Oral and Facial Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients

Saudi journal of oral and dental research, 2022

The new SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a worldwide emergency. It is recognized as a multiorgan disease and post-acute sequalae are seen in many systems. Many oral symptoms have been reported in relation to COVID-19. Cause-effect relationship between coronavirus and the appearance of such oral lesions still cannot be established. Immunosuppression state of positive cases could explain appearance of oral lesions. Oral hygiene is an aspect that should not be left aside, and it is of great importance to encourage the patient to reinforce hygiene techniques.

Acta stomatologica Naissi, 2021

Introduction:In addition to the characteristic clinical picture of respiratory infection, patients with COVID-19 can also be diagnosed with oral manifestations. Aim: The aim of this study was to review current literature for the prevalence of changes in the oral cavity i.e., the presence of oral symptoms in patients with COVID-19, in order to indicate that oral manifestations may occur due to viral infection with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Important information relevant to the study was obtained by searching the available electronic PubMed and Google Scholar database. Results: Oral lesions were found in different locations in patients with COVID-19: tongue mucosa (dorsum and lateral sides of the tongue), buccal mucosa, hard and soft palate, inner lip and gingiva. The most common were ulcerations in different parts of the oral cavity. It is still unclear whether oral lesions in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection were a consequence of the primary effect of the virus itself or a secondary manifestat...

Journal of Cellular Biotechnology

An important indicator of general health, well-being, and quality of life is oral health. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has been discovered to have a number of adverse effects. One of the earliest tissue areas to become infected by the virus and undergo alterations is the oral cavity. Oral manifestations included ulcer, erosion, bulla, vesicle, pustule, fissured or depapillated tongue, macule, papule, plaque, pigmentation, halitosis, white patches, haemorrhagic crust, necrosis, petechiae, swelling, erythema, and spontaneous bleeding. The tongue (38%), labial mucosa (26%), and palate (22%) were the three most typical sites of involvement. Aphthous stomatitis, herpetiform lesions, candidiasis, vasculitis, mucositis, drug eruption, necrotizing periodontal disease, angina bullosa-like, angular cheilitis, atypical sweet syndrome, and Melkerson-Rosenthal syndrome were suggested diagnoses for the lesions. In 68% of instances, oral lesions were symptomatic. There were almost equally as many o...

International journal of health sciences

Introduction- The continuum emerging viral diseases are a threat to mankind and moreover are a serious concern to the public health. The current lethal COVID‑19, a SARS‑CoV‑2 is a highly contagious disease, which propagated quickly all over the world. Similar to other influenza‑like viral infections, symptoms such as fever, dry cough, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, diarrhea, dyspnea, and fatigue were reported among COVID‑19 patients. Evidence suggests that the oral cavity is affected by this virus either directly or indirectly. Aim & Objective- The aim of this observational study was to determine the oral manifestations among COVID‑19 patients. Materials and Methods- A questionnaire‑based cross‑sectional study was carried out among the patients recovered from COVID‑19. A sample of 120 subjects, diagnosed as mild and moderate cases of COVID‑19 disease were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results-The study comprised an almost equal number of male (64%) and female ...

PLOS ONE

We reviewed the prevalence, the likely aetiopathogenesis, and the management of oro-facial mucocutaneous manifestations of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). English language manuscripts searched using standard databases yielded 26 articles that met the inclusion criteria. In total, 169 cases (75 females; 94 males) from 15 countries with a spectrum of COVID-19 severities were reviewed. Gustatory perturbations were prevalent in over 70%. Mucocutaneous manifestations were reported predominantly on the tongue, palate, buccal mucosa, gingivae, and lips and included ulcers, blisters, erosions, papillary hyperplasia, macules, glossitis, and mucositis. Ulcerative lesions, present in over 50 percent, were the most common oral manifestation. Lesions resembling candidal infections, with burning mouth, were prevalent in 19%. Petechiae and angina bullosa were generally seen, subsequent to COVID-19 therapies, in 11%. ...

SciDoc Publishers, 2021

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic before been declared asa Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The outbreak has affected more than 148 million people affecting the respiratory system, skin, and digestive system. Hence, the present study aims tofind the preponderance of oral manifestations of COVID-19and to suggest the management of those affected with the same. Method: In the present review, search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were used. Gray literature was also included by performing a manual search on Google Scholar. All the articles that were published till April 25, 2021, were included. The search keywords include: "Symptoms", "Oral Manifestation", "Mouth disease", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", and "India". Results: The most common oral manifestations are: sore throat (25.43%) followed by dysgeusia (27.84%). The other common symptoms are enanthema (58.5%), oral lesions (48.5%), and oral bleeding (22.95%). Chlorhexidine mouthwash, topical or systemic corticosteroids,normal saline gargling, and artificial saliva are used in managing the manifestations. Conclusion: Looking out and identifyingthe oral manifestation can help in timely diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.So, Therefore,it is important to include dentists in the multidisciplinary team assisting the COVID-19 patients.

Journal of Medical and Dental Practice

There has been a reported number of cases showing a wide variety of oral alterations with the potential of being associated with COVID-19. We present a case report of a 59-year-old female. The diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by a positive antigen test. The patient noticed an aphthous-like lesion on the right side of the lower lip that presented from the first day of the disease. The patient suffered also from headaches that became stronger; she had a sore throat, pain in both ears, dysgeusia, and anosmia. On the seventh day the patient felt stomach ache and nausea, with the lesion being most painful compared to the previous days. After the tenth day the aphthous-like lesion was not visible, but still painful. Two months later the lesion was no longer visible, but the patient still felt a concavity in the area when exploring it with her tongue. No pain or discomfort was described at this stage. A variety of oral lesions in SARS-CoV-2 disease have been reported in the literature. Regarding oral changes, usual clinical appearance described comprises aphthous-like lesions. Older age and severity of COVID-19 are the most common factors that predict severity of oral lesions. The exact aetiology and pathogenesis of oral changes in patients with this viral infection are not yet well known. More studies are required to elaborate and confirm the relationship between COVID-19 and the described oral manifestations of SARS-CoV-2.

Seven Editora eBooks, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a contagious disease that began in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. [1] COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The common clinical presentations of COVID-19 patients are fever, cough, myalgia, dyspnea, and anorexia. [2] The first entry point of the SARS-CoV-2 is the oral cavity before entering into the respiratory tract. [3] Currently, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been detected in the saliva of the COVID-19 patient. It has been confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which can be more sensitive than the nasopharyngeal test. [4] Furthermore, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 has been detected in the mucosa of the oral cavity and more densely on the dorsum of the tongue and salivary glands relative to the buccal mucosa and palates. [5] Certain factors of the patients aggravate the development of oral cavity lesions, such as older age of the patient, severity of the COVID-19 infection, lack of oral hygiene, stress, opportunistic infection, underlying diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive medication, immunocompromised disease, and trauma secondary to intubation. [6] Currently, there is a very smaller number of literature regarding oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients and these oral cavity lesions almost create more morbidities of the patients. There is a lack of robust epidemiological studies regarding oral manifestations of COVID-19 patients, which indicates that this clinical issue is neglected by patients and clinicians. Here,

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a threat to the global health caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The lungs are the primary site of infection in COVID-19 patient and the symptoms ranges from mild flu like manifestations to fulminant pneumonia and respiratory failure. COVID-19 infection also significantly affects the oral cavity and salivary glands with oral mucosal manifestations. Other than airway manifestations, COVID-19 patients are presenting with oral cavity lesions such as aphthous like ulcers, glossitis, oral mucositis or stomatitis, oral candidiasis and herpetic recurrences. These oral lesions are often associated with immunocompromised patients and elderly age. Direct involvement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for development of oral ulcers remains uncertain. The salivary gland related symptoms and taste disturbances are highly common in COVID-19 patients. In COVID-19 patient, certain presentations like ulcers or blisters or diffuse reddish lesions affect both keratinized and non-keratinized tissues of the oral cavity. These lesions are found in palate, lip mucosa, buccal mucosa and tongue. The ulceration and blisters of the oral cavity are more often seen. There is still a gap of knowledge related to the oral manifestations of the COVID-19 infections and its impact on the oral cavity. This review article discussed the details of the oral cavity lesions in COVID-19 patients.