This paper proposes Synchronised Hyperedge Replacement (SHR) as a suitable modelling framework fo... more This paper proposes Synchronised Hyperedge Replacement (SHR) as a suitable modelling framework for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). SHR facilitates explicit modelling of WSNs applications environmental conditions (that significantly affect applications performance) while providing a sufficiently high level of abstraction for the specification of the underling coordination mechanisms. Because it is an intractable problem to solve in distributed manner, and distribution is important, we propose a new Nutrient-flow-based Distributed Clustering (NDC) algorithm to be used as a working example. The key contribution of this work is to demonstrate that SHR is sufficiently expressive to describe WSNs algorithms and their behaviour at a suitable level of abstraction to allow onward analysis.
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Performance monitoring and measurement of heterogeneous wireless and wired networks, 2007
Greater availability and affordability of wireless technology has led to an increase in the numbe... more Greater availability and affordability of wireless technology has led to an increase in the number of wireless sensor network(WSN) applications where sense data is collected at a central user point, commonly outside (geographically and topologically) the network, for processing. Resource constraints on nodes in the network coupled with considerable redundancy in the data generated mean that applications have to be developed with an eye to maximising energy efficiency in order to extend network life. In-network computation, and in particular in-network information extraction from data, has been promoted as a technique for achieving this aim. In-network processing, however, has been limited to systems where at most, simple aggregate queries are evaluated, the results of which are communicated to the outside world. There is currently little research into how the idea of in-network processing can be extended and implemented to allow more complex queries to be resolved within the network. This paper examines key applicative query-based approaches that utilise in-network processing for query resolution, identifies their strengths and limitations and puts forward ideas for facilitating innetwork complex query processing in WSNs. Finally, preliminary results of experiments, where in-network attribute-based logical abstractions are used for processing complex queries, are presented.
2007 Fourth International Conference on Networked Sensing Systems, 2007
Wireless sensor networks typically gather data at a number of locations. However, it is desirable... more Wireless sensor networks typically gather data at a number of locations. However, it is desirable to be able to design applications and reason about the data in more abstract forms than points of data. This paper examines one way in which this can be done. By bestowing the ability to predict inter-node values upon the network, it is proposed that it will become possible to build applications that are unaware of the concrete reality of sparse data. This interpolation capability is realised as a service of the network. We present an implementation of this service and discuss its merits and shortcomings. Additionally, we present an initial application of the service in the form of isopleth generation. That is, the delineation of contours of constant parameter value. Finally, we discuss the improvements required to create more sophisticated applications and services and examine the benefits these improvements would bring.
As research on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) matures and the number of real life deployments in... more As research on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) matures and the number of real life deployments increases, locationing (the problem of finding the physical placing of sensors without prior knowledge of their position) is attracting considerable interest. In almost any WSN application, localization knowledge within the network is a necessity, be it for identifying the source of the data and/or for aiding routing and other network services. Locationing is however, essential for the deployment of field sensing applications (ie, the ...
The xxxxxxxx approached xxxxxxxx with a view to exploring the way in which visualisation could be... more The xxxxxxxx approached xxxxxxxx with a view to exploring the way in which visualisation could be used to assist in the communication and development of their CCARC with different skill sets. The final animation has been used to publicise and explain the work of the group to wider audiences who may be unfamiliar with the domain and as a teaching resource in both faculties.
This document is the author's final manuscript version of the article, incorporating any revision... more This document is the author's final manuscript version of the article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.
Recently, much discussion has taken place within the Python programming community on how best to ... more Recently, much discussion has taken place within the Python programming community on how best to support concurrent programming. This paper describes a new Python library, python-csp, which implements synchronous, message-passing concurrency based on Hoare's Communicating Sequential Processes. Although other CSP libraries have been written for Python, python-csp has a number of novel fea- tures. The library is implemented both as
Pennies from Heaven: A Retrospective on the Use of Wireless Sensor Networks for Planetary Exploration
2008 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems, 2008
Wireless sensor networks are finding many applications in terrestrial sensing. It seems natural t... more Wireless sensor networks are finding many applications in terrestrial sensing. It seems natural to propose their use for planetary exploration. A previous study (the Mars daisy) has put forward a scenario using thousands of millimeter scale wireless sensor nodes to undertake a ...
Tenth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV'06), 2006
The sciences often find it difficult to present complex ideas to audiences in ways that are infor... more The sciences often find it difficult to present complex ideas to audiences in ways that are informative and interesting. This is problematic, when the public needs to enter into a debate about new ideas, during conferences when vast amounts of information on diverse subjects are presented in a very short time, and in lectures when experts present fundamental principles to novices. Given our relatively short attention spans, boredom thresholds and limited capacity to assimilate new information, it is essential that the medium is an effective conveyor of the message, and in itself helps the receiver to remain alert and focused whilst also presenting information in a clear and unambiguous manner. The development of a new area of research, cogent computing, provided an opportunity to produce an effective, animation-based information communication tool, in the form of an application scenario, to be used for communicating to students, wider audiences and the design and development team itself, technical aspects of pervasive computing.
ASQue: an agent communication language for ad-hoc wireless sensor networks
31st EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, 2005
Abstract In this paper we introduce ASQue (agent sensor queries), a query language for ad-hoc sen... more Abstract In this paper we introduce ASQue (agent sensor queries), a query language for ad-hoc sensor networks. ASQue is formally defined (in B) and is based on a restricted form of first order logic. We present a scenario where ASQue might be used, and illustrate the network communication needed to extract a required piece of information from the network.
Proceedings of the 23rd annual international conference on Design of communication documenting & designing for pervasive information - SIGDOC '05, 2005
Abstract It is difficult to present new, complex ideas in ways that are informative and interesti... more Abstract It is difficult to present new, complex ideas in ways that are informative and interesting in situations where a vast amount of information has to be delivered and understood quickly. Given short attention spans, boredom thresholds and limited capacity to assimilate new information, it is essential to use an effective conveyor of the message, which presents the content in a clear and unambiguous manner whilst helping the receiver to remain alert and focused and integrate the information with existing knowledge. This ...
Rfid-based traceability along the food-production chain [Wireless Corner]
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2014
ABSTRACT This contribution explains and analyzes the use of RFID (radio-frequency identification)... more ABSTRACT This contribution explains and analyzes the use of RFID (radio-frequency identification) for defining a complete traceability system applied to the food-production chain. The paper contains a summary of the actual work developed to test the ability of radio technologies to perform traceability at different food companies in a variety of sectors: wine, fish, and meat. Each pilot experience is explained, with special emphasis on the radio segment implemented by RFID technologies and sensors, whether connected by wired or as elements of a wireless sensor network. The application of the new RFID-based system at the three investigated sectors, and the return on investment that the companies could obtain by its usage, are the core of the paper.
Inductive as a support of deductive data visualisation in Wireless Sensor Networks
2009 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2009
Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have an intrinsic interdependency with the environments ... more Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have an intrinsic interdependency with the environments in which they operate. The part of the world with which an application is concerned is defined as that application's domain. This paper advocates that an application domain of a WSN can serve as a supplement to analysis, interpretation, and visualisation methods and tools. Utilising a combination of an application domain model and live multimodal sensory data was proven to be an attractive paradigm for improving ...
2009 Eighth International Conference on Networks, 2009
Ever since Descartes introduced planar coordinate systems, visual representations of data have be... more Ever since Descartes introduced planar coordinate systems, visual representations of data have become a widely accepted way of describing scientific phenomena. Modern advances in measurement and instrumentation have required increasingly sophisticated visual representations, to ensure that scientists can quickly and accurately interpret increasingly complex data. Most recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as a technology which is capable of collecting a vast amount of data over space and time. The sheer volume of the data makes it difficult to be interpreted by humans into meaningful insights. This presents a number of challenges for developers of visualisation techniques which seek to "map" the data sensed by a network. Visualisation techniques helps to turn large amounts of raw data into credible visual information such as graphs, charts, or maps, that can assist in understanding of the meaning of that data. In this paper we propose a map as a suitable data visualisation and extraction tool. We aim to develop an in-network distributed information extraction and visualisation service. Such a service would greatly simplify the production of higher-level informationrich representations suitable for informing other network services and the delivery of field information visualisation.
Emotions for intelligent agents in crisis management simulations: A survey
2012 17th International Conference on Computer Games (CGAMES), 2012
ABSTRACT Intelligent agents or non-player characters (NPCs) in human interaction scenarios are re... more ABSTRACT Intelligent agents or non-player characters (NPCs) in human interaction scenarios are required to react in ways that are consistent to the training scenario. In many cases these NPCs are controlled by a simple state machine and scripts. The use of these techniques leads to responses that are of poor quality and machine driven. In our work we aim to design a model for incorporating emotional enhancements (concentrating on negative primary emotions such as anger and sadness and also looking at secondary emotions such as anxiety and fear) into intelligent agents. The model will allow NCPs in virtual training applications to simulate human behaviour in crisis management. In this paper, we review current research on models of emotions for intelligent agents in crisis simulations. We identify and discuss key challenges in the area, the psychological theories and contexts in which the models are used and promising research directions.
Proceedings. 2006 31st IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, 2006
The paper presents a thought experiment as to the feasibility of using large scale wireless senso... more The paper presents a thought experiment as to the feasibility of using large scale wireless sensor networks as a vehicle for high level scientific investigation. The discussion is framed by a demanding scenario, that of planetary exploration, and the assessment of feasibility is driven by the available micromachining technologies and recent advances in the areas of ad-hoc networking, communications and intelligent sensing. Following discussion on the development of the mission, the next question addressed is if and how MEMS and VLSI technologies could be integrated to provide a self-contained space probe, 40mm in length. A sensor payload is proposed, which includes means of seismic, chemical, temperature and visual exploration. The power and communications systems are also discussed, based on the needs of a mission profile which provides no special 'base station' nodes on the planet's surface, requiring each sensor package to be capable of information extraction, in-network collaboration and communication with an orbiting satellite. The outcome of the thought experiment described is a positive assertion of feasibility for the sensor node hardware, given current levels of MEMS and VLSI technologies. With respect to the wireless ad-hoc networking aspects of the proposed deployment, pointers are given to the issues which are still necessitating research work, mainly from the computer sciences community.
Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Documentation - SIGDOC '03, 2003
SMIL (Synchronised Multimedia Integration Language) is an XML language for the distribution of sy... more SMIL (Synchronised Multimedia Integration Language) is an XML language for the distribution of synchronised video, sound and other media in presentations, and is likely to be the preferred format for distribution of multimedia presentations that include synchronised and streamed media. Previous work has argued that conventional hypermedia design methods provide insufficient design rigour to allow their use with confidence for safety and mission critical applications. It was shown how formal methods, derived from the theory of computer science, could be applied to the design of hypermedia presentations to provide a rigorous design technique. Two limitations of this work are discussed. The first is its restriction to closed systems. Although it was argued that most safety critical hypermedia systems are closed, this is not the case with many 'mission critical' applications, particularly those in e-business. The second limitation is the application of the technique to a relatively small number of media. Again, safety critical applications tend to be conservative in their use of media, but it would be advantageous for many other application areas if this constraint were not there.This paper discusses how this work may be extended in two key areas to remove these limitations. The first allows the method to be used the design of SMIL presentations, providing a means of rigorous design for synchronised and streamed media, necessary in these media are to be used in safety and mission critical applications, and is achieved by a detailed extension of the underlying models on which the method is based to cover the operation of SMIL.
Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Documentation - SIGDOC '03, 2003
Artificial intelligence techniques have found a number of applications in hypermedia, mostly in t... more Artificial intelligence techniques have found a number of applications in hypermedia, mostly in two specific areas, user interface, particularly adaptive ones and information search and retrieval. There have been fewer cases of application of these techniques to aid the authoring process. This paper studies the applicability of some AI techniques to the authoring process, in particular, helping designers understand and control the structure of a presentation. Categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Constructs and Features-abstract data types, polymorphism, control structures. This is just an example, please use the correct category and subject descriptors for your submission.
This paper proposes Synchronised Hyperedge Replacement (SHR) as a suitable modelling framework fo... more This paper proposes Synchronised Hyperedge Replacement (SHR) as a suitable modelling framework for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). SHR facilitates explicit modelling of WSNs applications environmental conditions (that significantly affect applications performance) while providing a sufficiently high level of abstraction for the specification of the underling coordination mechanisms. Because it is an intractable problem to solve in distributed manner, and distribution is important, we propose a new Nutrient-flow-based Distributed Clustering (NDC) algorithm to be used as a working example. The key contribution of this work is to demonstrate that SHR is sufficiently expressive to describe WSNs algorithms and their behaviour at a suitable level of abstraction to allow onward analysis.
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Performance monitoring and measurement of heterogeneous wireless and wired networks, 2007
Greater availability and affordability of wireless technology has led to an increase in the numbe... more Greater availability and affordability of wireless technology has led to an increase in the number of wireless sensor network(WSN) applications where sense data is collected at a central user point, commonly outside (geographically and topologically) the network, for processing. Resource constraints on nodes in the network coupled with considerable redundancy in the data generated mean that applications have to be developed with an eye to maximising energy efficiency in order to extend network life. In-network computation, and in particular in-network information extraction from data, has been promoted as a technique for achieving this aim. In-network processing, however, has been limited to systems where at most, simple aggregate queries are evaluated, the results of which are communicated to the outside world. There is currently little research into how the idea of in-network processing can be extended and implemented to allow more complex queries to be resolved within the network. This paper examines key applicative query-based approaches that utilise in-network processing for query resolution, identifies their strengths and limitations and puts forward ideas for facilitating innetwork complex query processing in WSNs. Finally, preliminary results of experiments, where in-network attribute-based logical abstractions are used for processing complex queries, are presented.
2007 Fourth International Conference on Networked Sensing Systems, 2007
Wireless sensor networks typically gather data at a number of locations. However, it is desirable... more Wireless sensor networks typically gather data at a number of locations. However, it is desirable to be able to design applications and reason about the data in more abstract forms than points of data. This paper examines one way in which this can be done. By bestowing the ability to predict inter-node values upon the network, it is proposed that it will become possible to build applications that are unaware of the concrete reality of sparse data. This interpolation capability is realised as a service of the network. We present an implementation of this service and discuss its merits and shortcomings. Additionally, we present an initial application of the service in the form of isopleth generation. That is, the delineation of contours of constant parameter value. Finally, we discuss the improvements required to create more sophisticated applications and services and examine the benefits these improvements would bring.
As research on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) matures and the number of real life deployments in... more As research on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) matures and the number of real life deployments increases, locationing (the problem of finding the physical placing of sensors without prior knowledge of their position) is attracting considerable interest. In almost any WSN application, localization knowledge within the network is a necessity, be it for identifying the source of the data and/or for aiding routing and other network services. Locationing is however, essential for the deployment of field sensing applications (ie, the ...
The xxxxxxxx approached xxxxxxxx with a view to exploring the way in which visualisation could be... more The xxxxxxxx approached xxxxxxxx with a view to exploring the way in which visualisation could be used to assist in the communication and development of their CCARC with different skill sets. The final animation has been used to publicise and explain the work of the group to wider audiences who may be unfamiliar with the domain and as a teaching resource in both faculties.
This document is the author's final manuscript version of the article, incorporating any revision... more This document is the author's final manuscript version of the article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.
Recently, much discussion has taken place within the Python programming community on how best to ... more Recently, much discussion has taken place within the Python programming community on how best to support concurrent programming. This paper describes a new Python library, python-csp, which implements synchronous, message-passing concurrency based on Hoare's Communicating Sequential Processes. Although other CSP libraries have been written for Python, python-csp has a number of novel fea- tures. The library is implemented both as
Pennies from Heaven: A Retrospective on the Use of Wireless Sensor Networks for Planetary Exploration
2008 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems, 2008
Wireless sensor networks are finding many applications in terrestrial sensing. It seems natural t... more Wireless sensor networks are finding many applications in terrestrial sensing. It seems natural to propose their use for planetary exploration. A previous study (the Mars daisy) has put forward a scenario using thousands of millimeter scale wireless sensor nodes to undertake a ...
Tenth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV'06), 2006
The sciences often find it difficult to present complex ideas to audiences in ways that are infor... more The sciences often find it difficult to present complex ideas to audiences in ways that are informative and interesting. This is problematic, when the public needs to enter into a debate about new ideas, during conferences when vast amounts of information on diverse subjects are presented in a very short time, and in lectures when experts present fundamental principles to novices. Given our relatively short attention spans, boredom thresholds and limited capacity to assimilate new information, it is essential that the medium is an effective conveyor of the message, and in itself helps the receiver to remain alert and focused whilst also presenting information in a clear and unambiguous manner. The development of a new area of research, cogent computing, provided an opportunity to produce an effective, animation-based information communication tool, in the form of an application scenario, to be used for communicating to students, wider audiences and the design and development team itself, technical aspects of pervasive computing.
ASQue: an agent communication language for ad-hoc wireless sensor networks
31st EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, 2005
Abstract In this paper we introduce ASQue (agent sensor queries), a query language for ad-hoc sen... more Abstract In this paper we introduce ASQue (agent sensor queries), a query language for ad-hoc sensor networks. ASQue is formally defined (in B) and is based on a restricted form of first order logic. We present a scenario where ASQue might be used, and illustrate the network communication needed to extract a required piece of information from the network.
Proceedings of the 23rd annual international conference on Design of communication documenting & designing for pervasive information - SIGDOC '05, 2005
Abstract It is difficult to present new, complex ideas in ways that are informative and interesti... more Abstract It is difficult to present new, complex ideas in ways that are informative and interesting in situations where a vast amount of information has to be delivered and understood quickly. Given short attention spans, boredom thresholds and limited capacity to assimilate new information, it is essential to use an effective conveyor of the message, which presents the content in a clear and unambiguous manner whilst helping the receiver to remain alert and focused and integrate the information with existing knowledge. This ...
Rfid-based traceability along the food-production chain [Wireless Corner]
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2014
ABSTRACT This contribution explains and analyzes the use of RFID (radio-frequency identification)... more ABSTRACT This contribution explains and analyzes the use of RFID (radio-frequency identification) for defining a complete traceability system applied to the food-production chain. The paper contains a summary of the actual work developed to test the ability of radio technologies to perform traceability at different food companies in a variety of sectors: wine, fish, and meat. Each pilot experience is explained, with special emphasis on the radio segment implemented by RFID technologies and sensors, whether connected by wired or as elements of a wireless sensor network. The application of the new RFID-based system at the three investigated sectors, and the return on investment that the companies could obtain by its usage, are the core of the paper.
Inductive as a support of deductive data visualisation in Wireless Sensor Networks
2009 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2009
Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have an intrinsic interdependency with the environments ... more Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have an intrinsic interdependency with the environments in which they operate. The part of the world with which an application is concerned is defined as that application's domain. This paper advocates that an application domain of a WSN can serve as a supplement to analysis, interpretation, and visualisation methods and tools. Utilising a combination of an application domain model and live multimodal sensory data was proven to be an attractive paradigm for improving ...
2009 Eighth International Conference on Networks, 2009
Ever since Descartes introduced planar coordinate systems, visual representations of data have be... more Ever since Descartes introduced planar coordinate systems, visual representations of data have become a widely accepted way of describing scientific phenomena. Modern advances in measurement and instrumentation have required increasingly sophisticated visual representations, to ensure that scientists can quickly and accurately interpret increasingly complex data. Most recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as a technology which is capable of collecting a vast amount of data over space and time. The sheer volume of the data makes it difficult to be interpreted by humans into meaningful insights. This presents a number of challenges for developers of visualisation techniques which seek to "map" the data sensed by a network. Visualisation techniques helps to turn large amounts of raw data into credible visual information such as graphs, charts, or maps, that can assist in understanding of the meaning of that data. In this paper we propose a map as a suitable data visualisation and extraction tool. We aim to develop an in-network distributed information extraction and visualisation service. Such a service would greatly simplify the production of higher-level informationrich representations suitable for informing other network services and the delivery of field information visualisation.
Emotions for intelligent agents in crisis management simulations: A survey
2012 17th International Conference on Computer Games (CGAMES), 2012
ABSTRACT Intelligent agents or non-player characters (NPCs) in human interaction scenarios are re... more ABSTRACT Intelligent agents or non-player characters (NPCs) in human interaction scenarios are required to react in ways that are consistent to the training scenario. In many cases these NPCs are controlled by a simple state machine and scripts. The use of these techniques leads to responses that are of poor quality and machine driven. In our work we aim to design a model for incorporating emotional enhancements (concentrating on negative primary emotions such as anger and sadness and also looking at secondary emotions such as anxiety and fear) into intelligent agents. The model will allow NCPs in virtual training applications to simulate human behaviour in crisis management. In this paper, we review current research on models of emotions for intelligent agents in crisis simulations. We identify and discuss key challenges in the area, the psychological theories and contexts in which the models are used and promising research directions.
Proceedings. 2006 31st IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, 2006
The paper presents a thought experiment as to the feasibility of using large scale wireless senso... more The paper presents a thought experiment as to the feasibility of using large scale wireless sensor networks as a vehicle for high level scientific investigation. The discussion is framed by a demanding scenario, that of planetary exploration, and the assessment of feasibility is driven by the available micromachining technologies and recent advances in the areas of ad-hoc networking, communications and intelligent sensing. Following discussion on the development of the mission, the next question addressed is if and how MEMS and VLSI technologies could be integrated to provide a self-contained space probe, 40mm in length. A sensor payload is proposed, which includes means of seismic, chemical, temperature and visual exploration. The power and communications systems are also discussed, based on the needs of a mission profile which provides no special 'base station' nodes on the planet's surface, requiring each sensor package to be capable of information extraction, in-network collaboration and communication with an orbiting satellite. The outcome of the thought experiment described is a positive assertion of feasibility for the sensor node hardware, given current levels of MEMS and VLSI technologies. With respect to the wireless ad-hoc networking aspects of the proposed deployment, pointers are given to the issues which are still necessitating research work, mainly from the computer sciences community.
Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Documentation - SIGDOC '03, 2003
SMIL (Synchronised Multimedia Integration Language) is an XML language for the distribution of sy... more SMIL (Synchronised Multimedia Integration Language) is an XML language for the distribution of synchronised video, sound and other media in presentations, and is likely to be the preferred format for distribution of multimedia presentations that include synchronised and streamed media. Previous work has argued that conventional hypermedia design methods provide insufficient design rigour to allow their use with confidence for safety and mission critical applications. It was shown how formal methods, derived from the theory of computer science, could be applied to the design of hypermedia presentations to provide a rigorous design technique. Two limitations of this work are discussed. The first is its restriction to closed systems. Although it was argued that most safety critical hypermedia systems are closed, this is not the case with many 'mission critical' applications, particularly those in e-business. The second limitation is the application of the technique to a relatively small number of media. Again, safety critical applications tend to be conservative in their use of media, but it would be advantageous for many other application areas if this constraint were not there.This paper discusses how this work may be extended in two key areas to remove these limitations. The first allows the method to be used the design of SMIL presentations, providing a means of rigorous design for synchronised and streamed media, necessary in these media are to be used in safety and mission critical applications, and is achieved by a detailed extension of the underlying models on which the method is based to cover the operation of SMIL.
Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Documentation - SIGDOC '03, 2003
Artificial intelligence techniques have found a number of applications in hypermedia, mostly in t... more Artificial intelligence techniques have found a number of applications in hypermedia, mostly in two specific areas, user interface, particularly adaptive ones and information search and retrieval. There have been fewer cases of application of these techniques to aid the authoring process. This paper studies the applicability of some AI techniques to the authoring process, in particular, helping designers understand and control the structure of a presentation. Categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Constructs and Features-abstract data types, polymorphism, control structures. This is just an example, please use the correct category and subject descriptors for your submission.
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Papers by Bob Newman