Diffusion of calcium through dentin

European journal of dentistry

Studies about the dispersion of hydroxyl ions through dentin of endodontically retreated teeth are scarce. The present study aims at examining the diffusion of calcium hydroxide by recording the pH changes of retreated root canal using two types of calcium hydroxide preparations. A total of 45 recently extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolars were collected and cleaned from calculus and remains of periodontal tissue. The teeth so collected were stored in thymol 10% solution till use. During collection, teeth with cracks, open apices, and restorations were excluded. Root canal preparations were performed using Protaper rotary system files, till #F3 file. All canals were obturated using cold lateral condensation and zinc oxide-based sealer. After 7 days, all gutta-percha were removed and the canals were irrigated with normal saline. The teeth were then randomly distributed into three groups. Canals in Group I were kept empty without any dressing to serve as a negative contro...

Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society

Calcium hydroxide is currently the gold standard medicament. Still, it has the disadvantage of leavinga residue on the surface of the root canal wall. Hence, it can interfere with the setting time and adhesion of the sealermaterial to the root canal wall. This study aims to determine the ability of calcium ion diffusion in one-third of theroot canal after administration of nanohydroxyapatite medicament with a different vehicle than calcium hydroxide.This study used 24 mandibular premolars extracted, decorated, and prepared, then grouped into four treatmentgroups. Based on the paired T-test, the study results showed no significant effect of calcium ion diffusion in group B(p = 0.739) on the 7th and 14th days. The ANOVA test results showed no significant difference in calcium ion diffusion between groups A, B, and C. on the 7th day of testing (p=0.773) and the 14th day (p=0.661). In conclusion, there was no effect and difference in the diffusion of calcium ions in the apical third aft...

Brazilian Oral Research, 2009

This study aimed to evaluate the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes with different vehicles through dentinal tubules. The study was conducted on 60 extracted single-rooted human teeth whose crowns had been removed. The root canals were instrumented and divided into 4 groups according to the vehicle of the calcium hydroxide paste: Group I-distilled water; Group II-propylene glycol; Group III-0.2% chlorhexidine; Group IV-2% chlorhexidine. After placement of the root canal dressings, the teeth were sealed and placed in flasks containing deionized water. After 1, 2, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, the pH of the water was measured to determine the diffusion of calcium hydroxide through the dentinal tubules. The data were recorded and statistically compared by the Tukey test. The results showed that all pastes presented a similar diffusion capacity through dentin. Group IV did not present difference compared to group I. Group II presented difference compared to the other groups, as did Group III. In conclusion, groups I and IV presented a better diffusion capacity through dentin than groups II and III; 2% chlorhexidine can be used as a vehicle in calcium hydroxide pastes.

Jundishapur journal of natural pharmaceutical products, 2014

Intra canal medicaments are used to reduce the number of bacteria and reinfection in endodontic procedures. Calcium Hydroxide was introduced to endodontics by Herman as an intracanal antimicrobial agent. The aim of this study was to present an injectable formulation of calcium hydroxide then compare the final pH of this new formulation with Metapaste and evaluate the effect of a mixture of Calcium Hydroxide powder with water on human extracted teeth. A total of 49 extracted human single-canal roots without caries and visible microcracks were included in this study. The teeth were decoronated and length of teeth was measured 1 mm anatomic apex. The canals were prepared using step-back technique. A cavity was created in the middle third of the buccal surface of all roots. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups: Group A (n = 15): In this group the root canals were filled with a mixture of calcium hydroxide powder and distilled water. Group B (n = 15): Included roots that were...

Journal of Endodontics, 2007

To assess Calcium loss from root canal dentin following EDTA and Tetracycline -HCL Treatment with or without subsequent NaOCl Irrigation and evaluation of microhardness of dentin. Materials and methods: Si x ty f r eshl y ex tr ac ted si ngl e r o oted pr e mol ar s wer e sel ec te d. The teeth wer e sec ti o ned l ongi tudi nal l y i nt o two eq ual h al ve s al o ng the l ong ax i s u si ng D i a mon d di sc . Th e on e hal f of the spec i me n i s u se d f or the Cal c i um l oss eva l uati o n by I CP -AES tec hni q ue and the oth er o ne hal f wi th the ac r yl i c bl oc k i s u sed f or the mi c r o har dne s s study. The data was analysed u si ng One -way ANO VA and Po st H oc Tuc ke y te st. Results: The max i mu m c al c i um l o s s was ob ser ved i n G r oup V 17% EDTA +2.5% NaOCl (3.88 ± 0.30), foll owed by G r ou p I I I 17% ED TA (3.46 ± 0.43 mg/L), G r oup V I 1% Tetr ac yc l i ne HCl + 2.5% N aOCl (1.71 ±0.28mg/L), G r oup I V Tetr ac yc l i ne HCl (1.46 ± 0.29mg/L). G r ou p I d i sti l l ed water (0.17± 0.25mg/L) an d G r ou p I I 2.5% NaOCl ( 0.28± 0.05mg/L) had the l east c al c ium l o ss val ue wi th p < 0.001. Denti n M i c r ohar dnes s i n G r oup I (67.6 ± 1.70 VHN), G r oup I I (65.5 ± 3.57 VHN) G r oup I V and i n G r ou p V I ( 61.5± 1.09) sh o wed si gni f ic ant l y hi gher when c ompar e d to the mean val ues i n G r oup I I I (59.7 ± 4.3 mg/L) and i n G r oup V (55.2±2.53VHN) wi thp<0.001. Conclusion: Group V 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl r esul ted i n max i mu m Cal c i u m l os s, but ha s r e duc ed the mi c r ohar dne s s. But G r oup V I 1% Tetr ac yc l i ne H Cl + 2.5% NaOCl s ol uti on e ffec ti vel y r emo ved Cal c i um wi thou t muc h al ter i ng the mi c r ohar dn e ss of the r o ot denti n . K ey wor ds : Cal c i um, s pec tr o ph ot o metr y, i r r i gati on , mi c r ohar dne ss, r o ot de nti ne

Materials

Calcium hydroxide's anti-bacterial action relies on high pH. The aim here was to investigate hydroxyl ion diffusion through dentine under different conditions. Teeth were divided into control (n = 4) and four experimental groups (n = 10): Group 1-no medicament; Group 2-Calmix; Group 3-Calmix/Ledermix; Group 4-Calasept Plus/Ledermix; Group 5-Pulpdent/smear layer. Deep (inner dentine) and shallow (outer dentine) cavities were cut into each root. pH was measured in these cavities for 12 weeks. The inner and outer dentine pH in Group 2 was significantly higher than all groups. Inner dentine pH in Group 3 was slightly higher than that in Group 4 initially but subsequently comparable. After Day 2, Group 5 had significantly lower pH than Groups 3 and 4. The outer dentine pH in Group 3 started higher than that in Groups 4 and 5, but by Day 28 the difference was insignificant. The time for the inner dentine to reach maximum pH was one week for Group 2 and four weeks for Groups 3 and 4. The time for the outer dentine to reach maximum pH was eight weeks for all experimental groups. Mixing different Ca(OH) 2 formulations with Ledermix gave similar hydroxyl ion release but pH and total diffusion was lower than Ca(OH) 2 alone. The smear layer inhibited diffusion.

Journal of Endodontics, 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Ca 2+ and OH-diffusion properties through root dentin by using different calcium hydroxide (CH) dressing materials. Twenty-eight single-rooted teeth were instrumented and external defects were created on the root surface. 17% EDTA was used to eliminate the smear layer. All surfaces except the external defects were sealed, and the teeth were placed in normal saline. Ca 2÷ concentrations and the pH in the saline were determined for 3 days as the control period. After removing the teeth from normal saline, they were filled with: (i) DT Temporary Dressing CH; (ii) CH powder and normal saline; (iii) TempCanal; and (iv) CH points. The teeth were then placed in normal saline, and Ca 2+ concentrations and pH values were measured at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Nonsetting CH pastes gradually released Ca 2+, whereas this increase was absent from CH points. None of the test materials induced a pH increase in the media during the observation period. This study demonstrated that, when nonsetting CH pastes are applied to the root canal, diffusion of Ca 2+ without an increase in pH to the surrounding media occurs. This implies that these type of material are more suitable than CH points for treatment of external root resorption.

International Endodontic Journal, 2011

Khashaba RM, Moussa MM, Chutkan NB, Borke JL. The response of subcutaneous connective tissue to newly developed calcium phosphate-based root canal sealers. International Endodontic Journal, 44, 342-352, 2011.

Brazilian dental science, 2018

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences

Aim: To compare the influence of two methods of agitation of endodontics irrigants, by diffusion of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] through the dentinal tubules, measuring the pH of the medium where they were kept. Methods: Twenty mandibular incisors were prepared using a WaveOne Gold Large file, in a reciprocating movement, and then divided into (n = 10): gutta-percha cone (GPC) or Easy Clean system (ECS) agitation of 1% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The specimens were filled with Ca(OH)2 paste, placed in flasks with 4 mL of deionized water, and stored in an incubator. The pH was read using a digital pH meter immediately after storage (T0), after 7 (T1), 14 (T2), 21 (T3), and 35 (T4) days. Results: Statistical difference between groups was observed regardless of the day pH was measured (p &lt; 0.01). From T2 on, ECS presented higher pH values in comparison with GPC, with significant difference (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Agitation of endodontic irrigants w...