Report ICCT International Launch Conference

The terrorist attacks at New York, London and Madrid have changed the global landscape for international security and intelligence services. More importantly, The deadliest terrorist attack of 9/11 has provided the foundation to convert traditional security measures into transnational dimension. This mega incident has reshaped the perception of international community for threats of terrorism. Thus, after the perceived failure of intelligence services, it was necessitated that both intelligence and security management agencies should integrate their intelligence skills and form coordination for establishing effective mechanism on counter terrorism. The current research is aimed at making a review of the international collective efforts on combating terrorism after the mega terrorist attack of 9/11. At has evaluated the overall weaknesses of the system of global security and intelligence sharing.

Defence and Peace Economics, 2011

In this symposium the editors of Defence and Peace Economics present three refereed articles by select authors who have made significant contributions to the understanding of terrorism in the past ten years. The first article, by Max Abrams, explores the efficacy of terrorism in achieving its stated goals. Abrams (2006a, 2006b, 2012) was among the first to bring quantitative analysis to bear on the question of whether or not terrorism is a successful form of (violent) political coercion. His article presents the evolution of thinking on the apparent lack of success of terrorism as a coercive enterprise and identifies the need for additional quantitative and theoretical research on the purposes of terrorism. The second article is by João Faria, who has made seminal contributions to the understanding of terrorism cycles (Faria 2003) and the dynamics of terrorism support and recruitment (Faria and Arce 2005). His contribution to this special issue is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to use integro-differential equations to dynamically model the interaction between terrorism and tourism. Here, the behavior of terrorism (its derivative) is not only affected by its current level of terrorism but also its volume (total amount of terrorism produced since time zero) as measured by its integral. The third article is by Blomberg, Ghadhi and Hess. 1 Their symposium article is an examination the effect of terrorism on the crafting and proposal of terrorism legislation within the US. They bring to bear a new dataset for terrorism studies, and ensure the integrity of their dataset through measures of inter-coder reliability. As reports of inter-coder reliability measures are conspicuously absent in the most widelyused terrorism datasets, we applaud their effort and hope to see more of this in the future. Defence and Peace Economics has been, and will continue to be, the major outlet for publications on the economics and political economy of terrorism. We hope that you enjoy this symposium References Abrahms, Max. (2006a) Why Terrorism Does Not Work. International Security 31(2) 42-78. Abrahms, Max. (2006b) Al Qaeda's scorecard: A progress report on Al Qaeda's objectives. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 29(5) 509-529. Abrahms, Max. (2012) The political effectiveness of terrorism revisited. Comparative Political Studies, forthcoming. 1 Blomberg, Hess and Orphanides' (2004) is one of the most widely-cited articles on the effects of terrorism on growth.

This survey of terrorism research focused on research studies published in the first five years after the 9/11 attacks. It highlights a number of positive trends which can be seen in this initial period after 9/11. To begin with, it is clear that more researchers are working on the subject than before and there has been a real increase in collaborative studies. This allows studies to be more ambitious in both data-collection and data analysis, though there has only been a very small shift away from literature review-based research. There has, however, been a much more promising increase in the use of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The use of inferential statistics on terrorism data in particular has more than trebled since 9/11, a trend which can only help improve the reliability and validity of the conclusions being reached by researchers. Admittedly, this is an increase starting from an extremely low level indeed (and still compares poorly to core journals in other areas) but it is unquestionably a major step in the right direction. 27

Strathmore Law Journal

There have been thousands of public conferences and closed-door meetings on terrorism and counter-terrorism since 11 September 2001. They usually end up with recommendations and then everybody goes home after the group photo has been taken. This article will deal with the following questions: what happened to all these recommendations? Who has acted upon them and actually implemented them? Who has evaluated them? Were they any good? Specifically, it will analyze five critical issues: (i) the definition problem; (ii) the communication problem; (iii) the political problem; (iv) the religious problem; (v) the radicalization problem. Finally, it will be provided twelve rules for preventing and combating terrorism.

The September 11 attacks seem to be a turning point in terms of counterterrorism policy. It makes us fully and clearly aware of the presence and the scale of the threat that terrorism carries, and tragically emphasizes the change in the image of political violence’s and the international community. Although the feeling that terrorism has become the major threat to global security and the stability of the international order has been growing for decades, it has never been more evident than it is today. Thus, the first years of the twenty-first century are marked by “the war on terrorism”. The most powerful state on the globe, having won the Cold War confrontation, today treats terrorism – rightly or not - as the most serious threat to its national security and strategic interests. Hence, in a sense, terrorism is shaping national and international policies at the highest level. Terrorists operate currently on a global scale and they even have the opportunity to directly influence the political processes of liberal democracies (as the outcomes of the March 11 attacks in Madrid demonstrate). In one of the newer studies on counterterrorism Yonah Alexander, states that „the United States and the international coalition have recognized that the future terrorist challenge demands from them no less resolve than was required to combat Nazism and Fascism during the last century .” Unfortunately, terrorism has no capital in either Berlin or Rome. “The war on terrorism” cannot end with a military victory parade and Nuremberg war trials. We should remember that terrorism, both as a form of political violence and extremely cost-effective tool of political influence, has ancient roots and probably will survive in the future in one incarnation or another. Terrorism is not a group of people, an organization or even a complex of interests. It serves and will continue to serve various purposes, will be shaped by various conflicts and factors. We can compare terrorism to a constantly evolving virus with many varieties – it penetrates societies and uses their immunological systems against themselves. It is therefore necessary to examine the most important and controversial aspects of counterterrorism in the world of new, transnational terrorism after 9/11.

I hereby declare that all information in this thesis has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work; otherwise I accept all legal responsibility.

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 2020

GLOBAL TERRORISM AND NATURAL DISASTERS: Path to Environmental Sustainability, Social and Economic Justice, 2024

While terrorism may not currently occupy the forefront of most Americans' thoughts, the United States' counterterrorism (CT) community continues to demonstrate unwavering commitment towards safeguarding the nation, its citizens, and its allies against acts of terrorist aggression. The United States following the tragedy of the 9/11 event, found itself in a need to develop seamless global partnerships with many countries around the world. The strategy was to coalesce these partners in a unified front against terrorism. “Global war on terrorism" is an example of a war metaphor, which implies that terrorism is a formidable enemy that requires a unified effort from countries worldwide to combat it. This metaphor has been used by governments to galvanize public support and resources to fight against terrorism. To achieve success in this ongoing and crucial endeavor, it is imperative that global community counterterrorism practitioners possess the necessary adaptability, knowledge, and resources to effectively identify, alert against, and counteract worldwide terrorist risks, considering the ever-changing nature of terrorist strategies and techniques. The agility of America’s CT architecture is crucial in promptly detecting emerging threats and effectively addressing persistent difficulties that may create opportunities for terrorists to carry out attacks. Underpinning this research review are the Conflict Theory, Religion as a Political Philosophy and the abandonment theory of personality disorders as observed playing an influencing role in the recruitment for terrorism as lone wolves’ actors. During a high-level conference on enhancing international cooperation against terrorism, a prominent United Nations counter-terrorism officials emphasized that while terrorists have adeptly exploited the Internet and other emerging technologies as, cyberterrorism, and artificial intelligence (AI) represents a formidable asset in combating their activities. Likewise, AI can be used against any nation by its adversaries. Whether or not the “War” is being won is highly subjective and will be addressed in a pragmatic way. It should be remembered that “one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter.” This chapter is organized to explore historical perspectives, contemporary trends, strategies, and related developments in the ongoing struggle against the global scourge of terrorism. Keywords: Terrorism, Global Strategies in War on Terrorism, Contemporary Trends in Terrorism, Terrorism and Who’s Winning?