Methods for the Racial and Ethnic Determination of a Person

This article is devoted to developing a recognition method of race and ethnicity of individual based on portrait photographs. The reference image is formed based on selected geometric points of the face and a special algorithm for calculating the characteristic parameters of the images available in the database. Next, the original image is compared with the reference images of ethnic groups, and thus, the affiliation of the original image to a specific ethnic group is determined.

The article describes the approaches for the racial and ethnic determination of a person. Ethnic belonging of any person is one of his groups of signs; hence, the need for its study may be due to a variety of reasons, such as the recognition of a person's face, creating identification card, making up the image of an unknown person, or of a missing person or suspected criminals, and so on.

this article is devoted to developing a recognition method of race and ethnicity of individual based on portrait photographs. The reference image is formed based on selected geometric points of the face and a special algorithm for calculating the characteristic parameters of the images available in the database. Next, the original image is compared with the reference images of ethnic groups, and thus, the affiliation of the original image to a specific ethnic group is determined.

The paper provides statistical analysis of the characteristic features used to determine racial and ethnic identity of a person basing on the images. Standard characteristic features of the persons of each ethnic group have been set accordingly. Characteristic features of random image have been compared with the characteristic features of standard image to determine belonging of a person to this or that racial and ethnic group. Comparing the characteristic features of the random image with the characteristic features of the standard image of each ethnic group, it is important to define the reliability of the interdependence between them. Note that, characteristic features of standard image were determined basing on the characteristic features of a real human face belonging to each ethnic group. The dependence was defined among the characteristic features of racial and ethnic standards set up according to the images with the characteristic features of a human face. A Fischer criterion was used to determine the dependence.

Among the various approaches for three-dimensional face recognition, methods based on ethnic facial features are more promising . Nevertheless, ethnic features applied for three-dimensional face recognition have been little studied .

2007

2004

We report the results of an experimental project that investigates the determinants of ethnic identifiability -that is, how well individuals can correctly categorize the ethnic backgrounds of the people they encounter. Drawing on a subject pool of ninety-six university students from seven different ethnic groups, we find ethnic identifiability to be more difficult than is often assumed. We find that three factors determine the ability of subjects to identify the backgrounds of others: the characteristics of the person being identified (in particular, his or her ethnic group membership), the characteristics of the identifier (in particular, the extent of his or her exposure to other ethnic communities), and the level of information that the latter has about the former. We also investigate the ability of individuals to "pass" as members of other groups, and to identify "passers." We find that "passers" are able to fool others roughly 45 percent of the time. Determinants of successful passing include the passer's ethnic group membership, age, and SAT score. Our findings challenge micro-level theories of ethnic politics that assume that individuals can readily distinguish in-group members from out-group members.

The European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 2019

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Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal

Face explicitly provides the direct and quick way to evaluate human soft biometric information such as race, age and gender. Race is a group of human beings who differ from human beings of other races with respect to physical or social attributes. Race identification plays a significant role in applications such as criminal judgment and forensic art, human computer interface, and psychology science-based applications as it provides crucial information about the person. However, categorizing a person into respective race category is a challenging task because human faces comprise of complex and uncertain facial features. Several racial categorization methods are available in literature to identify race groups of humans. In this paper, we present a comprehensive and comparative review of these racial categorization methods. Our review covers survey of the important concepts, comparative analysis of single model as well as multi model racial categorization methods, applications, and challenges in racial categorization. Our review provides state-of-the-art technical information concerning racial categorization and hence, will be useful to the research community for development of efficient and robust racial categorization methods.

2011

Humans are able to process a face in a variety of ways to categorize it by its identity, along with a number of other demographic characteristics, including race, gender , and age. Experimental results are based on a face database containing subjects. Race and gender also play an important role in face-related applications. Experimental results are indicated that participants categorized the race of the face and this categorization drives the perceptual process. A face image data set is collected from Internet, and divided into a training dataset and a test dataset. Experimental results based on a face database containing 250 subjects. The proposed system can also be applied to other image-based classification tasks.