Oral manifestations of COVID-19: A review

Acta stomatologica Naissi, 2021

Introduction:In addition to the characteristic clinical picture of respiratory infection, patients with COVID-19 can also be diagnosed with oral manifestations. Aim: The aim of this study was to review current literature for the prevalence of changes in the oral cavity i.e., the presence of oral symptoms in patients with COVID-19, in order to indicate that oral manifestations may occur due to viral infection with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Important information relevant to the study was obtained by searching the available electronic PubMed and Google Scholar database. Results: Oral lesions were found in different locations in patients with COVID-19: tongue mucosa (dorsum and lateral sides of the tongue), buccal mucosa, hard and soft palate, inner lip and gingiva. The most common were ulcerations in different parts of the oral cavity. It is still unclear whether oral lesions in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection were a consequence of the primary effect of the virus itself or a secondary manifestat...

International Journal of Enhanced Research in Medicines & Dental Care (IJERMDC),, 2021

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single chain, plus stranded RNA virus belonging to the family of Coronaviridae, responsible for causing covid-19 disease. In literature, abundant studies have reported about the clinical signs observed in SARS-CoV-2 patients but majority of them have not verified the oral health status. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the oral manifestation in covid positive patients and to obtain more information about their oral health status. Methods: 200 participants were enrolled in this observational study with the aim to obtain more information about the oral health status and associated oral manifestation in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 by using an online questionnaire consisting of demographic details and fifteen close ended questions. Results: Amongst 200 participants 20% reported of irregular brushing of teeth, 94.5% reported of irregular use of interdental aid and 77% reported of infrequent use of tongue cleaner during the period of active covid infection. Most common oral manifestation observed were alteration/loss of smell (40.5%), alteration/loss of taste (46%), difficulty in swallowing (47.5%) and xerostomia (21.5%) whereas the least common oral manifestation noted were rash on face (2%) and swelling inside the oral cavity (5%). Conclusions: This study illustrates a close relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and its associated oral manifestation. Early diagnosis of the oral lesion along with proper treatment might help to reduce the disease transmission and associated oral complications

Saudi journal of oral and dental research, 2022

The new SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a worldwide emergency. It is recognized as a multiorgan disease and post-acute sequalae are seen in many systems. Many oral symptoms have been reported in relation to COVID-19. Cause-effect relationship between coronavirus and the appearance of such oral lesions still cannot be established. Immunosuppression state of positive cases could explain appearance of oral lesions. Oral hygiene is an aspect that should not be left aside, and it is of great importance to encourage the patient to reinforce hygiene techniques.

Research, Society and Development, 2021

As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads around the world, professionals must prepare for an increase in severely ill patients. Considering that professionals who perform oral care, especially the oral health team, is the most exposed to SARS-CoV-2, and that saliva can be the main vector in the transmission from person to person, it is essential that they are supported by the best evidence for their performance with risk reduction. In view of the literature, the clinical studies of COVID-19 do not often describe oral symptoms, and it is still uncertain whether these manifestations may be a typical clinical pattern resulting from direct SARS-CoV-2 infection or a systemic consequence, given the possibility of co-infections, impaired immune system and adverse drug reactions. As the prevalence of clinical manifestations is still unknown, the possible manifestations of COVID-19 in the oral cavity has been considered of wide and current interest. Therefore de aim of this study was to report a cas...

Seven Editora eBooks, 2023

Journal of Medical and Dental Practice

There has been a reported number of cases showing a wide variety of oral alterations with the potential of being associated with COVID-19. We present a case report of a 59-year-old female. The diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by a positive antigen test. The patient noticed an aphthous-like lesion on the right side of the lower lip that presented from the first day of the disease. The patient suffered also from headaches that became stronger; she had a sore throat, pain in both ears, dysgeusia, and anosmia. On the seventh day the patient felt stomach ache and nausea, with the lesion being most painful compared to the previous days. After the tenth day the aphthous-like lesion was not visible, but still painful. Two months later the lesion was no longer visible, but the patient still felt a concavity in the area when exploring it with her tongue. No pain or discomfort was described at this stage. A variety of oral lesions in SARS-CoV-2 disease have been reported in the literature. Regarding oral changes, usual clinical appearance described comprises aphthous-like lesions. Older age and severity of COVID-19 are the most common factors that predict severity of oral lesions. The exact aetiology and pathogenesis of oral changes in patients with this viral infection are not yet well known. More studies are required to elaborate and confirm the relationship between COVID-19 and the described oral manifestations of SARS-CoV-2.

SciDoc Publishers, 2021

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic before been declared asa Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The outbreak has affected more than 148 million people affecting the respiratory system, skin, and digestive system. Hence, the present study aims tofind the preponderance of oral manifestations of COVID-19and to suggest the management of those affected with the same. Method: In the present review, search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were used. Gray literature was also included by performing a manual search on Google Scholar. All the articles that were published till April 25, 2021, were included. The search keywords include: "Symptoms", "Oral Manifestation", "Mouth disease", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", and "India". Results: The most common oral manifestations are: sore throat (25.43%) followed by dysgeusia (27.84%). The other common symptoms are enanthema (58.5%), oral lesions (48.5%), and oral bleeding (22.95%). Chlorhexidine mouthwash, topical or systemic corticosteroids,normal saline gargling, and artificial saliva are used in managing the manifestations. Conclusion: Looking out and identifyingthe oral manifestation can help in timely diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.So, Therefore,it is important to include dentists in the multidisciplinary team assisting the COVID-19 patients.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a threat to the global health caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The lungs are the primary site of infection in COVID-19 patient and the symptoms ranges from mild flu like manifestations to fulminant pneumonia and respiratory failure. COVID-19 infection also significantly affects the oral cavity and salivary glands with oral mucosal manifestations. Other than airway manifestations, COVID-19 patients are presenting with oral cavity lesions such as aphthous like ulcers, glossitis, oral mucositis or stomatitis, oral candidiasis and herpetic recurrences. These oral lesions are often associated with immunocompromised patients and elderly age. Direct involvement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for development of oral ulcers remains uncertain. The salivary gland related symptoms and taste disturbances are highly common in COVID-19 patients. In COVID-19 patient, certain presentations like ulcers or blisters or diffuse reddish lesions affect both keratinized and non-keratinized tissues of the oral cavity. These lesions are found in palate, lip mucosa, buccal mucosa and tongue. The ulceration and blisters of the oral cavity are more often seen. There is still a gap of knowledge related to the oral manifestations of the COVID-19 infections and its impact on the oral cavity. This review article discussed the details of the oral cavity lesions in COVID-19 patients.

Oral Diseases, 2020

International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive, 2021

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is considered as the biggest global health crisis for the world since the Spanish flu, also known as the 1918 flu pandemic. Driven by the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus infection, the rapid spread of this disease and the related pneumonia COVID-19 are a challenge for healthcare systems in over the world, and it is a constantly evolving situation with new symptoms and prognostic factors. SARS-CoV-2 has lately been detected in infected patient’s oral cavity; the COVID-19 outbreak is an alert that all dental and other health professionals must be vigilant in defending against the infectious disease spread. This review summarizes an update from current medical literature about the relationship between oral cavity and coronavirus disease by presenting some oral aspects which was detected in infected patients such as the oral lesions related to this virus and its therapeutic protocol, taste disorders and also the diagnostic value of saliva for ...