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2019, SciPost Physics Proceedings
This report summarizes the present status of neutrino non-standard interactions (NSI). After a brief overview, several aspects of NSIs are discussed, including connection to neutrino mass models, model-building and phenomenology of large NSI with both light and heavy mediators, NSI phenomenology in both short- and long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, neutrino cross-sections, complementarity of NSI with other low- and high-energy experiments, fits with neutrino oscillation and scattering data, DUNE sensitivity to NSI, effective field theory of NSI, as well as the relevance of NSI to dark matter and cosmology. We also discuss the open questions and interesting future directions that can be pursued by the community at large. This report is based on talks and discussions during the Neutrino Theory Network NSI workshop held at Washington University in St.~Louis from May 29-31, 2019
2018
Precision measurements of the neutrino mixing parameters, made over the past few decades has significantly shortened the list of unanswered questions in the standard scenario to just the issues of the neutrino mass hierarchy i.e., sign(δm31), the CP phase and the correct octant for the mixing angle θ23. While the simplest way to generate neutrino masses is to add right handed neutrino fields to the Standard Model (SM) particle content, it is hard to explain their extreme smallness. Several scenarios going beyond the SM have been proposed to this end, often tying up with other unanswered questions such as (electroweak) leptogenesis [1, 2], neutrino magnetic moments [3–6], neutrino condensate as dark energy [7, 8]. An agnostic alternative is to add dimension-five terms consistent with the symmetries and particle content of the SM, which naturally leads to desired tiny Majorana masses for the left-handed neutrinos. Irrespective of the approach, once new physics is invoked to explain th...
2009
In this talk, I will review non-standard interactions in neutrino physics, especially I will emphazise the impact of non-standard interactions on neutrino oscillations. First, I will give a brief introduction about non-standard interactions and what they are. Then, I will present what has been performed in the literature, what I have done in the field, and what could be done in the fiiture. Next, I will discuss how important non-standard interactions are for neutrino cross-sections. Finally, I will give a summary of the field.
2009
I report some progress that occurred since NO-VE 08 in the field of non-standard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos. After briefly reviewing theoretical developments, I give a summary of the two works in which I was involved. Firstly, we have formulated a perturbative framework to illuminate the global features of neutrino oscillations with NSI, aiming at exploring method for determination of the standard mixing and the NSI parameters. We have recognized that the parameter degeneracy prevails with an extended form which involves the NSI elements. Furthermore, a completely new type of degeneracy is shown to exist. The nature of the former degeneracy is analyzed in detail in the second work. The work is primarily devoted to analyze the problem of discriminating the two CP violation, one due to the lepton Kobayashi-Maskawa phase and the other by phase φ of the NSI elements. We have shown that the near (3000 km)−far (7000 km) two detector setting in neutrino factory does have the discrimination capability and is sensitivities to CP violation due to NSI to |ε eµ | to ≃ several ×10 −4 in most of the region of δ and φ eµ. a Written version of a talk presented at XIII International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes,
Nuclear Physics B, 2016
We explore the effects of non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) and how they modify neutrino propagation in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). We find that NSI can significantly modify the data to be collected by the DUNE experiment as long as the new physics parameters are large enough. For example, If the DUNE data are consistent with the standard three-massive-neutrinos paradigm, order 0.1 (in units of the Fermi constant) NSI effects will be ruled out. On the other hand, if large NSI effects are present, DUNE will be able to not only rule out the standard paradigm but also measure the new physics parameters, sometimes with good precision. We find that, in some cases, DUNE is sensitive to new sources of CP-invariance violation. We also explored whether DUNE data can be used to distinguish different types of new physics beyond nonzero neutrino masses. In more detail, we asked whether NSI can be mimicked, as far as the DUNE setup is concerned, by the hypothesis that there is a new light neutrino state.
2019
Non-standard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter mediated by a scalar field would induce medium-dependent neutrino masses which can modify oscillation probabilities. Generating observable effects requires an ultra-light scalar mediator. We derive a general expression for the scalar NSI using techniques of quantum field theory at finite density and temperature and discuss various limiting cases applicable to the neutrino propagation in different media, such as the Earth, Sun, supernovae and early universe. We also analyze various terrestrial and space-based experimental constraints, as well as astrophysical and cosmological constraints on these NSI parameters, applicable to either Dirac or Majorana neutrinos. By combining all these constraints, we show that observable scalar NSI effects, although precluded in terrestrial experiments, are still possible in future solar and supernovae neutrino data, and in cosmological observations such as cosmic microwave background and big ba...
Proceedings of The International Conference on Beyond Standard Model: From Theory To Experiment
We explore the complementarity between LHC searches and neutrino experiments in probing neutrino non-standard interactions. Our study spans the theoretical frameworks of effective field theory, simplified model and an illustrative UV completion, highlighting the synergies and distinctive features in all cases. We show that besides constraining the allowed NSI parameter space, the LHC data can break important degeneracies present in oscillation experiments such as DUNE, while the latter play an important role in probing light and weakly coupled physics undetectable at the LHC.
Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, 1997
A brief sketch is made of the present observational status of neutrino physics, with emphasis on the hints that follow from solar and atmospheric neutrino observations, as well as cosmological data on the amplitude of primordial density fluctuations. I also briefly review the ways to account for the observed anomalies and some of their implications.
Physical Review D, 2016
We consider the possibility of an interaction in the dark sector in the presence of massive neutrinos, and study the observational constraints on three different scenarios of massive neutrinos using the most recent CMB anisotropy data in combination with type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, and Hubble parameter measurements. When a sterile neutrino is introduced in the interacting dark sector scenario in addition to the standard model prediction of neutrinos, we find that the coupling parameter, characterizing the interaction between dark matter and dark energy, is non-zero at 2σ confidence level. The interaction model with sterile neutrino is also found to be a promising one to alleviate the current tension on Hubble constant. We do not find the evidence for a coupling in the dark sector when the possibility of a sterile neutrino is discarded.
Trends in Modern Cosmology, 2017
Even though the combined laboratory, astrophysical and cosmological evidence implies that neutrinos have masses, neutrinos provide only a small cosmic dark matter component. The study of solar neutrinos provides important information on nuclear processes inside the Sun as well as on matter densities. Moreover, supernova neutrinos provide sensitive probes for studying supernova explosions, neutrino properties and stellar collapse mechanisms. Neutrino-nucleus reactions at energies below 100 MeV play essential roles in core-collapse supernovae, explosive and r-process nucleosynthesis, as well as observation of solar and supernova neutrinos by earthbound detectors. On the other hand, recent experimental data of high-energy extragalactic neutrinos at 1 PeV open a new window to probe non-standard neutrino properties, such as resonant effects in the oscillation probability.
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2016
The Short BaseLine (SBL) neutrino oscillation anomalies hint at the presence of a sterile neutrino with a mass of around 1 eV. However, such a neutrino is incompatible with cosmological data, in particular observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies. However, this conclusion can change by invoking new physics. One possibility is to introduce a secret interaction in the sterile neutrino sector mediated by a light pseudoscalar. In this pseudoscalar model, CMB data prefer a sterile neutrino mass that is fully compatible with the mass ranges suggested by SBL anomalies. In addition, this model predicts a value of the Hubble parameter which is completely consistent with local measurements.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2008
Searching for non-standard neutrino interactions, as a means for discovering physics beyond the Standard Model, has been one of the key goals of dedicated neutrino experiments, current and future. This has received recent fillip in the wake of reported anomalies in leptonic B-decays. We demonstrate here that much of the parameter space accessible to such dedicated neutrino experiments is already ruled out by the RUN II data of the Large Hadron Collider experiment.
Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, 1998
The present observational status of neutrino physics is sketched, with emphasis on the hints that follow from solar and atmospheric neutrino observations, as well as dark matter. I also briefly review the ways to account for the observed anomalies and some of their implications.
2002
I review oscillation solutions to the neutrino anomalies and discuss how to account for the required pattern of neutrino masses and mixings from first principles. Unification and low-energy bottom-up approaches are discussed, the latter open up the possibility of testing neutrino mixing at high energy colliders, such as the LHC. Large νe mixing is consistent with Supernova (SN) astrophysics and may serve to probe galactic SN parameters at Cherenkov detectors. I discuss the robustness of the atmospheric neutrino oscillation hypothesis against the presence of Flavor Changing (FC) Non-Standard neutrino Interactions (NSI), generally expected in models of neutrino mass. Atmospheric data strongly constrain FC-NSI in the νµ -ντ channel, while solar data can be explained by FC-NSI in the νe -ντ channel, or, alternatively, by spin flavor precession. I illustrate how a neutrino factory offers a unique way to probe for FC-NSI and argue that a near-site detector is necessary in order to probe for leptonic mixing and CP violation.
Journal of High Energy Physics
We explore the possibility that high energy astrophysical neutrinos can interact with the dark matter on their way to Earth. Keeping in mind that new physics might leave its signature at such energies, we have considered all possible topologies for effective interactions between neutrino and dark matter. Building models, that give rise to a significant flux suppression of astrophysical neutrinos at Earth, is rather difficult. We present a Z ′ -mediated model in this context. Encompassing a large variety of models, a wide range of dark matter masses from 10−21 eV up to a TeV, this study aims at highlighting the challenges one encounters in such a model building endeavour after satisfying various cosmological constraints, collider search limits and electroweak precision measurements.
arXiv (Cornell University), 2019
A natural realization of CPT violation in neutrino oscillation can arise due to the coupling to a light scalar or vector dark matter (DM). The dark non-standard interaction (NSI) is associated with the γ0 matrix in neutrino's effective propagator and hence corrects the neutrino Hamiltonian as dark matter potential, in the same way as the ordinary matter effect. The effect is, however, inversely proportional to the neutrino energy and hence appears as a correction to the neutrino mass squared. Due to a sign difference in the corrections for neutrino and anti-neutrino modes, the neutrino oscillation receives CPT violation from the dark NSI. Seeing difference in the neutrino and anti-neutrino mass squared differences not necessarily leads to the conclusion of CPT symmetry breaking in the fundamental Lagrangian but can indicate light DM and its coupling with neutrinos.
2009
d Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), 142190, Troitsk, Moscow region, Russia
Advances in High Energy Physics, 2015
arXiv (Cornell University), 2022
Using the well established principles of Lorentz invariance, CP and CPT symmetry, and quantum statistics we do a model-independent study of effects of possible non-standard couplings of (Dirac and Majorana) neutrinos. The study is sensitive to the different quantum statistical properties of the Dirac and Majorana neutrinos which, contrary to neutrino-mediated processes of lepton number violation, could lead to observable effects not suppressed by the small ratios of neutrino and heavier particle masses. For processes with a neutrino-antineutrino pair of the same flavor in the final state, we formulate the "Dirac Majorana confusion theorem (DMCT)" showing why it is normally very difficult to observe the different behaviour of both kinds of neutrinos in experiments if they have only the standard model (SM)-like left-handed vector couplings to gauge bosons. We discuss deviations from the confusion theorem in the presence of nonstandard neutrino interactions, allowing to discover or constrain such novel couplings. We illustrate the general results with two chosen examples of neutral current processes, Z → ν ν and P i → P f ν ν (with P i, f denoting pseudoscalar mesons, such as B, K, π). Our analysis shows that using 3-body decays the presence of non-standard interactions can not only be constrained but one can also distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrino possibilities.
2018
Even though the combined laboratory, astrophysical and cosmological evidence implies that neutrinos have masses, neutrinos provide only a small cosmic dark matter component. The study of solar neutrinos provides important information on nuclear processes inside the Sun as well as on matter densities. Moreover, supernova neutrinos provide sensitive probes for studying supernova explosions, neutrino properties and stellar collapse mechanisms. Neutrino-nucleus reactions at energies below 100MeV play essential roles in core-collapse supernovae, explosive and r-process nucleosynthesis, as well as observation of solar and supernova neutrinos by earthbound detectors. On the other hand, recent experimental data of high-energy extragalactic neutrinos at 1 PeV open a new window to probe non-standard neutrino properties, such as resonant effects in the oscillation probability.
Fortschritte Der Physik-progress of Physics, 2010
We briefly summarise the current status of neutrino masses and mixing, paying special attention to the prospects for observing new leptonic interactions.
Physical Review Letters, 2020
We propose a new way to probe non-standard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter using the ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrino data at current and future neutrino telescopes. We consider the Zee model of radiative neutrino mass generation as a prototype, which allows two charged scalars-one SU (2)L-doublet and one singlet, both being leptophilic, to be as light as 100 GeV, thereby inducing potentially observable NSI with electrons. We show that these light charged Zeescalars could give rise to a Glashow-like resonance feature in the UHE neutrino event spectrum at the IceCube neutrino observatory and its high-energy upgrade IceCube-Gen2, which can probe a sizable fraction of the allowed NSI parameter space.
Physical Review D, 2021
We derive the effective Hamiltonian describing collective oscillations of Majorana neutrinos with a transition magnetic moment, allowing for the presence of scalar and pseudoscalar nonstandard neutrino self-interactions (NSSIs). Using this Hamiltonian, we analyze new flavor instability channels of collective oscillations in a core-collapse supernova environment that open up in the presence of a small but nonzero neutrino magnetic moment. It turns out that, contrary to certain claims in the literature, within the minimally extended Standard Model (i.e., without NSSIs), no new instabilities arise within the linear order, nor do they produce any observable signatures in the neutrino flavorenergy spectra, at least for magnetic moments up to 10 −15 µB and quite realistic fields of the order of 10 12 Gauss. On the other hand, in the presence of NSSIs, new fast and slow instabilities mixing neutrinos and antineutrinos appear, which show up in the spectra even for tiny magnetic moments of the order of 10 −24 µB, leading to considerable distortions of the spectra and nonstandard spectral splits. We study sensitivity of collective oscillations to these, NSSI-induced instabilities in detail and discuss the observability of the NSSI couplings triggering them.
The European Physical Journal C, 2022
We propose a new possibility of using the coherently enhanced neutrino pair emission to probe light-mediator interactions between electron and neutrinos. With typical momentum transfer at the atomic $$\mathcal O(1$$ O ( 1 eV) scale, this process is extremely sensitive for the mediator mass range $$\mathcal O(10^{-3} \sim 10^4$$ O ( 10 - 3 ∼ 10 4 ) eV. The sensitivity on the product of couplings with electron ($$g^e$$ g e or $$y^e$$ y e ) and neutrinos ($$g^\nu $$ g ν or $$y^\nu $$ y ν ) can touch down to $$|y^e y^\nu | < 10^{-9} \sim 10^{-19}$$ | y e y ν | < 10 - 9 ∼ 10 - 19 for a scalar mediator and $$|g^e g^\nu | < 10^{-15} \sim 10^{-26}$$ | g e g ν | < 10 - 15 ∼ 10 - 26 for a vector one, with orders of improvement from the existing constraints.
Physical Review D, 2019
Physical Review D, 2021
We consider the calculation of the thermal self-energy of a neutrino that propagates in a medium composed of fermions and scalars interacting via a Yukawa-type coupling, in the case that the neutrino energy is much larger than the fermion and scalar masses, as well as the temperature and chemical potentials of the background. In this kinematic regime the one-loop contribution to the imaginary part of the self-energy is negligible. We consider the two-loop contribution and we encounter the so-called pinch singularities which are known to arise in higher loop self-energy calculations in Thermal Field Theory. With a judicious use of the properties and parametrizations of the thermal propagators the singularities are treated effectively and actually disappear. From the imaginary part of the self-energy, we obtain a precise formula for the damping matrix expressed in terms of integrals over the background particle distributions. The formulas predict a specific dependence of the damping terms on the neutrino energy, depending on the background conditions. For guidance in estimating the effects in specific contexts, we compute the damping terms for several limiting cases of the momentum distribution functions of the background particles. We discuss briefly the connection between the results of our calculations for the damping matrix and the decoherence effects described in terms of the Lindblad equation.
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics
The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector.
Physical Review D, 2020
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