Induced pluripotent stem cells in infections

Insight and Control of Infectious Disease in Global Scenario, 2012

Acta Naturae, 2010

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a new type of pluripotent cells that can be obtained by reprogramming animal and human differentiated cells. In this review, issues related to the nature of iPSCs are discussed and different methods of iPSC production are described. We particularly focused on methods of iPSC production without the genetic modification of the cell genome and with means for increasing the iPSC production efficiency. The possibility and issues related to the safety of iPSC use in cell replacement therapy of human diseases and a study of new medicines are considered. KEYWORDS cell reprogramming, induced pluripotent stem cells, directed stem cell differentiation, cell replacement therapy ABBREVIATIONS ESC-embryonic stem cells, iPSCs-induced pluripotent stem cells, NSCs-neural stem cells, ASCsadipose stem cells, PDFs-papillary dermal fibroblasts, CMs-cardiomyocytes, SMA-spinal muscular atrophy, SMA-iPSCs-iPCSs derived from fibroblasts of SMA patients, GFP-green fluorescent protein, LTR-long terminal repeat

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2019

The possibility of sphingosine-1-phosphate production by induced pluripotent stem cells is examined to assess their potential in treatment of sepsis. The hematopoietic embryoid bodies were derived from the culture of 6-day-old differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells. These embryoid bodies secreted sphingosine-1-phosphate, an important bioactive lipid that regulates integrity of the pulmonary endothelial barrier, prevents elevation of its permeability, and impedes the formation of stress fibers in human endotheliocytes derived from umbilical vein. The data attest to potentiality of induced pluripotent stem cells in treatment of sepsis.

Nature, 2012

The field of stem-cell biology has been catapulted forward by the startling development of reprogramming technology. The ability to restore pluripotency to somatic cells through the ectopic co-expression of reprogramming factors has created powerful new opportunities for modelling human diseases and offers hope for personalized regenerative cell therapies. While the field is racing ahead, some researchers are pausing to evaluate whether induced pluripotent stem cells are indeed the true equivalents of embryonic stem cells and whether subtle differences between these cells might affect their research applications and therapeutic potential.

Halo 194, 2020

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cells generated by reprogramming an adult somatic cell genome to the stage of a pluripotent stem cell in vitro by inducing a forced expression of specific transcription factors that are important for the maintenance of pluripotency. The iPSCs seem to be very similar to Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) in terms of morphology, cell surface markers and gene expression levels, but recent studies have demonstrated some differences between the two cell types. However, iPSCs might have potential application in regenerative medicine, transplantation, drug testing, disease modelling, and avoidance of tissue rejection and with less ethical concern than ESCs. This paper aims to present the most important characteristics of iPSCs which have therapeutic significance.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2011

Somatic cells have been reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells by introducing a combination of several transcription factors, such as Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc.

Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 2016

More than two decades of in vitro experimentation supported by the data from experimental animal studies in both small as well as large experimental animal models have culminated into multiple clinical studies worldwide to assess their regenerative potential. Although the data generated from these studies have only met with cautious response from the researchers, efforts are still underway with the hope to refine the different aspects of cell-based therapy approach to develop it into an effective routine therapeutic intervention. Besides others, search for a cell type with optimal characteristics remains an area of intense research. Pluripotent stem cells in general, and induced pluripotent stem cells in particular have gained special attention of researchers due to their ability to adopt a morphofuntionally competent phenotype. They are being considered as surrogate embryonic stem cells albeit without moral and ethical issues of availability and having better immunological acceptability. We provide a head-to-head comparison of ESCs and iPSCs and an overview of stem cell therapy approach converging on the observed advantages of pluripotent stem cells during pre-clinical and clinical studies.

IntechOpen eBooks, 2020

MSCs derived from iPSCs (iPSC-MSCs) exhibit higher proliferation rate and less senescence than BM-MSCs, and thus the former cells are emerging as an attractive therapeutic option for obtaining a substantial population of stem cells in a sustained manner for applications in regenerative medicine [68, 69]. Several studies using human iPSC-MSCs and their exosomes in human and animal studies have shown that transplantation of these cells can produce protection of the liver against hepatic ischemia; reduction in the volume of brain infarction and preservation of neurological function after acute intracranial hemorrhage; prevention of osteonecrosis of femoral head by promotion of local angiogenesis and prevention of bone loss; facilitation of cutaneous wound healing by promotion of collagen synthesis and angiogenesis; and modulation of differentiation and function of DCs in order to support their clinical application in DC-mediated immune disorders [69-73]. Thus, MSCs and iPSCs may reshape the future of medical therapeutics and may eventually become curative for several chronic and intractable medical illnesses [2, 4, 5].

Current Opinion in Immunology, 2012

The advent of reprogramming technology has greatly advanced the field of stem cell biology and nurtured our hope to create patient specific renewable stem cell sources. While the number of reports of disease specific induced pluripotent stem cells is continuously rising, the field becomes increasingly more aware that induced pluripotent stem cells are not as similar to embryonic stem cells as initially assumed. Our state of the art understanding of human induced pluripotent stem cells, their capacity, their limitations and their promise as it pertains to the study and treatment of primary immunodeficiencies, is the content of this review.

Animal testing has shown unsatisfaction when it comes to examination of hepato-neuro-and cardiotoxicity, as well as in the development of new therapies, while use of in vitro model systems is limited by unavailability of human tissues. For this reason, use of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as unlimited source for producing differentiated somatic progeny, represents a great medical advance. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) represent a new type of stem cells that occur by reprogramming of genomes of adult stem cells, such as dermal fibroblasts into a pluripotent state. These cells have many similarities with embryonic stem cells, and their reprogramming requests transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4. IPSC are characterized by the ability of recovery and differentiation into different cell types such as-cells, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, hematopoietic cells, which opens the door to the new methods of treatment of many diseases especially in the field of personalized regenerative medicine. This paperwork contains future trends and possibilities of using iPSC's in regenerative personalized medicine, and with great certainty we can say that the discovery of the same has brought a revolutionary changes to medicine, and that these cells will soon be used not only for modeling of various diseases, but also for treating diseases and finding and testing new drugs that will help to improve the quality of life in many patients.