Entrepreneurial Intention of Students in Indonesia and Malaysia

Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia

Most universities or higher education institutions in Indonesia are developing an effective program supporting their students to become entrepreneurs. They believe that entrepreneurial behaviour can be developed through entrepreneurship education. Therefore, these universities continually improve their entrepreneurship curriculum by integrating theoretical entrepreneurship concepts and practical contexts within such education. The purpose of the research reported here is to compare the effects of personality trait dimensions on student’s entrepreneurial ambitions and their behavior. The study used personality trait dimensions such as internal locus of control, need for achievement, risk tolerance and entrepreneurial awareness as independent variables. Quantitative methods, including Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), were applied for the purposes of data analysis. The research populations consisted of final year undergraduate students who had already undergone an entrepreneurship ...

This research is part of a larger investigation on factors influencing entrepreneurial intention. This research study examines the relationship between personality factors and contextual factors as a means of identifying predictors of entrepreneurial intention among Malaysian University Students. The sample consisted of 123 participants, drawn from undergraduate students enrolled in courses in a branch of Higher Learning Institutions in Malaysia. The finding provides evidences that Malaysian students' belief in the self-efficacy, proactive personality and needs for achievement capability to reinstate their entrepreneurial intention. The finding also point outs the role of family support should not be abandoned in fostering the emergence of entrepreneurs. For this reason, we conclude that entrepreneurship curriculum in Malaysian Universities should instigate those capabilities as part of the syllabus. PERSONALITY AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS

Research on entrepreneurship intention has and continues to be of interest to researchers due to its importance to the development for many countries. The literature on entrepreneurship intention has examined various issues with many focusing on the factors that influence entrepreneurship intention. However, most of these studies were conducted in a non-Malaysian setting. This study examines entrepreneurship intention among Malaysian Business Students. Using a questionnaire survey on undergraduate business students in a Malaysian public university, this study examines whether business students have an intention to pursue entrepreneurship. It also examines whether personality traits and environmental factors influence the students to become entrepreneurs. The results indicate that more than half of the respondents have an intention to become entrepreneurs and their decisions are attributed by the influence from their family members, academics and attending courses on entrepreneurship. The results also show that out of the two factors: personality traits and environmental, personality traits play an important role in influencing the students' decision to become entrepreneurs. The findings implicate that academics need to play a significant role in encouraging more students to become entrepreneurs by providing more awareness on the benefits of becoming entrepreneurs and in turn, contributing to the growth of the country's economies and global competitiveness.

Research on entrepreneurship intention has and continues to be of interest to researchers due to its importance to the development for many countries. The literature on entrepreneurship intention has examined various issues with many focusing on the factors that influence entrepreneurship intention. However, most of these studies were conducted in a non-Malaysian setting. This study examines entrepreneurship intention among Malaysian Business Students. Using a questionnaire survey on undergraduate business students in a Malaysian public university, this study examines whether business students have an intention to pursue entrepreneurship. It also examines whether personality traits and environmental factors influence the students to become entrepreneurs. The results indicate that more than half of the respondents have an intention to become entrepreneurs and their decisions are attributed by the influence from their family members, academics and attending courses on entrepreneurship. The results also show that out of the two factors: personality traits and environmental, personality traits play an important role in influencing the students' decision to become entrepreneurs. The findings implicate that academics need to play a significant role in encouraging more students to become entrepreneurs by providing more awareness on the benefits of becoming entrepreneurs and in turn, contributing to the growth of the country's economies and global competitiveness.

The aim of this study is to investigate the nature of students entrepreneurial personality and student’s entrepreneurial intention among Community College students. A 185 respondent from Kuala Langat community college have returned the filling questionnaire and the findings showed that, surprisingly most respondent score high mean (5.138) in Openness personality and in Conscientiousness personality (mean of 4.995), which is persistently correlated to entrepreneurs personality. The study also found out that there is a strong positive significance relationship between entrepreneurial personality and entrepreneurial intention with the Pearson coefficient correlation, r = .765 at the 0.01 significant level (2-tailed). However, the regression analysis showed that Agreeableness and Openness were being the best predictor’s to student’s entrepreneurial intention with beta coefficient for Agreeableness (.29) and Openness (.21). This findings could help entrepreneurship instructor’s at Kuala Langat community college understanding their learner’s better, hence will improve the instructional delivery and effectiveness in entrepreneurship.

International Journal of …, 2009

Research in entrepreneurship field has magnetized the interest of many researchers as a tool of development for many countries. The study of the factors that leads people to become entrepreneurs has been a question of many researchers. This study explores the relationship between the Big-Five personality factors, contextual factors and entrepreneurial intention. As such, it fits squarely into the literature on the antecedents of entrepreneurship. Previous research has focused on the need for achievement as well as social psychological characteristics such as attitude and self-efficacy. This study looks at the extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, neuroticism, perceived barriers, perceived support and close support which are determinants of entrepreneurial intention. The data was gathered from 123 undergraduate students at one of the university branch campuses in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Data collection was based on voluntary basis, informed consent, and anonymity. Regression analyses indicate that entrepreneurial intention is positively correlated with extraversion, openness, and close support. In the final section, we discuss these results and discover a future research agenda.

2016

In the world of entrepreneurship, the fundamental aspect that needs to be embedded in every business starter or business graduate is an entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial intention is very much required in Indonesia, given the number of entrepreneurs today is less than 2% compared to other neighboring countries, like Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and even Vietnam. Moreover, there are only 17% of university graduates in Indonesia who are interested in entrepreneurship. This is due to the fact that the entrepreneurial career is not considered as an important career in Indonesia. Despite several entrepreneurial programs initiated to nurture a business mentality and awareness for the business students, it does not make a significant change in their entrepreneurial behavior. Many of them do not have enough courage to deal with entrepreneurship. It is because the entrepreneurial orientation of the business students is very weak, and there is a lack of self-efficacy to perform the business tasks. In addition, there is seldom any support from their parents and peer groups to make them motivated enough to initiate a business. The entrepreneurship programs like internship program and business incubation program in higher education institutions have failed to enhance the entrepreneurial spirit among business students. These entrepreneurship programs have not been implemented as it should be and desperately need more improvement. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of entrepreneurial intention among students in the economics and business faculty in Indonesia's higher education institutions by determining the direct factors affecting entrepreneurial intention. By employing convenience sampling, a total of 381 questionnaires were successfully distributed to the business students and could be used for this study. The usable questionnaires were examined by employing structural equation modeling (SEM). This study found that five predictors are significant factors with respect to entrepreneurial intention: entrepreneurial orientation, social support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial internship program and business incubation program. To sum up, these factors of entrepreneurial intention are found to be essential elements for students to successfully start a business and contribute to increasing the number of young entrepreneurs in Indonesia.

2015

This paper investigates the factors associated with entrepreneurial inclination among undergraduate students in Malaysian universities. Among others, the influences of personal attributes, family and peer, and entrepreneurship education on the students' inclination towards entrepreneurship are examined. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to accounting students at three public universities in Klang Valley. About 178 questionnaires were completed and were found to be usable for the purpose of the study. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis and t-tests were employed to analyse the data. Generally, the results of the study indicate that the respondents have a positive inclination towards entrepreneurship. The hierarchical regression results show that personal characteristics, family influence, entrepreneurial education have positive and significant influence on the students' intention to be entrepreneurs when the variables are added into the equation. However...

The study investigates the entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions of Indonesian business students. The focus of the study is to compare the determinant factors of entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions based on the Resurreccion’s (2010) study. 118 students in their final year of study participated in the survey and the data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed for their content, presented in the form of graphs and were given a simple statistical treatment. The results indicate that Indonesian business students are aware of the competencies and the qualities strongly associated with entrepreneurial success. Specifically, they have favorable views on entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in terms of their impact to society. Interesting finding shows that entrepreneurial intentions are not solely determined by the possession of what are believed to be entrepreneurial qualities. These are jointly influenced by several factors includi...

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention by adding the current data in the context of Indonesia. This study also involves some variables that predicted affect students' entrepreneurial intentions, including entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude. The study design applied in this research was a survey method with a quantitative approach to help understand the relationship between variables. This study used a convenience random sampling technique to collect the information of students in several state universities in Indonesia. The participants of this study were students in the second and third-year study who enrolled in the course of entrepreneurship and education and actively participated in programs of entrepreneurship. This investigation confirms four hypotheses and rejects the two hypotheses proposed. In more detail, entrepreneurship education successfully influences entrepreneurial self-efficacy and students' attitudes toward entrepreneurship. However, it failed in promoting students' intention of being an entrepreneur. On the other hand, entrepreneurial self-efficacy has an impact on entrepreneurial attitude, while entrepreneurial attitude does not influence on students' entrepreneurial intentions. Lastly, from this study, it showed that entrepreneurial attitude insufficient in mediating entrepreneurship education and intention being entrepreneurs.