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2011
Modern medicine is facing a complex environment, not from medical technology but rather government regulations and information vulnerability. HIPPA is the government’s attempt to protect patient’s information yet this only addresses traditional record handling. The main threat is from the evolving security issues. Many medical offices and facilities have multiple areas of information security concerns. Physical security is often weak, office personnel are not always aware of security needs and application security and transmission protocols are not consistently maintained. Health insurance needs and general financial opportunity has created an emerging market in medical identity theft. Medical offices have the perfect storm of information collection, personal, credit, banking, health, and insurance. Thieves have realized that medical facilities have as much economic value as banks and the security is much easier to crack. Mostly committed by insiders, medical identity theft is a wel...
Security and Communication Networks, 2008
Managing patient care records has become an increasingly complex issue with the widespread use of advanced technologies. The vast amount of information for every routine care procedure must be securely processed within different databases. Clinical information systems (CIS) address the need for a computerized approach in managing personal health information. Hospitals and public or private health insurance organizations are continuously upgrading their database and data management systems to more sophisticated architectures. The possible support of today's large patient archives and the flexibility of a CIS in providing up-to-date patient information and worldwide doctors' collaboration, has leveraged research on CIS in both the academic and the government domains. At the same time, it has become apparent that patients require more control over their clinical data, these being either the results of clinical examinations or medical histories. Due to the large amount of information that can be found on the Internet and the free access to medical practitioners and hospitals worldwide, patients may choose to communicate their information so as to obtain several expert opinions regarding their conditions. Given the sensitive nature of the information stored and inevitably in transit, security has become an issue of outmost necessity. Numerous EU and US research projects have been launched to address security in CIS (e.g., EUROMED, ISHTAR, and RESHEN), whereas regulatory compliance to acts such as the HIPAA has become an obligation for centers moving to CIS.
4th International IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine, 2003., 2003
In recent years, a number of countries have introduced plans for national electronic patient record (EPR) systems. This paper argues that, in the near future, both patients and healthcare stakeholders will be able to access medical records from WWW-based EPR systems. We contend that the primary impediment to the successful implementation and widespread uptake of the EPR concept is the fact that current healthcare information security (HIS) applications are not sufficiently robust. This paper identifies two main Information Security technologies: 1) Public key infrastructure (PKI) and 2) Biometrics that hold a lot of promise in a healthcare context. The key contribution of this paper is to propose a novel multi-layered HIS framework based on a combination of PKI, Smartcard and Biometrics technologies. We argue that this new HIS framework could assist healthcare institutions to provide a truly secure infrastructure for the electronic transmission of clinical data in the future. This paper also makes a case for the creation of a new nodal HIS body because existing information security bodies like the Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams are for general-purpose organizations and not specifically suited for the healthcare sector.
Cornell University - arXiv, 2021
Providing security to Health Information is considered the topmost priority compared to any other field. After digitalizing patients records in the medical field, the healthcare/medical field has become a victim of several internal and external cyberattacks. Data breaches in the healthcare industry have been increasing rapidly. Despite having security standards such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), data breaches still happen on a daily basis. All various types of data breaches have a similar harmful impact on healthcare data, especially on patients' privacy. This paper aims to understand the aspects that led to healthcare data breaches via ransomware incidence and their impact on the patients and healthcare providers. In addition, the paper reviews the current possible solutions to improve the healthcare security system by analyzing the efficiency of these solutions. We studied the most significant healthcare data breaches via ransomware attacks that occurred in the U.S. from 2015 to 2020. We analyzed the obtained data from different academic and business sectors resources that target the reasons for the healthcare data breaches.
2006
In healthcare, patient information is a critical factor. The right information at the right time is a necessity in order to provide the best possible care for a patient. Patient information must also be protected from unauthorized access in order to protect patient privacy. It is furthermore common for patients to visit more than one healthcare provider, which implies a need for cross border healthcare and continuity in the patient process.
Cloud computing is appearing as a good prototype for computing and is drawing the attention from both academia and industry. The cloud-computing model is transferring the computing infrastructure to third-party service providers that handle the hardware and software resources with important cost reductions. It is emerging as a new computing example in the medical field apart from other business domains. Many health firms have started moving to electronic health information to the cloud environment. Initiating cloud services in the health sector will not only eases the exchange of electronic medical records between the hospitals and clinics but also enables the cloud to act as a medical record storage center. Besides, moving to cloud environment eases the healthcare organizations from the repetitive tasks of infrastructure management and reduces development and maintenance costs. The medical data stored in the cloud makes the treatment systematic by recovering patient's medical h...
2008
In healthcare, patient information is a critical factor. The right information at the right time is a necessity in order to provide the best possible care for a patient. Patient information must also be protected from unauthorized access in order to protect patient privacy. It is furthermore common for patients to visit more than one healthcare provider, which implies a need for cross border healthcare and continuity in the patient process.
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
Information technology (IT) plays an increasingly important and prominent role in the health sector. Data security is more important than ever to the healthcare industry and in world in general. The number of data breaches compromising confidential healthcare data is on the rise. For data security, cloud computing is very useful for securing data. Due to data storage issue, there is a need to use the electronic communication, and a number of methods have been developed for data security technology. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is one of the methods that can help in healthcare research. On stored database of patient in hospital or clinic, we can develop a conservational and analytical method so as to keep the medical records of the patients in a well-preserved and adequate environment. The method includes the improvement of working possibilities by delivering all the details necessary for the patient. All the information must be identified clearly. The ...
The healthcare sector is an appealing target to attackers due to the high value of patient data on the black market. Patient data can be profitable to illegal actors either through direct sale or extortion by ransom. Additionally, employees present a persistent threat as they are able to access the data of almost any patient without reprimand. Without proactive monitoring of audit records, data breaches go undetected and employee behaviour is not deterred. In 2016, 450 data breaches occurred affecting more than 27 million patient records. 26.8% of these breaches were due to hacking and ransomware. In May 2017, a global ransomware campaign adversely affected approximately 48 UK hospitals. Response to this attack, named WannaCry, resulted in hospital networks being taken offline, and non-emergency patients being refused care. Hospitals must maintain patient trust and ensure that the information security principles of Integrity, Availability and Confidentiality are applied to Electroni...
2000
This paper proposes a viable IT-based solution for ensuring the privacy and security of sensitive information in contempo- rary Health Information Systems (HIS).
2016
Information Systems are of key importance for efficient healthcare services. They improve patient care and administration, providing valuable support for medical diagnosis. To provide such services, healthcare information systems collect and store an extensive volume of patient data in digital format, referred as electronic health record. These records hold a significant amount of patient personal information that may be targeted by cybercriminals. Recently, appalling statistics concerning the exposure and theft of electronic health records have been reported. In this paper we examine the issues related to information privacy and security for healthcare systems and present a new approach for protecting patient data, using an Identity Management framework to preserve patient anonymity. To evaluate this approach, a case study experiment using a disease surveillance platform has been conducted, and its results are exposed in the remainder of this paper.
ACM Computing Surveys, 2023
Currently, healthcare is critical environment in our society, which attracts attention to malicious activities and has caused an important number of damaging attacks. In parallel, the recent advancements in technologies, computing systems, and wireless communications are changing healthcare environment by adding different improvements and complexity to it. This article reviews the current state of the literature and provides a holistic view of cybersecurity in healthcare. With this purpose in mind, the article enumerates the main stakeholders and architecture implemented in the healthcare environment, as well as the main security issues (threats, attacks, etc.) produced in healthcare. In this context, this work maps the threats collected with a widely used knowledge-based framework, MITRE ATT&CK, building a contribution not seen so far. This article also enumerates the security mechanisms created to protect healthcare, identifying the principal research lines addressed in the literature, and listing the available public security-focused datasets used in machinelearning to provide security in the medical domain. To conclude, the research challenges that need to be addressed for future research works in this area are presented. CCS Concepts: • General and reference → Surveys and overviews; • Applied computing → Health care information systems; • Social and professional topics → Patient privacy; • Security and privacy → Security requirements;
2006
In healthcare, patient information is a critical factor. The right information at the right time is a necessity in order to provide the best possible care for a patient. Patient information must also be protected from unauthorized access in order to protect patient privacy. It is furthermore common for patients to visit more than one healthcare provider, which implies a need for cross border healthcare and continuity in the patient process.
2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2021
Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including the author's name, the title of the work, publication details where relevant (place, publisher, date), pagination, and for theses or dissertations the awarding institution, the degree type awarded, and the date of the award.
Procedia Technology, 2013
Potential benefits of the e-health system do not ignore the challenges that prevent the system from being fairly used. Security and privacy challenges of the e-health system need to be understood and resolved. The aim of this paper is to explore and analyze the current state of e-health systems security and privacy of patient records. Main focus is on security at the policy level in order to protect electronic patient record.
Proceedings of the second annual workshop on Security and privacy in medical and home-care systems - SPIMACS '10, 2010
The use of electronic health record (EHR) systems by medical professionals enables the electronic exchange of patient data, yielding cost and quality of care benefits. The United States American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 provides up to $34 billion for meaningful use of certified EHR systems. But, will these certified EHR systems provide the infrastructure for secure patient data exchange? As a window into the ability of current and emerging certification criteria to expose security vulnerabilities, we performed exploratory security analysis on a proprietary and an open source EHR. We were able to exploit a range of common code-level and designlevel vulnerabilities. These common vulnerabilities would have remained undetected by the 2011 security certification test scripts from the Certification Commission for Health Information Technology, the most widely used certification process for EHR systems. The consequences of these exploits included, but were not limited to: exposing all users' login information, the ability of any user to view or edit health records for any patient, and creating a denial of service for all users. Based upon our results, we suggest that an enhanced set of security test scripts be used as entry criteria to the EHR certification process. Before certification bodies spend the time to certify that an EHR application is functionally complete, they should have confidence that the software system meets a basic level of security competence.
2017
The need to record information regarding a patient has been considered as an old, but important issue within the medical arena. Recently, much progress has been noted in the process of collection, storage, and retrieval of patients‘ data, with more healthcare organizations moving towards paperless environment of electronic medical records (EMRs). However, only a handful of studies have looked into privacy and security issues associated with EMRs, as perceived by patients and healthcare providers. Such issues, if left unaddressed, may affect the quality of EMRs, the speed at which they are implemented and accepted by patients and providers, the ability for healthcare institutions to exchange patient information, as well as the quality of patient care and patient safety. As such, this article proposes a comprehensive and multidimensional framework of EMRs success in the healthcare sector. The framework developed in this study can be applied to evaluate and to measure the effectiveness...
Global Scientific Journals, 2024
Ensuring the security of health information has started as a significant obligation for healthcare organizations across the board. While medical equipment and applications are crucial to patient care, they have also become main targets for malicious actors. Attackers illegally target healthcare data, often aiming to install ransomware software once they breach the network, they lock and encrypt data until a ransom is paid. Consequently, organizations often find themselves forced to pay large amounts to regain access to and decrypt their data. While the theft of healthcare equipment may be less publicized, attackers may steal network-connected equipment for alternative purposes. Thus, there is an urgent need to implement robust cybersecurity measures within the healthcare sector to safeguard all information. Breaches in information security can be accomplished through various passages, including laboratory and hospital records, insurance documentation, and physical records, as well as electronic medical records and tracking systems. Cybersecurity measures can effectively protect these records against unauthorized access. This paper demonstrates different types of cybercrimes that occur in medical information and strategies to mitigate them, shedding light on numerous cybercrimes that have occurred over the past decade and what should be done to mitigate these crimes. Given the value of healthcare information, it has become a profitable target for cybercriminals.
Informasiya texnologiyaları problemləri, 2015
This article investigates the problems of personal data security in the electronic medical system. Approaches to information security support of patients' medical data are presented, features of personal medical data are specified, and potential threats to the privacy and safety of the data in medical information systems are identified. The legal basis of personal data security in Azerbaijan is reviewed, and the feasibility of regulating the information security of personal medical data in Azerbaijan is justified.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
There is growing concern about IT security in the healthcare sector due to the number of cyberattacks. The objective of the review is to analyze the state of adoption of computer security in the healthcare sector and provide valuable knowledge to researchers and health organizations interested in this field of study. An exhaustive search of international and regional articles on computer security in healthcare organizations was conducted using Scopus, Dimensions, and pubMed databases. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was used for the selection of articles published between 2018 and 2022. The final number of articles considered is 50. The review explored approaches related to computer security types, mechanisms, and technologies. The findings reveal that blockchain is the most widely used technology to protect medical information. In addition, network, software, and hardware security approaches are employed, using mechanisms such a...
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