Gender Differences in Living with Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetologia, 2009

Aims/hypothesis Women are at higher risk of diabetesrelated cardiovascular complications than men. We tested the hypothesis that there are sex-specific differences in glucometabolic control, and in social and psychological factors. We also examined the influence of these factors on glucometabolic control. Methods We examined 257 (126 men/131 women) consecutive patients (64±9 years, means±SD) of a metropolitan diabetes outpatient service employing clinical testing and standardised psychological questionnaires. Results Mean HbA 1c (7.6±1.2%) was not different between women and men. Women patients on oral hypoglycaemic agents were better informed about diabetes (p=0.012). They employed more strategies for coping with diabetes, including religion (p=0.0001), active coping (p=0.048) and distraction (p=0.007). Women reported lower satisfaction with social support (p=0.034), but not more depression than men. Although no differences were observed in compliance, insulin-treated patients were more satisfied with their therapy (p=0.007). Variables predicting poor metabolic control were different in men (R 2 =0.737, p=0.012) and women (R 2 =0.597, p=0.019). Major predictors of high HbA 1c included depressive coping, lower sexual desire, quality of life and internal locus of control, but high external doctor-related locus of control in women and frequent emotional experiences of hyperglycaemia in men. Conclusions/interpretation Lower quality of life, internal control and socioeconomic status, and higher prevalence of negative emotions probably prevented woman patients from achieving improved glucose control despite their better knowledge of and greater efforts to cope with diabetes. We suggest that women patients would benefit from individualised diabetes care offering social support, whereas men would benefit from knowledge-based diabetes management giving them more informational and instrumental support.

Journal of Community Health Research

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases which causes other chronic diseases. The incidence of it is increasing in different societies, including Iran. This study aimed to investigate Gender differences in incidence of type 2 diabetes and related psychosocial factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 among people with the age group of 20 to 60. All the 600 participants were married and lived in Kerman. Using multi-stage sampling, 300 men and 300 women were selected. Data were collected through a questionnaire which included 3 sections as follows: Social demographic variables, healthy lifestyle variabl and perceived stress variable. Statistical analysis was done through descriptive statistics, Lambda test, Independent sample T -test and Binary Logistic regression. The SPSS 23 was used to perform the data analysis. The significance level of the study was considered to be p=0.05. Results: The mean (SD) score of physical activity for women was sig...

Endocrinology and Disorders, 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic debilitating disease affecting 463 million people which accounts for 9.3% of the population globally as of 2019. Although diabetes affects men and women equally (prevalence in men: 9.6%, women: 9%), women are more severely impacted by its complications such as heart disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This gender difference in consequences of DM may be due to biological reasons, it is also a reality that globally women tend to receive less intensive care and treatment for diabetes compared to men. In low-income countries, women suffer unduly from economic, political, and social discrimination, and subsequently from poor health, lack of education, and employment.

2020

Objective: The purpose of the present research is to find out the Mode of Insulin, Gender, and Education as Determinant of Psychosocial Problems of Patients with Type II Diabetes. Study design: Cross-sectional research design was used. Place and duration of study: Data was collected from Jinnah hospital and diabetic institutes of Lahore from 2015-2017. Methodology: Sample consist of 395 participants with an age range of 30-60 years (M=47.19, SD=8.76). Purposive sampling technique was used. Only married patients with type II diabetes were included in the study and patients with type 1 and gestational diabetes were excluded from the study. To gather information about Mode of Insulin, Gender and Education, demographic sheet was used. Social, Sexual life satisfaction and Psychological subscales of psychosocial problems scale for type II diabetes (PPSTD) was used for data collection.1 Collected data was analyzed through ANOVA. Results: Results indicates that there is a significant gende...

Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien, 2008

To determine whether men and women with type 2 diabetes have different psychosocial, behavioural, and clinical characteristics at the time of their first visit to a diabetes education centre. A questionnaire on psychosocial and behavioural characteristics was administered at participants' first appointments. Clinical and disease-related data were collected from their medical records. Bivariate analyses (chi(2) test, t test, and Mann-Whitney test) were conducted to examine differences between men and women on the various characteristics. Two diabetes education centres in the greater Toronto area in Ontario. A total of 275 men and women with type 2 diabetes. Women were more likely to have a family history of diabetes,previous diabetes education, and higher expectations of the benefits of self-management. Women reported higher levels of social support from their diabetes health care team than men did, and had more depressive symptoms, higher body mass, and higher levels of high-den...

2017

Diabetes is a progressive chronic condition which places a significant burden of self management on the individual, such as daily monitoring and medications management, worry about the future and distress about the impact of diabetes on various aspects of life. It is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The present study aimed to assess gender differences in quality of life and depression in patients suffering from type I diabetes. A sample of 70 participants (44 male and 26 female) in the age range of 40-80 years was collected from Jammu region, India. WHO Quality of life questionnaire and Beck’s Depression inventory-II were used as tools. Results indicated a significant difference on physical and psychological dimensions of quality of life and on depression across gender. The mean scores indicated that female participants had increased level of depression co...

Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies

The aim of the present study was to explore the difference between perceived stress among male and female adults with diabetes in Karachi. On the basis of detailed literature review, it was hypothesized that there will be a significant difference on the scores of perceived stress among males and female diabetic adults. A purposive sample of (96 adults) 48 males and 48 females (diabetic patients) age range of 25 to 75 (mean=41.2 and SD=12.3) who belong to different socioeconomic status were selected from different hospitals of Karachi. After taking individual consent demographic information was taken through self-developed demographic form. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-Urdu Version) was used to measure the meaning of an event and adequacy of coping resources. After scoring, to evaluate the results t-test was applied for statistical analysis. And the findings revealed significant gender difference on the variable of perceived stress (p

Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2011

Background Differences in functional limitations between adults with and without diabetes are more evident in women than they are in men. Purpose This study aims to investigate if there are gender differences in biological, behavioral, and psychosocial variables, and how these gender-related variables explain the gender-functional limitations relationship in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods We drew data on 1,619 adults with type 2 diabetes from the Health and Retirement Study and its diabetesspecific mail survey. The fit of a series of mediation models to the data was assessed by structural equation modeling. Results Although women had better diet and blood glucose self-monitoring behaviors than did men, they reported less favorable body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value, blood pressure, early complications, exercise behaviors, perceived control, self-efficacy, coping, depressive symptoms, and family support than did men. Psychosocial factors made an indirect contribution in the gender-functional limitations relationship by way of their strong association with biological and behavioral factors, two factors that directly and completely mediated the gender-functional limitations relationship. Conclusions Interventions promoting psychosocial wellbeing and empowering perceived diabetes control, coping, and self-efficacy in women with type 2 diabetes may help improve biological and behavioral determinants, and further, their long-term functional health.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2006

Based on findings regarding gender differences in the experience and complications of diabetes, we studied coping strategies in men and women with type 2 diabetes in relation to their demographic, medical, socio-economic and psychosocial situation. Altogether 232 Swedish-born type 2 diabetes patients aged 35-64 years at four primary health care centres in Stockholm County were studied, 121 men and 111 women. Coping strategies were assessed by the General Coping Questionnaire (GCG), which describes five orientations dichotomised into positive and negative opposites: self-trust/fatalism; problem focusing/resignation; cognitive revaluation/protest; social trust/isolation; and minimisation/intrusion. Socio-economic and medical data were taken both from a questionnaire and from medical records. Gender differences for the coping strategies resignation, protest and isolation were found ( p < 0.05), with higher scores for women. The most important medical factor associated with coping strategies was HbA1c. Other significant factors detected in the multivariate analyses were psychiatric disorder, cohabitation and daily smoking. Thus, coping strategies and gender are important factors that should be addressed more in diabetes health care. #

Journal of diabetes research, 2018

This study is aimed at investigating the various disease-specific and health-related psychosocial concepts of HRQOL among insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and understanding the gender differences in HRQOL among IDDM patients. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to assess the effect of health-related and psychosocial correlates on HRQOL of IDDM patients in Penang, Malaysia. The participants were recruited from five governmental diabetic clinics. Patients with insulin use only, IDDM diagnosed at least 1 year earlier, were identified from clinical registers. The sample was then age stratified for 20-64 years, and severe complications (e.g., end-stage renal failure, hemodialysis, and liver cirrhosis) were excluded; a total of 1003 participants were enrolled in the study. Multivariate regression analysis was used to predict the response. A total of 853 (100%) participants were enrolled and completed the study. Women exhibited significantly higher/better mental h...