Reimagining the Populism and Leadership of Miss Fatima Jinnah

Creation of Pakistan has generally been attributed to some prominent political leaders. While building historiography of the great movement; efforts, works and sacrifices of some provincial and local leaders or workers had been neglected or overlooked. Fatima Begum was one of such unsung heroes without whose efforts ML could not become strong-rooted organization among women of Punjab and NWFP. This study reveals that she was central figure to motivate the women of the Punjab and NWFP to be active in politics. Besides it, this study proves that she was a great humanitarian who had worked a lot to settle victims of Bihar riots 1946 and of migrant women victims of partition of the Punjab's episode. This paper has been produced on the basis of primary and secondary sources including some interviews of the students of Islamia College and of some followers of Fatima Begum. Archives of Pakistan Movement Workers Trust, Quaid-i-Azam Papers, magazines edited by Fatima Begum, newspapers and books are other important source material.

This is a review of SIkandar Hayat's awarding winning study of charismatic leadership and the rise and realization of the Pakistan Movement. The latest revised edition has been recently published by Oxford University Press.

Although many women participated in the Pakistan Movement (1937Movement ( -1947 with significant effect, their role is only incidentally considered in major monographs, and virtually unpublished in the realm of articles. This essay seeks to begin the redress of this oversight by focusing on the lives and works of three leading women of the Muslim League, and two who found its message appealing enough to leave India when Pakistan was established in 1947. Placing these women firmly within the theoretical discourse of the 'New Woman,' the essay reviews primary literature relevant to women's social reform in South Asia and the Muslim World more broadly, defines the understanding of womanhood represented by the five women in focus, and outlines their roles in and/ or understanding of the Pakistan Movement's ideals particularly concerning gender. It argues that understanding themselves as 'New Women' and the Pakistan Movement as their advocate, coupled with the alienation of South Asian Muslims at the hands of Indian and Hindu nationalist initiatives, most thoroughly explains Pakistan's appeal among the elite, educated Muslim women of the late colonial era.

The education review, USA, 2021

The aim of this research is to examine the novels of Pakistani writer Fatima Bhutto. Novels 'The Shadow of the Crescent Moon' (2013) and 'The Runaways' (2018) capture the concept of political imbroglios, traumas of war which the people of Tribal areas are still confronting and social radicalization respectively. The intention of this examination is to emphasize the working of politics, political imbroglios at social, political and personal level in the Tribal area; post 9/11 scenario in Mir Ali. The author captures our attention towards the understanding and reality of 'war on terror' and towards those who are facing its consequences-the worst victims-by drawing the political and social relationships and here lay the prejudicial and evil conflict flourish. Such type of fiction regarding 'war on terror' reveals the variety of ideological constructions concerning the problems. It also depicts the psychological and emotional disorders of the indigenous people suffering after 9/11 catastrophe. Bhutto in 'The Runaways' reveals the lives of three radical characters who in search of their identity and place in this world join the terrorist organizations. The incidents of 9/11 prompted considerable changes in global relations. It has influenced socio-political, external security and internal security both and monetary situations in Pakistan. The disputable issues like US drone strikes in Pakistan's tribal regions have prompted violence, extremism and terrorist attacks. Hence, the events of 9/11 brought an endless loop of destruction and terrorism in Pakistan with various impacts on the public and state.

Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses

In this essay I will look at the way in which Pakistan's founder, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, managed to lead Muslims without claiming to resemble them in any way. His heretical background, anglicized character, and sheer arrogance instead served to augment rather than detract from Jinnah's popularity, because he represented a politics based on novelty rather than heredity, artifice rather than authenticity. Muslim politics in colonial India was founded upon the rejection of blood-and-soil forms of nationality, which could only define the Prophet's followers there as a minority and not a nation. Pakistan therefore had to be fought for in the purely ideal terms of a political logic, whose iconic representation was to be found in the biography of the man hailed as its creator.

2021

Charismatic leadership emerges as a response to the political challenges. The life history of Benazir Bhutto also falls under the category of charismatic leadership as she displayed exceptional leadership qualities in the face of different personal and political challenges. In a predominantly patriarchal Pakistani society, she was confronted with the biggest of challenges of creating a space for female leadership. Therefore, this article is an attempt to explore, investigate and analyze the numerous socio-economic, political and geo-strategic challenges and responses of Benazir Bhutto as the Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988-90) to understand her leadership qualities which she displayed while she was in the office of Prime Minister. Moreover, different theories have also been applied to have a better understanding of Benazir Bhutto’s leadership qualities and administrative abilities. Furthermore, it encapsulates the civil-military relationship during the occasion of her first premier...

Annals of Human and Social Sciences, 2022

This qualitative study deals with the social and political status of 20 th century colonial Muslim women under the British Raj. The 20th century has witnessed many symbols of the struggle and progress of females in their socio-political and professional life. Many movements were initiated by indigenous people to address the women question; a number of reforms took place to enhance women status by British government. As a result, women emerged as professional ladies and participated with men in every field of life. At that time with many prominent Muslim women Fatima Jinnah also steps forward to empower Muslim Women of colonial India. After the establishment of Pakistan, as Madr e Millet, she continued her services to give power to women in their professions and their political participation in newly established country. She also had to face criticism from fundamental class of Pakistan but she continued her struggle till her death. The hurdles and problems for women to participate in politics due to the patriarchal social structure still exist in present time, which need to be addressed by political and constitutional reforms.

Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 2021

Media has stripped Muslim women of agency by promoting the stereotype of a "submissive" Muslim woman. My essay seeks to build a counter archive of wilful Muslim women by tracing the moves of Pakistan's former Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto. I argue that Benazir's wilfulness became a catalyst for collective action that not only overthrew a tyrannical regime, but also expanded the borders of possibilities for Muslim women. Using Sara Ahmed's theoretical construct of wilfulness, I develop three themes: how Benazir became a marked woman, how wilfulness spread amongst Pakistanis, and how Benazir's wilfulness empowered female leadership in the Muslim world. I conclude with some autoethnographic remarks on what Benazir's legacy means to me as a Pakistani Muslim woman.

Benazir Bhutto Chair, University of Karachi, 2023

People with the courage and ability to change the backward thinking of society can rewrite and make history. Instead of bowing down in front of time and circumstances, they turn them around by bearing the pain; those persons are known to be historians. This study is about the life of a personality who was born on the soil of Sindh. Her character was as unparalleled by her name Benazir. After the judicial murder of her father, she joined practical politics. Finally ended with her martyrdom in 2007. In the midst of this, how did she take the political struggle? Historical events will be studied impartially. This study aims to highlight the untold aspects of Benazir Bhutto's life. What kind of hardships did she bear? How she reorganized the party. How far have the people of the country consciously benefited from it? How did Benazir Bhutto get rid of martial law with her wisdom and intellectuality and put this country on the path to democracy?

UOS Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 2023

Populist mode of governance has remained a significant element of a democratic form of government. Unfortunately, democratic norms could not flourished well in developing polities. The same is the case for Pakistan where long authoritative military rules in the state. The period of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto is considered the first populist regime in Pakistan's political history. The paper attempts to analyze the governance under the premiership of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to ensure political development in the state. The study concludes that Bhutto was the first political figure who laid the foundation of populism in Pakistan. He adopted many fruitful strategies but they all proved short-term and cosmetic in nature. The real required efforts for political development could not be ensured.