Het doel van deze studie is om bodemdaling, de gevolgen van bodemdaling en het effect van mogelij... more Het doel van deze studie is om bodemdaling, de gevolgen van bodemdaling en het effect van mogelijke maatregelen in de Nederlandse laagveengebieden op een transparante manier in beeld te brengen. Dat doen we voor zowel het landelijk als stedelijk gebied. Deze studie laat de handelingsopties voor bestuurders zien voor afgewogen keuzes in het landelijk en stedelijk gebied ten aanzien van dilemma’s in de laagveengebieden die nu al op hun bord liggen of mogelijk in de toekomst zullen gaan spelen. Daarvoor kijken we naar een breed scala van effecten van bodemdaling, zoals de effecten op de landbouw en voedselproductie, het waterbeheer, het klimaat (CO2-emissie), natuur en landschap, en de bebouwde omgeving inclusief de infrastructuur. We geven een beeld van de orde van grootte van de problemen die door bodemdaling worden veroorzaakt en geven inzicht in de kosten en baten van bodemdaling. We kijken daarbij naar de gevolgen voor natuur, klimaat, landbouw, (water)beheer, wonen en infrastructuur.
Contemporary policy making calls for scientific support to anticipate the possible consequences o... more Contemporary policy making calls for scientific support to anticipate the possible consequences of optional policy decisions on sustainable development. This paper presents an analytical framework for ex ante assessment of economic, social, and environmental impacts of policy driven land use changes that can be used as an aid to policy making. The tasks were to (1) link policy scenarios with land use change simulations, (2) link land use change simulations with environmental, social, and economic impacts through indicators, and (3) valuate the impacts in the context of sustainable development. The outcome was a basis for dialogue at the science-policy interface in the process of developing new policies on the European level that impact on land and land use. The analytical approach provides a logical thread for ex ante impact assessment within the context of sustainable development, land use multifunctionality, and land use change and it provides a thorough discussion of achievements and open challenges related to the framework. It concludes with considerations on the potential for using evidence based ex ante assessments in the process of policy development. The paper is complemented by a B-paper providing exemplary results from two applications of the framework: a financial reform scenario of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, and a bioenergy policy scenario for the case of Poland (Helming et al. 2011).
and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requi... more and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Les arbres fruitiers sahéliens dans l'économie rurale; Cas du Burkina Faso et du Mali., 2010
This document is the report of a questionnaire survey in nine villages in Mali andBurkina Faso on... more This document is the report of a questionnaire survey in nine villages in Mali andBurkina Faso on the importance of fruits and other products of indigenous fruittrees. These trees are part of the agricultural landscape of the West Africansavanna. The study is concerned with the role of these trees for the diet as wellas for rural incomes. It also attempts to find out whether it is the poorestgroups or the relatively rich who profit from these trees. It is shown that theproducts of these trees are indeed important ro rural households; however, thecorrelation between socio-economic position and the use of non-timber forestproducts is modest and restricted to a few products. The study is part of theSAFRUIT project, financed by the European Union with co-financing from thepartners. It was carried out by a team from LEI Wageningen UR, the NationalCentre of Forestry Seeds of Burkina Faso and the Institute of Rural Economicsof Mali.
This paper proposes an approach for assessing the effectiveness of those agri-environmental schem... more This paper proposes an approach for assessing the effectiveness of those agri-environmental schemes and rural development measures aimed at enhancing the natural value of farmland and, more generally, aimed at releasing the pressure on the environment due to agriculture. First, based on fine scale data, indicators derived from the High Nature Value farmland concept are tested at different scales, resolutions and situations: LAU2 for The Netherlands and LAU1 for France. The effect of rural development measures on the evolution of these indicators is then explored. Significant cause-effect relationships are found in the French cases, while only relationships of correlations are observed from the Dutch case study, obviously caused by a lack of data. Using fine scale data on rural development measures related to both 2000-2006 and 2007-2013 programming periods of the Common Agricultural Policy, a spatial econometrics methodology is applied to France, at national level on the one hand, and at a selected NUTS2 level on the other. The results indicate that agri-environmental schemes and specific rural development measures affect the changes in the indicators, and that the spatial scale of the analyses matters. In particular, results indicate that trends observed at the national scale do not necessarily apply at the regional scale (e.g. impacts of conversion to organic farming, the grassland premium, payments for water and biodiversity protection) underlining the importance of multi-scale assessments. Interestingly, delayed effects of the measures implemented in the 2000-2006 programming period, such as machinery investment aids and less-favoured area payments, are detectable. As regards the 2007-2013 rural development measures, the most significant positive effects on the farm nature value indicator are found, at the national level, for locally targeted agri-environmental schemes focused on biodiversity and water issues and, at the NUTS2 level, for supporting organic farming schemes. Given that the farm nature value indicator is built from three different indices (addressing crop diversity, grassland share, and wooded and afforested farmland) the effect of rural development measures on each of these individual indices is also explored. This enables the main structure and the magnitude of policy impacts to be captured and helps with the understanding of why certain objectives were not met. Key findings are relevant in the context of policy monitoring and evaluation, while the methodology proposed, that incorporates spatial effects, is an important contribution to the implementation of the Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework by Member States to account for national, regional or local characteristics.
VOLUME 1. THE ORIGINS OF HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES: WAR AND DISPLACEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES V... more VOLUME 1. THE ORIGINS OF HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES: WAR AND DISPLACEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES VOLUME 2. WEAK STATES AND VULNERABLE ECONOMIES: HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
The impact of policy scenarios on economic welfare and the environment depends to a large extent ... more The impact of policy scenarios on economic welfare and the environment depends to a large extent on their direct effect on land use: a strong increase in the cultivation of legumes means a significant environmental impact and a sizeable impact on other variables such as farmers' incomes, cost to taxpayers and imports and exports. The impact of realistic policy alternatives aimed at promoting legumes is likely to be limited. In particular, they may not be able to reverse the trend in the decline of grain legumes.
In the context of the SPARD project, WP5 has the objectives to: a) prove that the methodology is ... more In the context of the SPARD project, WP5 has the objectives to: a) prove that the methodology is feasible at different scales of application; b) that the modelling results are reliable for further specification by using and processing data of higher or different quality (more disaggregated, higher spatial resolution, specific properties).This deliverable D5.1 contains the results of the task 5.1 which aims at the qualitative identification of the causal relationship at case study area (CSA) level and at screening the data available in view of task 5.2.In order to meet such objective, this document includes three main components: a) Description of RDP implementation in each case study area, b) identification of determinants of participation and expected spillover mechanisms; c) first docuementation of available information at local level.The CSAs are differentiated with respect the programming level, the set and the design of measures and the priority mechanisms implemented. The resu...
There is a great demand for high-protein materials for livestock feed in Europe and European agri... more There is a great demand for high-protein materials for livestock feed in Europe and European agriculture has a deficit of about 70% high protein materials of which 87% is met by imported soybean and soy meal. This reflects the fact that grain legumes are currently under represented in European agriculture and produced on only 1.5 % of the arable land in Europe compared with 14.5% on a worldwide basis. Several grain legumes have the potential to replace at least some of the soya currently used in the diets of monogastric animals, ruminants and fish. There are also opportunities for greater use of legumes in new foods. Here we review the contribution of ecosystem services by grain legumes in European agriculture starting with provisioning services in terms of food and feed and moving on to the contribution they make to both regulating and supporting services which are in part due to the diversity which these crops bring to cropping systems. We explore the need to understand grain legu...
Het doel van deze studie is om bodemdaling, de gevolgen van bodemdaling en het effect van mogelij... more Het doel van deze studie is om bodemdaling, de gevolgen van bodemdaling en het effect van mogelijke maatregelen in de Nederlandse laagveengebieden op een transparante manier in beeld te brengen. Dat doen we voor zowel het landelijk als stedelijk gebied. Deze studie laat de handelingsopties voor bestuurders zien voor afgewogen keuzes in het landelijk en stedelijk gebied ten aanzien van dilemma’s in de laagveengebieden die nu al op hun bord liggen of mogelijk in de toekomst zullen gaan spelen. Daarvoor kijken we naar een breed scala van effecten van bodemdaling, zoals de effecten op de landbouw en voedselproductie, het waterbeheer, het klimaat (CO2-emissie), natuur en landschap, en de bebouwde omgeving inclusief de infrastructuur. We geven een beeld van de orde van grootte van de problemen die door bodemdaling worden veroorzaakt en geven inzicht in de kosten en baten van bodemdaling. We kijken daarbij naar de gevolgen voor natuur, klimaat, landbouw, (water)beheer, wonen en infrastructuur.
Contemporary policy making calls for scientific support to anticipate the possible consequences o... more Contemporary policy making calls for scientific support to anticipate the possible consequences of optional policy decisions on sustainable development. This paper presents an analytical framework for ex ante assessment of economic, social, and environmental impacts of policy driven land use changes that can be used as an aid to policy making. The tasks were to (1) link policy scenarios with land use change simulations, (2) link land use change simulations with environmental, social, and economic impacts through indicators, and (3) valuate the impacts in the context of sustainable development. The outcome was a basis for dialogue at the science-policy interface in the process of developing new policies on the European level that impact on land and land use. The analytical approach provides a logical thread for ex ante impact assessment within the context of sustainable development, land use multifunctionality, and land use change and it provides a thorough discussion of achievements and open challenges related to the framework. It concludes with considerations on the potential for using evidence based ex ante assessments in the process of policy development. The paper is complemented by a B-paper providing exemplary results from two applications of the framework: a financial reform scenario of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, and a bioenergy policy scenario for the case of Poland (Helming et al. 2011).
and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requi... more and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Les arbres fruitiers sahéliens dans l'économie rurale; Cas du Burkina Faso et du Mali., 2010
This document is the report of a questionnaire survey in nine villages in Mali andBurkina Faso on... more This document is the report of a questionnaire survey in nine villages in Mali andBurkina Faso on the importance of fruits and other products of indigenous fruittrees. These trees are part of the agricultural landscape of the West Africansavanna. The study is concerned with the role of these trees for the diet as wellas for rural incomes. It also attempts to find out whether it is the poorestgroups or the relatively rich who profit from these trees. It is shown that theproducts of these trees are indeed important ro rural households; however, thecorrelation between socio-economic position and the use of non-timber forestproducts is modest and restricted to a few products. The study is part of theSAFRUIT project, financed by the European Union with co-financing from thepartners. It was carried out by a team from LEI Wageningen UR, the NationalCentre of Forestry Seeds of Burkina Faso and the Institute of Rural Economicsof Mali.
This paper proposes an approach for assessing the effectiveness of those agri-environmental schem... more This paper proposes an approach for assessing the effectiveness of those agri-environmental schemes and rural development measures aimed at enhancing the natural value of farmland and, more generally, aimed at releasing the pressure on the environment due to agriculture. First, based on fine scale data, indicators derived from the High Nature Value farmland concept are tested at different scales, resolutions and situations: LAU2 for The Netherlands and LAU1 for France. The effect of rural development measures on the evolution of these indicators is then explored. Significant cause-effect relationships are found in the French cases, while only relationships of correlations are observed from the Dutch case study, obviously caused by a lack of data. Using fine scale data on rural development measures related to both 2000-2006 and 2007-2013 programming periods of the Common Agricultural Policy, a spatial econometrics methodology is applied to France, at national level on the one hand, and at a selected NUTS2 level on the other. The results indicate that agri-environmental schemes and specific rural development measures affect the changes in the indicators, and that the spatial scale of the analyses matters. In particular, results indicate that trends observed at the national scale do not necessarily apply at the regional scale (e.g. impacts of conversion to organic farming, the grassland premium, payments for water and biodiversity protection) underlining the importance of multi-scale assessments. Interestingly, delayed effects of the measures implemented in the 2000-2006 programming period, such as machinery investment aids and less-favoured area payments, are detectable. As regards the 2007-2013 rural development measures, the most significant positive effects on the farm nature value indicator are found, at the national level, for locally targeted agri-environmental schemes focused on biodiversity and water issues and, at the NUTS2 level, for supporting organic farming schemes. Given that the farm nature value indicator is built from three different indices (addressing crop diversity, grassland share, and wooded and afforested farmland) the effect of rural development measures on each of these individual indices is also explored. This enables the main structure and the magnitude of policy impacts to be captured and helps with the understanding of why certain objectives were not met. Key findings are relevant in the context of policy monitoring and evaluation, while the methodology proposed, that incorporates spatial effects, is an important contribution to the implementation of the Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework by Member States to account for national, regional or local characteristics.
VOLUME 1. THE ORIGINS OF HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES: WAR AND DISPLACEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES V... more VOLUME 1. THE ORIGINS OF HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES: WAR AND DISPLACEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES VOLUME 2. WEAK STATES AND VULNERABLE ECONOMIES: HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
The impact of policy scenarios on economic welfare and the environment depends to a large extent ... more The impact of policy scenarios on economic welfare and the environment depends to a large extent on their direct effect on land use: a strong increase in the cultivation of legumes means a significant environmental impact and a sizeable impact on other variables such as farmers' incomes, cost to taxpayers and imports and exports. The impact of realistic policy alternatives aimed at promoting legumes is likely to be limited. In particular, they may not be able to reverse the trend in the decline of grain legumes.
In the context of the SPARD project, WP5 has the objectives to: a) prove that the methodology is ... more In the context of the SPARD project, WP5 has the objectives to: a) prove that the methodology is feasible at different scales of application; b) that the modelling results are reliable for further specification by using and processing data of higher or different quality (more disaggregated, higher spatial resolution, specific properties).This deliverable D5.1 contains the results of the task 5.1 which aims at the qualitative identification of the causal relationship at case study area (CSA) level and at screening the data available in view of task 5.2.In order to meet such objective, this document includes three main components: a) Description of RDP implementation in each case study area, b) identification of determinants of participation and expected spillover mechanisms; c) first docuementation of available information at local level.The CSAs are differentiated with respect the programming level, the set and the design of measures and the priority mechanisms implemented. The resu...
There is a great demand for high-protein materials for livestock feed in Europe and European agri... more There is a great demand for high-protein materials for livestock feed in Europe and European agriculture has a deficit of about 70% high protein materials of which 87% is met by imported soybean and soy meal. This reflects the fact that grain legumes are currently under represented in European agriculture and produced on only 1.5 % of the arable land in Europe compared with 14.5% on a worldwide basis. Several grain legumes have the potential to replace at least some of the soya currently used in the diets of monogastric animals, ruminants and fish. There are also opportunities for greater use of legumes in new foods. Here we review the contribution of ecosystem services by grain legumes in European agriculture starting with provisioning services in terms of food and feed and moving on to the contribution they make to both regulating and supporting services which are in part due to the diversity which these crops bring to cropping systems. We explore the need to understand grain legu...
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