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2009
AI
The development of Medieval Studies in Georgia has evolved significantly since the 1990s, particularly with the establishment of formal programs and dedicated academic centers. Initially, medieval studies were intertwined with various disciplines without a distinct identity. Recent efforts have led to the formation of an MA program in Medieval Studies and the establishment of the Center for Medieval Studies at Ilia Chavchavadze State University, fostering collaboration with international academic communities. This progress signals a growing recognition and integration of Medieval Studies within Georgian academia, highlighting the importance of local and international scholarly dialogue.
2018
The essays collected in the present book discuss the first results of an ongoing debate, originating in an international workshop held at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, on May 22 nd-23 rd , 2017 and organized by the chair of Medieval Art with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation. In a first instance, this event was conceived as an opportunity to enable Georgian scholars to exchange ideas with Western European colleagues, make a status quaestionis on the different approaches to the art-historical analysis of Medieval Georgian heritage, and work out new research perspectives. The workshop proved to be especially successful, since it gave birth to long discussions, where many questions were raised as to the historical, geographic, and cultural boundaries of Georgia, the country's and its different regions' connections with other cultures, and the multiple ways in which such issues have been tackled in present and past historiography. It must be stressed that the Fribourg workshop was itself the outcome of an increased scholarly interest in the role played by Georgia as an important agent in the wider network of cross-cultural exchange in the Middle Ages. For many years, the country's artistic space was almost fully neglected or deliberately ignored by Western European Medievalists and even Byzantinists, the most notable exception being, at the turn of the 19 th century, the much controversial figure of Joseph Strzygowski, whose scientific itinerary and its impact on later historiography was the object of a conference organized by Ivan Foletti in Brno in February 2017. 1 In the Soviet period, knowledge of the Southern Caucasian region was rather limited outside the Union's boundaries, even if some of Georgi Chubinashvili and Shalwa Amiranashvili's publications were also made available in French, English, Italian, or German translations. 2 In general, only occasionally efforts were made in Western Europe to introduce Georgia into wider narratives of Medieval arts: mention should be made of the exhibition 'Schatzkammer Georgien' organized in Vienna by Werner Seibt in 1981, 3 the two conferences
The Byzantine Empire, which existed for more than 1000 years, holds a special place in the history of civilization. It was the largest medieval Christian state on the crossroad of Europe and Asia. The Byzantine culture belongs to the medieval Christian culture, but it has specific peculiarities in comparison to the Western Christian culture. The henomenon of Byzantium, as the successor of the Roman state tradition and as the source of Christian culture, is of particular importance in the development of Georgia's historical processes. Understanding the historical processes of the V-XV centuries in Georgia is quite difficult without knowing the history of Byzantium. We cannot analyze even the later period without knowing Byzantium, because this country has left an indelible mark on Georgia, especially on its culture. The purpose of the present article is to show what the position of the Byzantine history is in the national curriculum and school books.
Journal Phasis - Greek and Roman Studies, 2016
The earliest surviving Georgian literary work, The Martyrdom of Shushanik , describes the spiritual and physical struggle Georgia had to undergo when making a choice between the West and the East, Christianity and Islam. It lasted till the 18 th century, when Erekle II took a decision that had likewise deplorable consequences for Georgia. In the 19 th century Georgia lost its independence but escaped the threat of conversion to Islam. However, in the 20 th century atheism created an absolutely new reality for Georgia and Western Europe, which, fortunately, was temporary and the orientation towards Christian culture and thought, which was so natural for Georgian identity and linked it to the rest of the civilized world, was restored.
Situated between the mountain ranges of the Caucasus, the country of Georgia was constantly exposed to contacts with both nearby cultures and such far-away realities as the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Europe. Constant political changes, including relations to and occupations by the neighboring empires of Byzantium and the Seljuks, make the region a prime example for the investigation of the dynamics of artistic exchange during the medieval period. This volume re-approaches the impressive material legacy from the medieval period in Georgia with a variety of new methodological approaches. The ten articles in this volume discuss, among others, general questions of cultural interaction, analyze the relation of liturgy and artistic objects, reexamine famous monuments and present a wide range of unpublished material. Zwischen den Bergketten des Kaukasus gelegen, stand Georgien stets im Kontakt sowohl mit benachbarten Kulturen als auch mit weit entfernten Gebieten wie der Levante und Westeuropa. Stetige politische Umbrüche, darunter Beziehungen zu und Eroberungen durch die benachbarten Reiche der Byzantiner und Seldschuken, machen die Gegend zu einem Vorzeigebeispiel für das Studium der Dynamiken künstlerischen Austausches im Mittelalter. Dieser Band nähert sich den immensen materiellen Zeugnisse aus dieser Periode in Georgien wieder an, unter Verwendung einer Auswahl neuer methodischer Zugänge. Die zehn Beiträge des Bandes besprechen, unter anderem, Fragen kultureller Interaktion, untersuchen die Zusammenhänge zwischen Liturgie und Kunstwerken; unterziehen bekannte Monumente einer neuen Betrachtung und stellen eine breite Auswahl bislang unpublizierten Materials vor.
The problem of cultural influence has attracted particular attention lately in Geor-gian and foreign literary criticism and comparative, historic, and cultural studies. It is dialogue between cultures that makes it easier to overcome centuries-old negative stereotypes , national isolationism, and xenophobia. The roots of literary communications are also to be sought in the valuable process of cultural influence. Intercultural relations which are dating back to centuries is one of the main streams of contemporary comparative studies. Starting from 21 st century in this process are also included former Soviet countries; some notable scientific projects, concerning intercul-tural relations in general and, Francophonie in particular, were conducted in Russia and Belorussia **. It is worthy that recently Georgia also has join the process. French culture reached Georgia first and foremost through the Frenchmen. French public figures-missionaries, aristocrats, writers, diplomats, military ...
Studia Antiqua, 2022
Georgian medieval art and architecture have received little to no attention from western scholarship but have emerged in recent years as a significant field of study. Because of Georgia’s Christian ties, most historians profess that the culture of medieval Georgia was therefore relatively unaffected by the early and later Islamic conquests but was instead largely influenced by the Byzantine and Eastern Christian world. However, I do not agree with this position and believe that the archaeological record demonstrates a certain level of influence from the Islamic world as evidenced in medieval Georgian art and architecture. In this paper, I will demonstrate the Islamic influence by examining religious iconography as well as secular art. To make this analysis, I examine examples of traditional Georgian architecture and art from the Georgian Golden Age and demonstrate the influence of Islamic cultural elements in the development of Georgian art and architecture.
By the end of the first millennium of the Christian era, Georgian monks had for long established themselves far off their home country, in Jerusalem and on Mt. Sinai. With the foundation of the Georgian monastery on Mt. Athos by the Georgian Hagiorites, one more centre of eruditeness was added to what we may call the Georgian diaspora of that time. It is a well-known fact that the leaders of the Iviron monastery, albeit living in a remarkable distance, soon developed a strong influence on theological thought and scholarship in Georgia. The present paper is intended to show that this influence also affected the other „diaspora“ centres, in the Holy Land and on Mt. Sinai, thus presupposing close ties between the three sites and the mother country.
Medioevo greco, 2016
The review article critically analyses a recent study, which had intended to apply the methods of gender studies onto a series of medieval Georgian hagiographic texts, related to women. The review focuses on positive new ideas offered by these methods, but it points out a number of weaknesses, which can endanger a correct comprehension of the texts. Finally, the review reflects on the possibilities of combining a consolidated philological method, firmly established among the most accredited Georgian scholars and corroborated, whenever possible, with the latest results of disciplines that overlap, primarily Greek philology. Through this extensive framework, there is the potential to combine an established method alongside new philological and literary perspectives to interpret the texts within aesthetic and sociological categories.
The Georgian Kingdom and Georgian Art – Cultural Encounters in Anatolia in Medieval Period, Symposium Proceedings, 15 May 2014, Ankara, 2021
This book, comprising the proceedings of the 2014 Symposium “The Georgian Kingdom and Georgian Art” of symposium series on “Cultural Encounters in Anatolia during the Middle Ages” organized at Koç University's Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center, fills an important research gap in the historical principality of Tao-Klarjeti. Tao-Klarjeti is a term coined in the 19th century by the academic language of the 19th century to define medieval Georgian heritage and movable and immovable objects, relating to the historic Georgian provinces of T'ao, K'larjeti, Shavsheti, Erusheti, K'ola, Oltisi, and Sp'eri. Nowadays the majority of the archaeological sites and architectural remains of Tao-Klarjeti are located in the northeastern regions of the Republic of Turkey, in Erzurum, Artvin, and Ardahan. Most of the movable pieces — sculptures, manuscripts, icons, and other liturgical objects — are preserved in museums and repositories in Georgia. This volume consists of two sections. The first is dedicated to the publication of the conference papers and essays by the leading and young scholars in the field. The second section covers three different aspects of Tao-Klarjeti Heritage: 1) annexes of thirty-one most important sites with the emphasis on history and art and architecture, 2) sculptures and 3) a catalog of seventy-two manuscripts that were related to Tao-Klarjeti. Book provides a substantial bibliographical survey, and is richly illustrated with the map, drawings, and photos, in total 535 images. This work offers invaluable help for all those working on the medieval art and architecture of Georgia and its cultural encounters in Anatolia. Table of Contents Transliteration Table Monuments in Historic Tao-Klarjeti, Table Foreword by Filiz Yenisehirlioglu Introduction by Irene Giviashvili Part 1 Fahriye Bayram, Tao-Klarjeti: A Brief History and Surveys K. Kutgün Eyüpgiller, Tuğba Barlık Vardı, Serda Torus, Two Outstanding Medieval Buildings in North-East Anatolia: Ishkhani and Oshk’i Churches Nino Simonishvili, A Visual Concept of Royal Legitimacy: The Sculpted Program of St. John the Baptist Church of Oshk’i David Khoshtaria, Builders of the Churches of Tao-Klarjeti: Some Preliminary Notes Osman Aytekin, Archaeological Discoveries at Shavsheti Castle from the Bagrat’ionis Rule to the Ottoman Period Selda Uygun Yazıcı, Facade Articulation and Architectural Ornamentations of the Yeni Rabat Monastery Church Part 2 Irene Giviashvili & Natia Khizanishvili, Medieval Georgian Monuments of Tao-Klarjeti Turgay Yazar, Stone Ornaments in Tao-Klarjeti Architecture Nikoloz Zhghenti, Tao-Klarjeti: Heritage of Manuscripts Index DISTRIBUTED FOR Koc University Press by University of Chicago University Press https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/publisher/pu3432596_3432597.html
Georgian Christian Thought and Its Cultural Context, 2014
Georgian Chronicles. Book I. Introduction to the Georgian Chronicles. [English Abstracts according to the chapters], 2019
Chapter I. What is the Georgian Chronicles? Chapter II. The Issue of the Credibility of the Georgian Chronicles in Historiography. Chapter III. Dissemination of the Georgian Chronicles. Chapter IV. The Authors of the Georgian Chronicles – Juansher and Leonti Mroveli. Chapter V. The Introductory Story of the Georgian Chronicles – the Life of the Georgian Kings and Forefathers and Ancestors. Chapter VI. The Structure of the Georgian Chronicles by Juansher. Chapter VII. The Post-Juansherian Period of the Development of the Georgian Chronicles. Chapter VIII. The Geography of the Georgian Chronicles. Chapter IX. The Chronology of the Georgian Chronicles. Chapter X. The Georgian Chronicles and the Church of Georgia Chapter XI. The Worldview (Philosophy) of the Georgian Chronicles. Chapter XII. Methodology of Working on the Georgian Chronicles. * "ქართველთა ცხოვრების" პირველი წიგნი "შესავალი ქართველთა ცხოვრებაში" / The First book of "Georgian Chronicles. Introduction to the Georgian Chronicles.” * ინგლისურენოვანი აბსტრაქტები თავების მიხედვით/The short abstracts are available in the English language. * გამოყენებულ ლიტერატურას იხილავთ წიგნის სრულ ვერსიაში/References are available in the full text.
Issues of Teaching Classics, 2018
The papers delivered at different seminars and conferences held in Georgia and abroad are presented in the book. The paper “Classical Studies in Soviet Georgia” (Co-authors: Irine Darchia and Maia Shukhoshvili) has been presented by Maia Shukhoshvili) at the International Conference: “Classics & Class: Teaching Greek and Latin behind the Iron Curtain”. Organizers: University of Ljubljana (Slovenia), University of Warsaw (Poland) Dates: 26-28 September, 2013, Ljubljana (Slovenia).
2021
Georgian-Iranian cultural contacts have a long history and deep roots. The Georgian culture has adopted and originally transformed artistic and spiritual achievements of the neighbouring Iran. These influences significantly touched all the spheres of the Georgian cultural lifeliterature, language, art and science. 1 From the very beginning, Georgians were inspired with high artistic and melodious Persian literature. In spite of political and national-religious hostility, Georgian scholars translated and "interpreted" with great erudition and diligence Persian poetic masterpieces, which at that time became an essential part of the Georgian national literature. This was conditioned by the high artistic level of these translations, and existence of relative motives in Georgian artistic thought (didactics, heroics, romance et cetera). 2 Scientific works of Georgian scientists, created in the Middle Ages, contain rich material for studying Georgian-Oriental cultural relations, revealing the role of Georgian intellectuals, translators and "(re)
XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference Social and Economic Aspects of Education in Modern Society Vol.1, November 25, 2020, Warsaw, Poland, 2020
Global international project of the 70-80-s of the XVIII century envisaging a new distribution of Europe based on the areas of the Ottoman Empire is reviewed in the article. This topic acquires a final feature in a conceptual form in the correspondence between Catherine II and the Emperor of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire Josephus II under the name of "Greek Project". The article is a scientific fragment of a monograph, reviewing the Greek Project in regard of the Caucasus for the first time in historiography. Initially, Soviet historiography strictly separated itself from the Greek Project, since the objective research of the latter would ensure presenting the Russian Empire as an aggressive state. Afterwards, the research of this project was converted into a narrow political framework and presented as a plan to conquer Crimea. The Greek Project can be unequivocally considered as a key to the history of Georgia of 50-80-ies of the XVIII century. A number of studies have shown that numerous problematic questions remain unanswered until the present day without considering the Greek Project. Patience and tolerance shown by the King of Kartli-Kakheti Erekle II towards the Russian intrigues cannot be explained without the Greek Project. Georgia acquires qualitatively different and desired form of all time through the implementation of the Greek Project. The Greek Project is an attempt to create a Christian global political model, a political background that can serve as a precondition for the restoration of a real united Caucasian Home, ensuring a guarantee of irreversible development and security for all royal principalities and khanate in the Caucasus. This is the reason, the state oriented thinker Erekle II, avoids responding with aggression to the permanent intrigues of Russia. Erekle II tries to get involved in this great political game as a sovereign of a full-fledged political entity. Such attitude of Erekle is a guarantee of success for the Imperial Court of St. Petersburg. However, Russia chooses a completely different way-confronting Erekle's benevolent alliance with hostile, imperial sentiments. The main message of these sentiments is that a united Caucasus, independent Georgian kingdoms for Russia is considered to be an anti-Russian phenomenon. This consistent and hostile attitude towards the Caucasus became the reason for the failure of Russian policy-it could neither establish a model of Christian globalization nor neutralize the Ottomans. Therefore, the study and understanding of the referred problem is rather important to determine the directions and priorities of modern political processes.
International journal of educational spectrum, 2021
In Georgia, the issue of education has always been a priority for the government of all times, with a focus on further development. In 2005, when Georgia joined the Bologna Process, significant reforms were made in the higher education system. Higher education programs are described in the European Credit Transfer System. Accordingly, the diploma supplement is approved following the rules developed in Europe. The paper examines the compatibility of the country's education system with the law, according to which the existing higher education institutions must comply with both internal and external quality assurance mechanisms. The external quality assurance system of Georgia consists of authorization and program accreditation, and external quality assurance is provided by LEPL National Center for Education Quality Development. The paper presents the ways and means of Georgia's firm establishment in the European educational space and the contribution of the National Center for Quality Development in Education so that the quality of education received in Georgia fully meets national and international requirements.
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