Agglomeration Economies and Rural-to-Urban Migration in India

The study presents a concurrent scenario of migration that is ongoing in India. Post independent India witnessed several transformations in various sectors. Due to unequal development and the indifferent attitude of development agencies and the Government, a considerable proportion of the rural population has immigrated to the urban places in search of better opportunities resulting in many problems such as unidentifiable population groups and slum formation. Migration from rural to urban has changed the nature and proportion of population and its supportive systems. The paper is based on Indian Census data from 1901-2001. It has been found that there is a strong association between industrialization and in-migration. Haryana state has emerged as a new and popular choice for the immigration, and Maharashtra state is the second most favourite destination by the out- migrants. By looking at the trend of the population growth it can be projected that the future population of Mumbai will be about 20 million in year 2011, while Delhi will have approximately more than 15 million inhabitants in the same year. Apart from these, many other newly emerged cities, because of industries and other comparatively better human sustainable facilities are witnessing rapid population growth.

2017

The present paper tries to investigate the relevant determinants of rural to urban migration in large agglomerations/cities in India. OLS regression analysis is used in this paper to analyse data pertaining to 51 large cities in India by using data from Census of India and unit level data of National Sample Survey (NSS) on employment and unemployment and consumption expenditure data. The OLS regression results show that city-wise employment and unemployment situation (measured by male self employed, not in labour force male, male casual labourer) have a negative impact on city level rural to urban migration. The level of poverty (measured by poverty head count ratio) and inequality conditions (measured by Gini coefficients) of a city also has a negative impact. However, infrastructure condition (availability of total number of electricity connection) of a city has a positive impact on city-wise rural to urban migration. Economic conditions also matters higher level of rural to urban...

Disparity of development between rural and urban areas pushes the rural people towards urban areas. The poverty induced rural-urban migration has increased urban poverty, slums, crime inequalities and exploitation and, over all, degradation of urban life on one hand, and on the other hand supply region Rural areas have failed to upgrade their livelihood. Among all of the migration streams, intra-state migration dominates interstate, migration is male dominated and economically motivated. Statewise migration data do not show any direct relationship between economic development of the state and their rural-urban migration. Analysis of the size growth reveals that hierarchy of urban centers and their settlement distribution have become highly skewed over time and imbalance and inequalities reached their highest form within the centers according to their size. Large metropolitan cities have grown unparallel at fast rate. Large groups of landless, unskilled, illiterate people from rural economy leave their home and go to the cities or large towns like Mumbai, Delhi. The rural migrants do not prefer to go to neighbouring small towns because their absorption capacity is limited.

International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 2009

Based on the recent census data this paper analyses the district level rural to urban migration rates (both intra-state and the interstate) among males and females separately. Both the rates are closely associated irrespective of whether the migrants originate from the rural areas within the state or outside the state. This would suggest that women usually migrate as accompanists of the males. Though many of the relatively poor and backward states actually show large population mobility, which is primarily in search of a livelihood, the mobility of male population is also seen to be prominent in the relatively advanced states like Maharashtra and Gujarat. Rapid migration of rural females within the boundaries of the states is, however, evident across most of the regions. The social networks, which play an The Institute of Developing Economies (IDE) is a semigovernmental, nonpartisan, nonprofit research institute, founded in 1958. The Institute merged with the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) on July 1, 1998. The Institute conducts basic and comprehensive studies on economic and related affairs in all developing countries and regions, including Asia, the

Migration has various dimensions; urbanization due to migration is one of them. In Rajasthan State, District level analysis of urbanization due to migrants shows trend invariably for all the districts of the state though the contribution in urbanization by the migrants varies from district to district. In some districts the share of migrants moving to urban areas is very impressive though in others it is not that much high. The migrants’ contribution in urbanization is on the rising over the decades. In this paper district level migration in the Rajasthan state is examined in relation to total urbanization and urbanization due to migration.

Indian Journal of Spatial Science, 2024

According to the 2011 census, 34 percent of the total population of Haryana are living in urban areas. However, the level of urbanization is not uniform all over the districts. This paper, based primarily on census data, tries to explore the levels, geographical patterns, and speed of urbanization and various components of urban growth in Haryana. As the state is one of the economically developed states of India and has experienced a significant transformation in its economy; census data shows an emerging pattern of urbanization in the state. The level of urbanization is analyzed by the percentage of urban population and urban growth has been calculated by an exponential rate of growth. The analysis reveals that Faridabad, Panchkula, Panipat, and Gurgaon are the most urbanized districts and natural increase is the foremost component of urban growth in the state. The contribution of migrants in urban growth is mainly by those who moved for work/employment and with household. The study suggests that policymakers should focus on emerging urbanized districts and classes of urban centers to provide basic civic amenities to its residents.

People migrate to different distances and there migration is governed by different reasons. Distance of place of migration plays an important role in the migration process and an analysis based on the remoteness of the origin and destination will reveal the push and pull factors in more explicit way. However, a common phenomenon is that people do migrate to a longer distance with a more focused objective and there propensity to settle in urban areas is always higher than the small distance migration.

Asian Population Studies, 2009

The recent migration data from 64th round NSSO (2007-08) and census 2011 shows rapid increase in internal migration in India. The migration rate (proportion of migrants in the population) in the urban areas (35 percent) was far higher than the migration rate in the rural areas (26 percent). Among the migrants in the rural areas, nearly 91 percent have migrated from the rural areas and 8 percent from the urban areas: where as among the migrants in the urban areas, 59 percent migrated from the rural areas and 40 percent from urban areas. Hence rural-urban migration plays a very significant role, so far as migration stream is concerned.

Migration plays an important role in urbanization of a state. In general more the migration higher the urbanization rate though it many not necessarily true in all the situations but in general it is witnessed that migration have a fairly large share in urbanization. A district level analysis for Rajasthan state is attempted to comprehend Urbanization due to migration their interlinkages and association.