Lubricant test methods for sheet metal forming

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to assess lubricating performances of selected locally produced vegetable oil-based lubricants with a view to utilizing them as a possible alternative to petroleum-based lubricants in metal-forming processes. Design/methodology/approach -The ring compression testing and twin disks upsetting testing methods were employed. Findings -The results obtained from these two tests showed that the red palm oil performed better than others at room temperature, followed by sheabutter oil, while palm kernel oil performed the least. High-temperatures compression ring tests gave sheabutter oil lower values of friction coefficients than red palm oil. Research limitations/implications -Further work should be done on numerous vegetable oil-based lubricants. Also those that show promising performance could be further investigated with locally available additives. Practical implications -These are numerous since increase in environmental interest has resulted in a renewed interest in vegetable oil-based lubricants. Originality/value -The research work has broken new ground in finding applications for environmentally friendly lubricants in various areas of metalforming processes.

Journal of ISAS, 2023

Lubricants are available in our daily lives for functioning as coolants, to dissipate heat and lubricate different surfaces which can be either in solid, liquid or gaseous forms. It reduces friction by the formation of thin film between two surfaces in contact and by improving efficiency and reducing wear. For any system to work efficiently and effectively appropriate lubricant is needed. Fresh lubricating oil needs to meet specifications of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). Applying lubricant regularly on tool increases life on usage and durability but a situation comes when the oil starts degrading may be due to depletion of additives or tool break down. Degraded oil is tested by using different physicochemical properties and also by employing different sophisticated analytical techniques like infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas chromatography (GC), Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES), etc. In this article, we shall discuss some basics of lubricat...

Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

The purpose of this article is to determine the coefficient of friction of a DC04 steel sheet using a specially designed flat-die strip drawing test. Four different bio-based lubricants, edible (sunflower and rape-seed) and non-edible (karanja and moringa) were used in the study. The experiments were carried out for different contact pressure values. The as‐received specimens were pre‐strained with strains of 7, 14, and 21%. The values of the coefficient of friction as a ratio of the friction force to the normal force were determined. The influence of the viscosity of the lubricant and the contact pressure on the value of the coefficient of friction has been investigated using ANOVA. A tendency to a decrease in the coefficient of friction with increasing contact pressure was observed. Significance results obtained after the ANOVA analysis confirmed the influence of normal pressure and oil viscosity on the value of the coefficient of friction. At the same time, the hypothesis about t...

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 2008

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to assess lubricating performances of selected locally produced vegetable oil-based lubricants with a view to utilizing them as a possible alternative to petroleum-based lubricants in metal-forming processes. Design/methodology/approach-The ring compression testing and twin disks upsetting testing methods were employed. Findings-The results obtained from these two tests showed that the red palm oil performed better than others at room temperature, followed by sheabutter oil, while palm kernel oil performed the least. High-temperatures compression ring tests gave sheabutter oil lower values of friction coefficients than red palm oil. Research limitations/implications-Further work should be done on numerous vegetable oil-based lubricants. Also those that show promising performance could be further investigated with locally available additives. Practical implications-These are numerous since increase in environmental interest has resulted in a renewed interest in vegetable oil-based lubricants. Originality/value-The research work has broken new ground in finding applications for environmentally friendly lubricants in various areas of metalforming processes.

Automotive Lubricants and Testing, 2012

2020

Lubricants are substances placed between two movable surfaces or a fixed and a movable one, forming a protective film whose main function is to reduce friction, wear, temperature and sealing of machine and motor components, and may also be a force transmission agent And movement. Therefore the objective of this work is to contribute to the construction of materials on the subject, aiming to analyze the types of lubricants, their characteristics, as well as the innovation in the sector. Thus, the applied methodology is mainly a literature review followed by an analysis. It should be noted that each type of lubricant is important for different types of equipment but is not yet in the state of the art and new technologies such as liquid crystal must be developed, which is highly efficient but still has a very high cost.

Advances in Materials Sciences, 2023

In sheet metal forming processes, friction increases the force parameters of the forming process and produces a deterioration in the quality of the surface of the components. The basic way to reduce the unfavourable impact of friction is to lubricate the sheet metal surface with commercial oils. This article presents the results of experimental studies and analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the friction of DC01 low-carbon steel sheets using a strip drawing test. For these tests, a special device was built containing countersamples with a flat surface made of 145Cr6 steel covered with a protective AlTiN coating. Lubricants of different viscosities were fed into the contact zone under forced pressure. The effect of contact pressure on the value of the coefficient of friction was also determined. The predicted R² of 0.9227 was in reasonable agreement with the adjusted R² of 0.9411 confirming that the ANOVA model was reliable. It was found that increasing the lubricant pressure had a beneficial effect in reducing the value of the coefficient of friction. The higher the contact pressure, the more effectively the pressurised oil reduced the value of the coefficient of friction.

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Lubricants

Lubrication is a basic and relatively effective way to reduce friction in sheet metal forming operations. The drive to eliminate synthetic and mineral oils, which are difficult to recycle, from the manufacturing process has opened up opportunities for the use of vegetable-based bio-lubricants. This article presents a comparison of the lubrication performance of two non-edible oils (karanja and moringa) with the most frequently tested edible oils (sunflower and rape-seed). Deep drawing quality low-carbon steel sheets DC04, commonly used in the automotive industry, were used as the test material. Friction tests were carried out under various lubricants and normal pressures in the range between 3 and 12 MPa using the strip drawing test. Furthermore, a study was also made of the effect of a change in the surface topography and the mechanical properties of the sheet metal due to plastic deformation resulting from friction. It was found that under the most favorable lubrication conditions...

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2001

Iron wire drawing processes involve the use of solid lubricants made of powdered raw materials, which lead to industrial wastes after being used. These wastes, based on stearates, have a negative effect on the environment. This study deals with the environmental assessment of some lubricants before and after the wire drawing process in a Spanish factory. The parameters evaluated for this study have been total organic carbon (TOC), mobility of zinc and lead, and ecotoxicity (EC(50)). Results show that wastes have more ecotoxicity than the original lubricants due to the content of metals that lubricants pick up from the wire, as pickling, patenting and galvanising take part in the manufacture. The capture of metallic particles leads to a reduction of TOC and an increase in ecotoxicity.