The Role of GNSS-RTN in Transportation Applications

This paper reviews several prevalent formats that are used to transmit GNSS data in real-time. This work has initiated from the research on real-time quality control for Network RTK positioning which aims to independently assess the positioning quality of users performing NRTK surveys. To achieve this purpose, raw observation data from the mobile users needs to be acquired in real-time to be quality assessed. Initially it was intended to use international standard such as RTCM-3 for this purpose, however it was discovered that most current generation GNSS receivers do not support RTCM-3 from a receiver in rover mode. Hence it was necessary to acquire and implement the various binary formats used by different GNSS manufactures. This paper provides a detailed overview of several of these formats. Different formats are examined in terms of their message structure, efficiency, and bandwidth usage. The issue of bandwidth is particularly important as the advent of multiple satellite constellations will see the number of observations (and as a result bandwidth) increase substantially.

Tehnicki Vjesnik-technical Gazette, 2018

The on-going developments in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology affect techniques in geographic information and associated documents. The national Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) networks, which operate on the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) principle, are multi-purpose geodetic networks and offer services to a large portion of society including all the public institutions and other organizations, military and civilian users and to scientific researchers. It is possible to utilize these networks both in real time positioning applications using the Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) method and in static applications using the Receiver Independent EXchange (RINEX) format data from reference stations. In this study, Virtual Reference Station (VRS) and static GNSS measurements were undertaken based on a Continuously Operating Reference Station-Turkey (CORS-TR) network in a test network established in Turkey. As a result of the measurements, repeatability att...

VTC Spring 2008 - IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2008

Hybridization is a hot topic in the location field. Since there is no universal location technique that is capable of positioning in indoor and outdoor environments, two or more techniques must be coupled to produce a complete location solution. Accordingly, information on the availability of each of the techniques being coupled is of great relevance in the design and implementation stages of the location system. In public cellular networks, this coupling usually involves a terrestrial triangulation technique (e.g. E-OTD, OTDOA) and a GNSSbased technique (e.g. A-GPS). The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it presents a software tool developed for studying the availability of location systems in certain environments, which is able to capture and present information on the availability of satellites in the NAVSTAR constellation (i.e. GPS) and the GSM/GPRS base stations being received in the user terminal. Secondly, it studies the coverage of these techniques using the tool described. Availability data for three routes in an urban environment are gathered and analyzed. In two of them, GPS did not cover 100% of the route, which demonstrated the need to couple the technique with another terrestrial technique to cope with the "dark" areas.

Journal of Global Positioning Systems, 2009

This paper presents an overview of technical solutions for regional area precise GNSS positioning services such as in Queensland. The research focuses on the technical and business issues that currently constrain GPS-based local area Real Time Kinematic (RTK) precise positioning services so as to operate in future across larger regional areas, and therefore support services in agriculture, mining, utilities, surveying, construction, and others. The paper first outlines an overall technical framework that has been proposed to transition the current RTK services to future larger scale coverage. The framework enables mixed use of different reference GNSS receiver types, dual-or triple-frequency, single or multiple systems, to provide RTK correction services to users equipped with any type of GNSS receivers. Next, data processing algorithms appropriate for triple-frequency GNSS signals are reviewed and some key performance benefits of using triple carrier signals for reliable RTK positioning over long distances are demonstrated. A server-based RTK software platform is being developed to allow for user positioning computations at server nodes instead of on the user's device. An optimal deployment scheme for reference stations across a larger-scale network has been suggested, given restrictions such as inter-station distances, candidates for reference locations, and operational modes. For instance, inter-station distances between triple-frequency receivers can be extended to 150km, which doubles the distance between dualfrequency receivers in the existing RTK network designs.

Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2011

Recent and ongoing technical advances in uses of the Global Positioning System (GPS), combined with decreasing equipment and data acquisition costs, portend rapid increases in accessibility of data from expanding global geodetic networks. GPS is an example of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that provides an essential complement to other geophysical networks because of its high precision, sensitivity to the longest period bands, ease of deployment, and its ability to make measurements of displacement that are local to global in scale. Scientists and the public will soon have access to high-rate, continuous data streams and event-specific information within seconds to minutes rather than days or months. The availability of these data present opportunities to observe Earth system processes with greater accuracy and detail. Recently, members of the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory Advisory Committee authored a white paper that discusses the expected future scientific value of real-time GNSS information.

Academia, Industry and Government are investigating the reliability to use the real time kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techniques for centimetre level positioning of many existing and emerging applications. These include for instance mobile mapping and airborne laser scanning systems. The classical RTK methodology allows for an operational distance between the reference station and the user, within a range of 10-15 kilometres, due to the effect of correlation of some GNSS errors which tend to increase with distance. The adoption of a network-based RTK (NRTK) allow to extend centimetric level positioning within continuously operating reference station network (CORS) with separation distance up to 70 kilometres. One of the research aim was to evaluate the positional accuracy of the GNSS NRTK for mobile mapping applications. In order to understand the potentiality and the limitations of this methodology a testing procedure was designed using the BO-POS Network, established in 2003 in an area within Emila-Romagna, Marche e Toscana. From an operational point of view, a double antenna system was mounted on board of a vehicle also equipped with three dual frequency receivers capable of NRTK positioning. In order to investigate the GNSS NRTK positional accuracy for mobile mapping system applications a least square-based algorithm was developed to determine a reference trajectory. This paper describes the Bologna CORS network, the testing procedure adopted and details the algorithm based on a constrained least square adjustment of the phase centres' coordinates of the 2 antennae. The positional accuracy of the NRTK path will be finally assessed by comparing the results of the NRTK trajectory with post processed adjusted one. Mean -0.24 m Min -0.98 m Max 0.37 m St.d. 0.16 m

Global Positioning System or GPS is a satellite navigation system mounted on space to provide location as well as time information at any section of the earth that has no obstruction in the GPS satellite line of sight (Cunningham 1). GPS technology has advanced and continues to advance very fast with new models being developed each year to correct challenges experienced in order versions. Furthermore, GPS technology continues play an active role in the modern engineering as evident in the wide range of applications that it has been proved to be of immense help and contributions. In this review of literature, the active role played by GPS in modern engineering shall be discussed in detail, particularly as regards to the various fields in which this technology has been applied. The literature review will address: Integration of GPS and Geographical Information System (GIS; application of GPS in traffic studies and other applications such as probe vehicles, management of traffic Congestion and traffic volumes; attitude determination using GPS, particularly noise analysis in attitude determination using GPS; GPS for intelligent vehicle-highway systems; geometric modeling of highways using GPS; and GPS for parallel load flow analysis. The GPS positioning and navigation using GPS (Global Positioning System) where explored, GPS is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS receiver in the areas of precise positioning, mapping locations, navigating across the mapped locations very easily. The purpose of this paper is to showcase the experiences that incurred in designing a positioning and navigation system (GPS), which can be used as a moving compass, steering to any mapped destination, providing the information about near by places, tourist attractions, petrol bunks etc.

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays a more and more important role in our society, especially in traffic field. In road traffic network, there are many applications of GNSS. For example, taxi, car rental companies, and shipping companies use GPS technology to track their vehicles and dispatch them reasonably and efficiently. Therefore, these companies can decrease costs and response to their customer quickly. Meanwhile, many traffic construction projects rely more and more on Global Positioning System (GPS) because of its high level of precision. It is mainly used to establish various road engineering control network and measure the control points, etc. Road builder use GPS devices scaling a map and estimating parameters such as slope and turning angle of a road which is important in road construction. This paper will talk about the application of GNSS in traffic field from two aspects: traffic navigation and road construction.

author - @unknown

1984

IntroductionA The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) is a joint service space-0 based radio navigation network of the U. S. Department of Defense with the CAir Force as the executive service. The system, which will be fully operational in the late 1980's, has evolved from Air Force and Navy programs S initiated in the mid-1960's. GPS will provide accurate time and three 'dimensional position and velocity information to users anywhere in the S world, including those in near-earth orbits. The (real-time) navigation position determinations will be based on satellite-to-user transit times of modulated microwave signals broadcast by the GPS satellites. For navigation, the capability for absolute positioning on the order of 200 m or better will be made available for general civil use. (Reference is Federal Radio Navigation Plan dated June 1980.) The highest accuracy three dimensional navigation capability, on the order of 16 m, will be made available to U. S. Government agencies and to qualified U. S. commercial Cusers where proper security measures can be established. Even higher C-) accuracy relative geodetic positioning capability, on the order of 1 to 10 cm (depending on the baseline lengths), will be attainable by radio interferometric (differential phase) techniques which will be available for general civil use. Achieving these high geodetic accuracies requires continuous simultaneous observations for up to two or three hours at 4A 20. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT