Comorbidity of chronic tinnitus and mental disorders

Quality of Life Research, 2013

Purpose Known association between tinnitus and psychological distress prompted us to examine patients with chronic tinnitus by using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), which is a standardized and reliable method used for the diagnosis of mental disorders. Methods One hundred patients with chronic tinnitus admitted to the Tinnitus Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, were included in this study. Data were collected between February 2008 and February 2009. Besides CIDI, the Tinnitus Questionnaire according to Goebel and Hiller, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 were used. Results Using CIDI, we have identified one or more mental disorders in 46 tinnitus patients. In that group, we found persistent affective disorders (37 %), anxiety disorders (32 %), and somatoform disorders (27 %). Those patients who had affective or anxiety disorders were more distressed by tinnitus and were more anxious and more depressed than tinnitus patients without mental disorders. Psychological impairment positively correlated with tinnitus distress: Patients with decompensated tinnitus had significantly more affective and anxiety disorders than patients with compensated tinnitus. Conclusions In the present study, we have detected a high rate (almost half of the cases) of psychological disorders occurring in patients with chronic tinnitus. The patients diagnosed with psychological disorders were predominantly affected by affective and anxiety disorders. Psychological disorders were associated with severity of tinnitus distress. Our findings imply a need for routine comprehensive screening of mental disorders in patients with chronic tinnitus.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2007

The aim of present study was to determine the psychiatric symptoms and comorbidities in patients affected by tinnitus. The study sample, between June 2004 and September 2005, consisted of 180 Turkish adults living in Elazıg. Ninety consecutive tinnitus patients were enrolled on their first visit to the outpatients clinic. Control subjects were recruited partly from the social surroundings of the authors. All subjects with significant medical and/or psychiatric pathologies, such as schizophrenia, manicdepressive psychosis, dementia, and behavioural disorders with social withdrawal or suicidal risk, were excluded, as were those unwilling to take part in the study. For the psychopathological examination, patients underwent the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-I, SCID-II). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Symptom Check list-90 (Revised) (SCL-90-R) were also administered to patients with tinnitus and control subjects. SCL-90-R subscales scores, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory scores were significantly higher in tinnitus patients than in normal control subjects. Twenty-four patients (26.70%) with tinnitus had at least one psychiatric diagnosis. Five control subjects (5.60%) had at least one psychiatric diagnosis. There were significant differences between the two groups (P \ 0.001). Anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders were significantly higher in tinnitus patients than in normal control subjects. We conclude that psychiatric symptoms (such as symptoms of anxiety, depression or somatization) among patients with tinnitus should alert clinicians for the presence of a chronic and complex psychiatric condition (Axis-I and Axis-II disorders).

https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.7_Issue.1_Jan2020/Abstract_IJRR0082.html, 2020

Introduction- Tinnitus is perceived as a continuous buzzing, hissing or ringing in the ears and in some cases in head. One of common cause of subjective tinnitus is psychogenic. The high prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients of tinnitus warrants a review of literature to shed light on the link between these diseases. Despite theoretical suggestions of a link between stress and tinnitus, this notion has received little empirical support. We conducted this study with aim to find out the psychological factors in patients suffering from psychogenic tinnitus. Methodology- Fifty patients with diagnosis of psychogenic tinnitus referred to psychiatry outpatient department underwent detailed psychiatric evaluation by a consultant psychiatrist. Psychiatric diagnoses were considered as per ICD-10 DCR criteria. Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAM-D) was used to assess Depressive symptoms and Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAM-A) was used to asses anxiety symptoms. Perceived Stress scale (PSS) was used to assess the perception of stress. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used asses the severity of Tinnitus. The statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS version 16) software. Results- Majority of patients reported difficulty in falling asleep (28%), Dizziness was reported by 20% of patients , 20% reported Headache, 16% reported Irritability, 8% reported difficulty in concentrating due to tinnitus, 3% patients were fearful about their illness. Most common psychiatric diagnosis in our study was anxiety disorders (18%), followed by Depressive disorder (14%). 3 (6%) Tinnitus patients also suffered from Somatoform Disorders. Correlation analysis showed significant correlation between visual analog scale annoyance, coping, distress, loudness scores and perceived stress scores Conclusion- This study has revealed significant psychological stress and psychiatric comorbidity associated with psychogenic tinnitus patients. Stress can be particularly related to aetiology as well as morbidity of psychogenic tinnitus. Keywords: Tinnitus, psychiatric comorbidity, HAM-D, HAM-A, Stress

Journal Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences, 2024

Objectives: To determine the characteristics of tinnitus and its association with clinical and demographic variables including psychological health. Methodology: This cross-sectional study recruited 80 tinnitus cases from ENT outpatients of District Head Quarter Hospital Chakwal from over a period of 6 months from 1st Jan 2019 to 31st June, 2019, using convenience sampling. Sample included both genders, aged 18-75 years with tinnitus for at least three months. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) & Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) were used for data collection & analysis done using SPSS-version 20. Anova statistics & Pearsons correlation was determined for THI and DASS-21. Chi-square test was used to see any association with clinic-demographic variables. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Study revealed 30(37.5%) cases with mild, 20(25%) each with moderate and severe while least 4(5%) catastrophic tinnitus. Tinnitus severity was significant associated with gender (p=0.005), age (p=0.035), educational level (p=0.049), occupation (p=0.002), duration of tinnitus (p=0.038), site of tinnitus (P<0.001) and type of tinnitus sound (P=0.003). Duration of tinnitus was associated with anxiety (p=0.024), site of tinnitus was associated with THI (p=0.016), anxiety (p=0.021), stress (p<0.001) and depression (p=0.02) and total DASS-21 (p=0.005). A significant positive correlation was present between tinnitus handicap, Anxiety, stress, depression and DASS-21 total score (P<0.001). Conclusion: Mild tinnitus was most prevalent (37.5%) with Tinnitus severity having significant association with gender, age, educational level, occupation, duration of tinnitus, site of tinnitus, and type of tinnitus sound. Duration of tinnitus was also associated with anxiety while site of tinnitus has association with THI, anxiety, stress, depression and total DASS-21. Significant positive correlation is present between THI and Anxiety, stress, depression and DASS-21 total score.

The International Tinnitus Journal, 2012

Introduction: Comorbidity of chronic tinnitus and mental disorders may result in more disability. Objectives: This research provides an evaluation about the effects of medically treated comorbid mental disorder on chronic tinnitus. Fifty-five patients diagnosed with chronic tinnitus and mental disorders were randomly requited by producing a before-after design. They underwent three months of drug therapy for comorbid mental disorders by psychiatrists. Study instruments are Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Tinnitus Questionnaire, Loudness Match Tinnitus, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, The Structured Clinical Interview and Symptom Check List -90. Results: Three months medical treatment puts forward the argument that among mental disorders, anxiety and major depressive disorder demonstrate a significant reduction. Pearson Correlation coefficient ostensibly reveals that there is no significant relationship between mental disorders and tinnitus severity. The statistics lend support to profound effect of major depressive disorder as a key factor on tinnitus disability exacerbation. Medical treatment also touches on issue such as tinnitus severity, its disabling effects and TQ subscales that statistics shows significant trends in their reduction. Conclusion: Findings lay emphasis on tinnitus severity reduction and connection might be established between alleviated mental disorders comorbidity and the improvement of quality of life.

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2014

The connection between psychopathology and tinnitus is complex and not adequately studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between tinnitus and psychiatric comorbidities from different points of view: categorical, dimensional, temperamental, and perceived stress level. Two hundred and thirty-nine patients affected by tinnitus were recruited between January and October 2012. Patients underwent a preliminary battery of tests including the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Symptom Check List (SCL90-R), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and Stress-Related Vulnerability Scale (VRS), and eventually a full psychiatric evaluation. One hundred and fourteen patients (48% of the total sample) presented psychiatric comorbidity. Among these, a higher prevalence of depression, somatization, obsession, and anxiety was found. More than 41% of patients affected by decompensated tinnitus reported a family history of psychiatric disorders. Significant positive correl...

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2012

The study was carried out to determine the impact of some co-morbid otological symptoms and demographic factors on the emotional distress and cognitive functioning in patients with tinnitus. One hundred consecutive patients, complaining of constant idiopathic tinnitus, were enrolled into the study. Four tests were administered: Beck Depression Inventory, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS, A-anxiety, D-depression), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Trail Making Test (TMT). A multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the relationship between the results of each of the tests and following co-morbid factors: age, sex, tinnitus duration, tinnitus laterality, hearing status (normal hearing, unilateral hearing loss and bilateral hearing loss) and vertigo/dizziness. It was found that the scores of MMSE and TMT were negatively correlated with age and with hearing status and the scores of HADS-A were slightly correlated with sex. In regression analysis, in HADS-A, sex and to a lesser extent tinnitus duration, in MMSE and TMT age and to a lesser extent tinnitus laterality were the variables that were comprised in the final model. Demographic factors had contributed more than overlapping otological symptoms to the psychological outcome in tinnitus patients.

Hno, 2019

ICD-10 Symptom Rating questionnaire for assessment of psychological comorbidities in patients with chronic tinnitus Background The term "tinnitus" (Latintinnire = ringing) refers to the condition in which people perceive sounds in the absence of external acoustic stimuli. There are two types of tinnitus: subjective and objective. "Objective" tinnitus can be perceived with aids-and sometimes even by the examiner. Possible causes comprise vascular malformations, arteriovenous (AV) fistulas, or paragangliomas. "Subjective" tinnitus, however, is far more common. It can only be perceived by the patient and cannot be objectified by conventional audiological diagnostics. Causes for subjective tinnitus are manifold and not always diagnosable. Possible risk factors are, for example, frequent noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, arterial hypertension, or otitis media [1]. Tinnitus is common in the general population. Langguth et al. [2] estimated the prevalence of tinnitus as ranging from 10 to 15%. Epidemiological studies show that chronic tinnitus is highly associated with psychological comorbidities [3, 4]. Common conditions include sleep difficulties, depression, or anxiety disorders that can lead to adverse effects across almost all domains of life for tinnitus sufferers. Depression and anxiety disor-The German version of this article can be found under

Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2012

The goal of this work was to study if patients suffering from tinnitus, that affects 14.5% of Italian people, are more susceptible to psychological distress than those who are not affected by tinnitus; to evaluate the prevalence of psychopathological disorders among the cohort, their relationship with the severity of tinnitus and eventual correlation between the distress caused by tinnitus and age of patients. 191 cases and 237 controls were enrolled between 2009-2011. Cases were 80 females and 111 males with mean age of 48.06. Controls were 106 females and 131 males with mean age of 47.09. Overall subjects completed Symptom CheckList-90 R (SCL 90-R) and some brief questionnaire about audiological history while Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was compiled by cases. Our study indicates that there is a significance correlation between tinnitus and psychopathological disorders, especially with anxiety (χ2=8.08; p=0.004) and sleep disturbance (χ2=38.85; p=0.0001) and there is a slight...

International Tinnitus Journal, 2013

The present study investigated the relationship between the perceived tinnitus severity, depressive and anxiety symptoms in individuals with tinnitus. An attempt was also made to see if any relationship exists between the perceived tinnitus severity and the age, gender or hearing status of the sufferer. Materials and Methods: Fifty individuals (31 males, 19 females) with tinnitus (age range 19 to 60 years) were enrolled in the study. After the routine pure tone audiometry, each participant completed the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report-30. Results: A significant correlation (r = 0.585, p < 0.01) was found between the perceived tinnitus severity, as indicated by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores and depressive symptoms. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores also correlated significantly with both state and trait anxiety levels (r = 0.602, p<0.01; r = 0.426, p < 0.01 respectively). Furthermore, age, gender and hearing status did not significantly influence the perceived severity of tinnitus. Conclusion: The results support the view that there is a strong relation between tinnitus and anxiety-depressive symptoms. Further, perceived severity of tinnitus is not influenced by age, gender and hearing status of the individual.