D1.1 DNA Replication

2015

When a cell divides, it is important that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the DNA. This is accomplished by the process of DNA replication. The replication of DNA occurs during the synthesis phase, or S phase, of the cell cycle, before the cell enters mitosis or meiosis. The elucidation of the structure of the double helix provided a hint as to how DNA is copied. Recall that adenine nucleotides pair with thymine nucleotides, and cytosine with guanine. This means that the two strands are complementary to each other. For example, a strand of DNA with a nucleotide sequence of AGTCATGA will have a complementary strand with the sequence TCAGTACT (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)).

1992

Embo Reports, 2003

In eukaryotic cells, the essential function of DNA replication is carried out by a network of enzymes and proteins, which work together to rapidly and accurately duplicate the genetic information of the cell. Many of the components of this DNA replication apparatus associate with other cellular factors as components of multiprotein complexes, which act cooperatively in networks to regulate cell cycle progression and checkpoint control, but are distinct from the prereplication complexes that associate with the origins and regulate their firing. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the composition and dynamics of these large multiprotein complexes in mammalian cells and their relationships to the replication factories.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 1994

Research into the enzymology of DNA replication has seen a multitude of highly significant advances during the past year, in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The scope of this article is limited to chromosomal replicases and origins of initiation. The multiprotein chromosomal replicases of prokaryotes and eukaryotes appear to be strikingly similar in structure and function, although future work may reveal their differences. Recent developments, elaborating the activation of origins in several systems, have begun to uncover mechanisms of regulation. The enzymology of eukaryotic origins has, until now, been limited to viral systems, but over the past few years, enzymology has caught a grip on the cellular origins of yeast.

Archivos de biología y medicina experimentales, 1980

The Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, 2009

Contents 2.2.2 ORC is an AAA + Protein Complex 2.2.3 The Structure of ORC and the Clamp Loader RFC 2.:1 Pre-RC Assembly 2.3.1 Regulation of ORC Assembly 2.3.2 ORC-DNA Interaction 2.3.3 Cdc6 Binds in a DNA Sequence-dependent Manner to ORC and Remodels the Complex 2.3.4 ORC and Cdc6 Cooperate to Load Cdtl-MCM2-7 2.3.5 A Model for Pre-RC Formation 2.4 RFC and Loading of PCNA 2.4.1 Structure of the RFC Complex 2.4.2 RFC Binding to DNA 2.4.3 Loading of PCNA by RFC 2.4.3.1 PCNA-RFC Complex 2.4.3.2 ATP Utilisation 2.4.3.3 Opening of the PCNA Ring 2.5 Outlook and Potential Applications Acknowledgements References Chapter 3 Ring Structures and Six-fold Symmetry in DNA Replication 47

Metazoans utilize multiple origins of replication in order to replicate their vast genome faithfully and expeditiously during each cell cycle. However, lesser known are the salient features defining these origins and their mechanism of selection for replication process. Here, we provide burgeoning evidences which suggest that transcription factors indeed play a major role in facilitating licensing of origins for firing during the S phase.