Multielectron geometric phase in intensity interferometry

Physical Review Letters

The geometric Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase not only is of physical interest but also has wide applications ranging from condensed-matter physics to photonics. Space-varying PB phases based on inhomogeneously anisotropic media have previously been used effectively for spin photon manipulation. Here we demonstrate a novel wave-vector-varying PB phase that arises naturally in the transmission and reflection processes in homogeneous media for paraxial beams with small incident angles. The eigenpolarization states of the transmission and reflection processes are determined by the local wave vectors of the incident beam. The small incident angle breaks the rotational symmetry and induces a PB phase that varies linearly with the transverse wave vector, resulting in the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE). This new PSHE can address the contradiction between spin separation and energy efficiency in the conventional PSHE associated with the Rytov-Vladimirskii-Berry phase, allowing spin photons to be separated completely with a spin separation up to 2.2 times beam waist and a highest energy efficiency of 86%. The spin separation dynamics is visualized by wave coupling equations in a uniaxial crystal, where the centroid positions of the spin photons can be doubled due to the conservation of the angular momentum. Our findings can greatly deepen the understanding in the geometric phase and spin-orbit coupling, paving the way for practical applications of the PSHE.

Physical Review B, 2004

We show how a new quantum property, a geometric phase, associated with scattering states can be exhibited in nanoscale electronic devices. We propose an experiment to use interference to directly measure the effect of the new geometric phase. The setup involves a double path interferometer, adapted from that used to measure the phase evolution of electrons as they traverse a quantum dot (QD). Gate voltages on the QD could be varied cyclically and adiabatically, in a manner similar to that used to observe quantum adiabatic charge pumping. The interference due to the geometric phase results in oscillations in the current collected in the drain when a small bias across the device is applied. We illustrate the effect with examples of geometric phases resulting from both Abelian and non-Abelian gauge potentials. PACS numbers: 73.23.-b,03.65.Vf,03.65.Nk Nanoscale electronic devices can exhibit distinct quantum features such as interference [1, 2], entanglement [3], discrete charge [4], the Aharonov-Bohm effect [5], and Berry's phase . The effect of Berry's phases associated with both Abelian and non-Abelian gauge potentials has found possible applications in quantum computation . In systems with discrete energy levels, Berry's phase makes use of the adiabatic theorem [9] and requires that the frequency of variation of parameters be much less than the energy level spacing. Berry's phase has been demonstrated in a variety of microscopic [10] as well as mesoscopic systems .

Physical Review B, 2008

We describe the effect of geometric phases induced by either classical or quantum electric fields acting on single electron spins in quantum dots in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. On one hand, applied electric fields can be used to control the geometric phases, which allows performing quantum coherent spin manipulations without using high-frequency magnetic fields. On the other hand, fluctuating fields induce random geometric phases that lead to spin relaxation and dephasing, thus limiting the use of such spins as qubits. We estimate the decay rates due to piezoelectric phonons and conduction electrons in the circuit, both representing dominant electric noise sources with characteristically differing power spectra.

Physical Review B, 2015

Physical Review Letters, 2005

We calculate the oscillations of the DC conductance across a mesoscopic ring, simultaneously tuned by applied magnetic and electric fields orthogonal to the ring. The oscillations depend on the Aharonov-Bohm flux and of the spin-orbit coupling. They result from mixing of the dynamical phase, including the Zeeman spin splitting, and of geometric phases. By changing the applied fields, the geometric phase contribution to the conductance oscillations can be tuned from the adiabatic (Berry) to the nonadiabatic (Ahronov-Anandan) regime. To model a realistic device, we also include nonzero backscattering at the connection between ring and contacts, and a random phase for electron wavefunction, accounting for dephasing effects.

Semiconductor Science and Technology, 2010

We show that a coherent spin manipulation of electron spins in low-dimensional semiconductor structures with spin-orbit coupling by infrared radiation is possible. This approach is based on using a dipole force acting on a two-level system in a nonuniform optical field, similar to that employed in the design the atomic diode. This force leads to a spin-Hall effect much stronger than that achieved due to electron scattering by charge impurities. Achievable spatial separation of electrons with opposite spins can be on the order of 0.5 micron, an order of magnitude larger than can be achieved in a conventional spin-Hall effect.

Nanophotonics, 2020

The spin Hall effect of light, associated with spin-orbit interactions, describes a transport phenomenon with optical spin-dependent splitting, leading to a plethora of applications such as sensing, imaging, and spin-controlled nanophotonics. Although geometric meatsurfaces can mimic photonic spin Hall effect by spatially splitting left-hand circularly polarized and right-hand circularly polarized states of electromagnetic waves with anomalous refraction or reflection angles, the geometric phase generated by metasurfaces hinders metalenses to realize simultaneous focusing of different spin states, limiting further applications. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach to realizing a spin Hall metalens that can focus terahertz waves with different spin states and flexibly manipulate spin-dependent focal points in multiple spatial dimensions based on a pure geometric phase. A dielectric metasurface consisting of micropillars with identical shape and different in-pla...

Physical Review Letters, 2009

We propose a novel spin-optronic device based on the interference of polaritonic waves traveling in opposite directions and gaining topological Berry phase. It is governed by the ratio of the TE-TM and Zeeman splittings, which can be used to control the output intensity. Due to the peculiar orientation of the TE-TM effective magnetic field for polaritons, there is no analogue of the Aharonov-Casher phaseshift existing for electrons.

Optics letters, 2013

We demonstrate a experimental method to measure the spin Hall effect of light (SHEL), which is based on the interference between two orthogonal circularly polarized beams with the help of a polarizer. Our method can measure the SHEL across the entire exit pupil, not only at the centroid as is the case with earlier methods, and hence one can scan the transverse section of the beam. We measured the SHEL of an aluminium mirror and a glass plate using a He-Ne laser at wavelength 633 nm, for incidence angles varying from 22° to 70°. The experimental results are in good agreement with theory. We also measured the shift across the transverse section of a Gaussian beam using same method.

Physical Review A, 2020

Light beam carrying spatially varying state of polarization generates space varying Pancharatnam-Berry geometric phase while propagating through homogeneous anisotropic medium. We show that determination of such space varying geometric phase provides a unique way to quantify the space varying polarization state of light using a single-shot interferometric measurement. We demonstrate this concept in a Mach-Zehnder interferometric arrangement using a linearly polarized reference light beam, where full information on the spatially varying polarization state is successfully recovered by quantifying the space varying geometric phase and the contrast of interference. The proposed method enables single-shot measurement of any space varying polarization state of light from the measured interference pattern with a polarized reference beam. This approach shows considerable potential for instantaneous mapping of complex space varying polarization of light in diverse applications, such as astronomy, biomedical imaging, nanophotonics, etc., where high precision and near real-time measurement of spatial polarization patterns are desirable.