Can’t renew (stripe)

Issue: Users cannot change payment method (Stripe). Clicking “Renew” loads a page where the Stripe card form (Stripe Elements) is missing and a randon custom field appears instead.
Note: the Stripe form displays correctly on the subscription page — the problem only occurs on the renewal/change-payment screen.

https://assets.b9.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/renovacao-tela-stripe.png

Steps to reproduce:

1. Log in as a subscribed user.
2. Go to Account / Subscriptions.
3. Click Renew — Stripe form does not appear; custom field displays.
   

What I checked:

• Stripe keys and mode correct
• Plugin appears up-to-date
• Issue occurs across browsers

The page I need help with: [log in to see the link]