; while after completed treatment at two months follow-up, 68.3 per cent had best corrected visual acuity better than 6/60. Conclusion Agricultural trauma is an important cause of monocular blindness in rural India. The visual outcome depends upon the site and size of the injury and the extent of the ocular damage.

Introduction: Ocular trauma is an important and yet preventable cause of visual morbidity especially among population in developing countries. Trauma is a significant cause of monocular blindness. Objective: To determine the pattern of ocular trauma, causative agents and visual outcome among patients presenting to emergency. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from April 2013-March 2014 on 400 patients with ocular trauma, presented to the emergency trauma centre at MLB medical college, Jhansi. Specially designed protocol was used to record the information based on the demographic data, nature and cause of injury. Informed consent was taken from all the patients. Data obtained were collected and analysed statistically by simple proportions. Results: Most common age group was 21-40 years (192 patients), among the pattern of ocular trauma laceration (62.7%) was found to be most common both in male and female patients, followed by peri-orbital haematoma (22.5%). The main causes were found to be work place injuries (32%) and road traffic accidents (28%). The common visual acuity observed on the affected eye on admission was <6/60-3/60 (43.7%) and <3/60 (27.2%). Conclusion: Public education and awareness program regarding health seeking behaviour for ocular injuries need to be conducted for improved outcome of ocular injuries.

Ophthalmology, 2006

To determine the prevalence of ocular trauma and proportion of blindness and visual impairment due to ocular trauma in a rural population of southern India.

IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd, 2017

Background: Ocular trauma is a major cause of preventable monocular blindness and visual impairment in the world. There is relatively less population based data on the magnitude and risk factors for ocular trauma, especially from developing countries. In an attempt to determine the pattern of ocular injuries in the region, this study was carried out. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between April 2014 and March 2015 at the SRM MCH & RC, a suburban tertiary care hospital at SRM university campus. All available demographic data with ocular history and eye findings of the patients visiting the hospital during the study period were examined and recorded. Results: Of 20,376 patients seen during the study period, 729 had at least one form of ocular trauma or the other. 82.44% were males while 17.56% were females. Mean age of the study group was 26.71 ± SD 11.04 years (range from 5yrs to 70 yrs.). The younger population between 11-40 years were most affected, of which 47.05% were from age group, 21-30yrs, as in TABLE 1. 45.54% of the trauma cases reported on the same day of injury, i.e. within 24 hours. In our study, 48.69% had visual acuity of 6/6-6/12. The most common cause of injury is work place related, 38.41%. Road traffic accident (RTA) 26.34% accounted second most common cause of the injuries followed by Sports 11.52% as in Table 4. Conclusion: In this study, blunt eye injury was the most common type of ocular trauma. The community should be educated and informed about the importance of preventive measures.

IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2017

Introduction: Eye injuries are important leading cause of acquired unilateral blindness in paediatric age group. The burden and pattern of ocular trauma in Northern India are poorly known. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological characteristics, profile of trauma, clinical presentation and visual outcome in study subjects. Materials and Methods: Present hospital based, observational study was conducted over a period of three years at the Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India. This study includes patients who are ≤ 15 years of age fulfilling the various inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the patients underwent for detailed workup according to the protocol. The follow-up period was about 6 months. Data regarding demographic profile, injury profile, clinical presentation, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors were analysed. Results: Out of 402 total cases of ocular trauma meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, 122 children ≤ 15 years of age were found as subjects for this study for which there were 77 (63.1%) boys and 45 (36.9%) girls. The ocular trauma was more prevalent (43.4%) in the age group of 11-15 years followed by 6-10 years of age group (36.9%). 84.4% of them were Hinduand 14.8% were Muslim. Majority (48.4%) of them belonged to rural background. The highest proportion of injuries occurred at home (48.4%) followed by school premises and playground (19.7% each). Maximum injury occurred during summer season (42.6%). Commonest non-occupational injury was sports related (58.2%) followed by domestic accidents (27%). Most common source of mechanical injury was vegetative materials / wooden objects (31.1%) followed by stone/brick (15.6%) and metallic objects (13.1%). Commonest non mechanical injury was cracker burn (10.66%). Only left eye was affected in 52.5%, right eye 40.2% while 7.4% had bilateral injury. 79.5% had isolated ocular injury rest had poly-trauma whereas out these, 49 (40.2%) & 42 (34.4%) were blunt object and sharp object. Of 131 injured eye 70 (53.4%) eyes had open globe injury. Most of the open globe injuries were in Zone-I (27.87%). 16 (13.1%) presented to hospital > 24 hours after injury. 54.10% were managed surgically and rest 41.80% were managed by conservative treatment. 65.6% children reported clinical improvement and 4.9% deteriorated while 24.6% were dropout cases. Conclusions: Children are more susceptible to ocular trauma. Male gender, teen age and rural background were determinants, associated with paediatric ocular trauma. Lack of regular follow-up indicates that need of awareness to be created among the parents, care takers and teachers. A safe environment should be maintained for children.

IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2018

Aim: To study the epidemiology of ocular trauma in a medical college hospital in North Karnataka region. Materials and Methods: Demographic data, detail history and ocular examination were done for all the patients who presented to our hospital between the periods of August 2016 to April 2017 with any ocular trauma. Data were collected and analyzed using Open- Epi software. Result: 104 patients presented to our hospital during the time period of 9months.The mean age of trauma was 32.78 with SD 16.97. Male ( 65.38%) were more affected than female(34.61%).57.69% were from rural and 42.3% were from urban. Ocular trauma mostly occurs between 30-50 years (41.3%). Home, road and field were the most common location of ocular injury. Foreign body, stick and lime were the most common offending agent. The association between age of ocular trauma and location of injury and occupation was clinically significant with p value 0.05 and 0.041 respectively. The association between gender and location of injury was clinically significant with p value 0.0013 but occupation and gender of ocular trauma was clinically not significant with p value 0.08. Conclusion: Considering the prevalence, middle aged men are more vulnerable to ocular trauma mostly while working at field or driving. Prognosis might be challenging. Appropriate education for eye protection and use of safety measures, would help in reducing ocular morbidity. Educating for timely treatment and intervention after injury is helpful for saving vision. Keyword: Epidemiology, Ocular trauma, Rural.

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare

BACKGROUND Ocular trauma is a major cause of preventable ocular blindness in the world. The present available data represents the tip of iceberg. The data pertaining to ocular trauma is just hospital based data which does not accurately represent the population at risk. The ocular morbidity may be disproportionate to the severity of injury. Though eyes represent only 0.21% of body surface area and 4% of facial area, they are the third most common trauma exposed areas after hands and feet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study group consisted of 341 patients who attended ophthalmology OPD with history of ocular trauma of whom 221 were males and 121 were females. The study was conducted over a period of one year. A complete anterior and posterior segment evaluation of all the patients was done. Other accessory ocular and systemic investigations wherever essential were done. RESULTS The ocular trauma was more common in males (64.52%) predominantly affecting patients of 20-40 years age group (36.07%). Most often the injuries were occupation related (73.90%) and the most common work related injury observed was extraocular foreign body in 134 patients (39.29%). Closed globe injuries were more common as compared to open globe injuries. Eyes with better visual acuity at presentation had better visual prognosis. Blinding trauma was observed in 29 patients (8.50%). CONCLUSION Ocular injuries are more commonly occupation related and mostly effect young males who are the main work force of our society. Stringent implementation of preventive norms in industries to all the workers and safety precautions during sports, driving need to be enforced.