Purpose Wayfinding can be challenging in complex environments such as airports and hospitals. The... more Purpose Wayfinding can be challenging in complex environments such as airports and hospitals. The elderly may experience even more difficulties due to impaired cognitive and physical abilities 1. Currently the websites of many airports have web-based wayfinding systems, such as maps, to assist travellers in planning their routes and in obtaining help to find their destinations. Some airports have added interactive features to maps, which can function as a powerful wayfinding aid. However, airport map interfaces are not supportive of elderly users, because they fail to address elderly users' needs. This study aims to evaluate airport website interfaces and airport map designs in order to understand the current status and problems with gerontechnological issues. Ultimately, the results of this study will help elderly people travel more independently. Method This study evaluated web-based wayfinding systems for 29 international airports in the USA, 12 large and 17 small to medium hub airports. The evaluation criteria are based on National Institute on Aging 2 guidelines for website design for the elderly. The evaluation criteria included two sections: website interface evaluation (10 possible points) and airport map interfaces (18 possible points). Cross tabulations and correlations were conducted to study the relationships between airport size and evaluation results. Qualitative analysis of the usability testing was conducted as well. Results & Discussion Results showed that usability of both website interfaces and airport map interfaces was not correlated with the size of the airports (Figure 1). Qualitative analysis revealed that no airport included the information that specifically addresses the needs of elderly travellers. However, every airport included information for persons with disabilities. Most airports offered airport maps. Small texts and symbols made it difficult for elderly users to read and understand the information. The interactive features of airport maps certainly made them more usable, but they were too complicated for elderly users to comfortably utilize. References 1. Carpman JR, Grant MA. Design that cares: Planning health facilities for patients and visitors. Chicago: American Hospital Publishing; 2007 2. National Institute for Aging. Making your website senior friendly; www.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/making_your_website_senior_friendly.pdf; retrieved March 25, 2009
Background The study was conducted to look at practical solutions to improve the quality of life ... more Background The study was conducted to look at practical solutions to improve the quality of life of the aging population and to support effective and practical policies for the senior-friendly industry and long-term care insurance. Thus, this study aims to develop a standardization and classification system of senior- friendly products based on actual usages and the need to support the daily lives of the elderly. Methods For the study, we reviewed the literature on policies that support the aging population and examined the results from previous studies. We also conducted interviews to investigate the need of elderly individuals in Korea for senior friendly products. First, we studied the literature on senior friendly products and we also looked at previous studies in order to guide our research direction and identify the areas for analysis. Second, we conducted interviews with elderly individuals who attend senior welfare centers to evaluate their daily living abilities, their senior-friendly product use, and their need for senior-friendly products in their residential space. Third, we conducted a comparison analysis using the classification system of senior-friendly products in living spaces based on previous studies. In addition, we analyzed the policies for the aging population and examined their daily living abilities and actual usages and need for senior friendly products among the elderly. Results We investigated the existing classification system of senior-friendly products used in daily life and analyzed the need for senior-friendly products used in different areas of the home. We found several interesting results. First, there is a need to support not only elderly individuals’ physical activities, but also their social activities. Second, elderly individuals’perceived abilities to perform daily activities varied among different gender and age groups. This finding has the implication for the development of senior-friendly products that address different groups of elderly people. Third, senior-friendly products require classification system based on living space areas, and by daily living abilities by age group and gender, and the products should be developed and supported based on the classification in order to support independent living and assisted living in care facilities. Conclusions This study established a classification system for senior friendly products to support the daily activities of the elderly in Korea. In addition, the study contributes to improving the social activities of the elderly.
CO2–based demand–controlled ventilation (DCV) is a ventilation method that resets outdoor air sup... more CO2–based demand–controlled ventilation (DCV) is a ventilation method that resets outdoor air supply rates using CO2 as an operating parameter ( ASHRAE, 2007a ). Even though CO2 itself is not harmful, high levels of CO2 concentration in indoor environments displace oxygen in the air and can cause a deficiency of oxygen for breathing. The most important aspect of CO2 in DCV is that it is a good indicator of occupancy in indoor spaces. Therefore, CO2 is an effective parameter for controlling ventilation based on occupancy level. CO2–based DCV has been increasingly used in recent years to optimize the energy consumption in ventilation systems as technological advances make its implementation more feasible and interest in environmentally responsible building design grows. This study aims to provide information about CO2–based DCV and suggest implications for interior design practitioners and educators. To achieve this purpose, this study reviewed previous studies and examined the curren...
This study examined full-time recreational vehicle dwellers in the USA and revealed that mobile a... more This study examined full-time recreational vehicle dwellers in the USA and revealed that mobile and stationary recreational vehicle dwellers were mainly the ‘young-old’ and those entering retirement ages, at an average of 60 years of age. Many recreational vehicle dwellers on limited incomes were found to occupy their recreational vehicles on a permanent basis. Because food security definitions require adequate space for food security, it was assumed that food strategies and food security in limited spaces such as the recreational vehicle might differ among mobile and stationary recreational vehicle dwellers based on their income levels and ability to comply with expected social and cultural standards for housing and recreational vehicle populations. By comparing mobile and stationary recreational vehicle dwellers and further grouping recreational vehicle dwellers as those over and under 65 years of age, this study examined how personal assessments varied in terms of kitchen space, ...
Many academic library buildings have complex layouts and low visual access. This makes wayfinding... more Many academic library buildings have complex layouts and low visual access. This makes wayfinding in libraries difficult. This study examined library wayfinding by observing and surveying with a questionnaire. There were15 observations conducted and 219 responses gathered through survey data collection. The survey data were analyzed with correlations, regressions, and Fisher’s Exact tests. The results revealed the majority of the participants visited the library twice or more a week. However, more than 25% of the participants answered that they had difficulty finding restrooms. Female participants found wayfinding more difficult compared to male participants. When the participants felt more satisfied with wayfinding, they were more satisfied with the overall library experiences. It is recommended that the libraries pay more attention to common area wayfinding by updating wayfinding aids such as signage and maps
Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the most troublesome complications after subtotal gastre... more Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the most troublesome complications after subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. We evaluated operative and perioperative variables to assess for independent risk factors of DGE caused by anastomosis edema. The study retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 382 consecutive patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 2009 and 2011 at a single institution. Delayed gastric emptying had occurred in twelve patients (3.1%). Univariate analysis revealed high body mass index (>25kg/m2), open gastrectomy, and Billroth II or Roux-en Y reconstructions to be significant factors for delayed gastric emptying. Multivariate analysis identified high body mass index and open gastrectomy as predictors of delayed gastric emptying. To avoid delayed gastric emptying, surgeons should take care in creating the gastrointestinal anastomosis, particularly in patients with high BMI or in cases of open gastrectomy.
Healthcare facilities are often complex and overwhelming for visitors, and wayfinding in healthca... more Healthcare facilities are often complex and overwhelming for visitors, and wayfinding in healthcare facilities can be challenging. As there is an increasing number of global citizens who travel to seek medical care in another country, it is critical to make wayfinding easy for visitors who are not familiar with the language in foreign country. Among many wayfinding aids, symbols are helpful for those visitors who have limited ability to understand written language. This study tested universal healthcare symbols in the United States, South Korea, and Turkey to compare the comprehension of symbols crosscountry and identify predictors of the correct comprehension. To explore statistically significant relationships between symbol comprehension and countries, Pearson's Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and ANOVA were conducted. The test results showed that ten symbols among 14 tested have significant relationship with countries. Results of this study demonstrate that symbol comprehension can be varied significantly in different countries.
The rapid industrial and economic development in the recent several decades has caused serious en... more The rapid industrial and economic development in the recent several decades has caused serious environmental problems in Korea. The country has very limited carrying capacity; the population density in Korea is 481 people per km 2 , ranking the third-highest in the world [1]. In 1995, the Korean government implemented a volume-based waste fee system (unit pricing system) that required every household to purchase certified plastic bags for waste disposal [2]. Consequently, since the introduction of this regulation, household solid waste in Korea has been substantially decreased, and household recycling has been increased. This study is to examine current Korean household recycling and waste management behavior and explore factors that affect those behaviors. Data was gathered though a survey conducted in Seoul, Korea. For the data analysis, 196 responses were used. The impacts of several factors on recycling and waste management behaviors including NEP (New Environmental Paradigm), attitudes for recycling and waste management, and the respondents' demographic variables were examined. To analyze the data, correlations and multiple regressional analyses were conducted using SPSS 16. The results showed that environmental attitudes affected recycling and waste management behaviors significantly along with several demographic variables.
Purpose Wayfinding can be challenging in complex environments such as airports and hospitals. The... more Purpose Wayfinding can be challenging in complex environments such as airports and hospitals. The elderly may experience even more difficulties due to impaired cognitive and physical abilities 1. Currently the websites of many airports have web-based wayfinding systems, such as maps, to assist travellers in planning their routes and in obtaining help to find their destinations. Some airports have added interactive features to maps, which can function as a powerful wayfinding aid. However, airport map interfaces are not supportive of elderly users, because they fail to address elderly users' needs. This study aims to evaluate airport website interfaces and airport map designs in order to understand the current status and problems with gerontechnological issues. Ultimately, the results of this study will help elderly people travel more independently. Method This study evaluated web-based wayfinding systems for 29 international airports in the USA, 12 large and 17 small to medium hub airports. The evaluation criteria are based on National Institute on Aging 2 guidelines for website design for the elderly. The evaluation criteria included two sections: website interface evaluation (10 possible points) and airport map interfaces (18 possible points). Cross tabulations and correlations were conducted to study the relationships between airport size and evaluation results. Qualitative analysis of the usability testing was conducted as well. Results & Discussion Results showed that usability of both website interfaces and airport map interfaces was not correlated with the size of the airports (Figure 1). Qualitative analysis revealed that no airport included the information that specifically addresses the needs of elderly travellers. However, every airport included information for persons with disabilities. Most airports offered airport maps. Small texts and symbols made it difficult for elderly users to read and understand the information. The interactive features of airport maps certainly made them more usable, but they were too complicated for elderly users to comfortably utilize. References 1. Carpman JR, Grant MA. Design that cares: Planning health facilities for patients and visitors. Chicago: American Hospital Publishing; 2007 2. National Institute for Aging. Making your website senior friendly; www.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/making_your_website_senior_friendly.pdf; retrieved March 25, 2009
Background The study was conducted to look at practical solutions to improve the quality of life ... more Background The study was conducted to look at practical solutions to improve the quality of life of the aging population and to support effective and practical policies for the senior-friendly industry and long-term care insurance. Thus, this study aims to develop a standardization and classification system of senior- friendly products based on actual usages and the need to support the daily lives of the elderly. Methods For the study, we reviewed the literature on policies that support the aging population and examined the results from previous studies. We also conducted interviews to investigate the need of elderly individuals in Korea for senior friendly products. First, we studied the literature on senior friendly products and we also looked at previous studies in order to guide our research direction and identify the areas for analysis. Second, we conducted interviews with elderly individuals who attend senior welfare centers to evaluate their daily living abilities, their senior-friendly product use, and their need for senior-friendly products in their residential space. Third, we conducted a comparison analysis using the classification system of senior-friendly products in living spaces based on previous studies. In addition, we analyzed the policies for the aging population and examined their daily living abilities and actual usages and need for senior friendly products among the elderly. Results We investigated the existing classification system of senior-friendly products used in daily life and analyzed the need for senior-friendly products used in different areas of the home. We found several interesting results. First, there is a need to support not only elderly individuals’ physical activities, but also their social activities. Second, elderly individuals’perceived abilities to perform daily activities varied among different gender and age groups. This finding has the implication for the development of senior-friendly products that address different groups of elderly people. Third, senior-friendly products require classification system based on living space areas, and by daily living abilities by age group and gender, and the products should be developed and supported based on the classification in order to support independent living and assisted living in care facilities. Conclusions This study established a classification system for senior friendly products to support the daily activities of the elderly in Korea. In addition, the study contributes to improving the social activities of the elderly.
CO2–based demand–controlled ventilation (DCV) is a ventilation method that resets outdoor air sup... more CO2–based demand–controlled ventilation (DCV) is a ventilation method that resets outdoor air supply rates using CO2 as an operating parameter ( ASHRAE, 2007a ). Even though CO2 itself is not harmful, high levels of CO2 concentration in indoor environments displace oxygen in the air and can cause a deficiency of oxygen for breathing. The most important aspect of CO2 in DCV is that it is a good indicator of occupancy in indoor spaces. Therefore, CO2 is an effective parameter for controlling ventilation based on occupancy level. CO2–based DCV has been increasingly used in recent years to optimize the energy consumption in ventilation systems as technological advances make its implementation more feasible and interest in environmentally responsible building design grows. This study aims to provide information about CO2–based DCV and suggest implications for interior design practitioners and educators. To achieve this purpose, this study reviewed previous studies and examined the curren...
This study examined full-time recreational vehicle dwellers in the USA and revealed that mobile a... more This study examined full-time recreational vehicle dwellers in the USA and revealed that mobile and stationary recreational vehicle dwellers were mainly the ‘young-old’ and those entering retirement ages, at an average of 60 years of age. Many recreational vehicle dwellers on limited incomes were found to occupy their recreational vehicles on a permanent basis. Because food security definitions require adequate space for food security, it was assumed that food strategies and food security in limited spaces such as the recreational vehicle might differ among mobile and stationary recreational vehicle dwellers based on their income levels and ability to comply with expected social and cultural standards for housing and recreational vehicle populations. By comparing mobile and stationary recreational vehicle dwellers and further grouping recreational vehicle dwellers as those over and under 65 years of age, this study examined how personal assessments varied in terms of kitchen space, ...
Many academic library buildings have complex layouts and low visual access. This makes wayfinding... more Many academic library buildings have complex layouts and low visual access. This makes wayfinding in libraries difficult. This study examined library wayfinding by observing and surveying with a questionnaire. There were15 observations conducted and 219 responses gathered through survey data collection. The survey data were analyzed with correlations, regressions, and Fisher’s Exact tests. The results revealed the majority of the participants visited the library twice or more a week. However, more than 25% of the participants answered that they had difficulty finding restrooms. Female participants found wayfinding more difficult compared to male participants. When the participants felt more satisfied with wayfinding, they were more satisfied with the overall library experiences. It is recommended that the libraries pay more attention to common area wayfinding by updating wayfinding aids such as signage and maps
Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the most troublesome complications after subtotal gastre... more Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the most troublesome complications after subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. We evaluated operative and perioperative variables to assess for independent risk factors of DGE caused by anastomosis edema. The study retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 382 consecutive patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 2009 and 2011 at a single institution. Delayed gastric emptying had occurred in twelve patients (3.1%). Univariate analysis revealed high body mass index (>25kg/m2), open gastrectomy, and Billroth II or Roux-en Y reconstructions to be significant factors for delayed gastric emptying. Multivariate analysis identified high body mass index and open gastrectomy as predictors of delayed gastric emptying. To avoid delayed gastric emptying, surgeons should take care in creating the gastrointestinal anastomosis, particularly in patients with high BMI or in cases of open gastrectomy.
Healthcare facilities are often complex and overwhelming for visitors, and wayfinding in healthca... more Healthcare facilities are often complex and overwhelming for visitors, and wayfinding in healthcare facilities can be challenging. As there is an increasing number of global citizens who travel to seek medical care in another country, it is critical to make wayfinding easy for visitors who are not familiar with the language in foreign country. Among many wayfinding aids, symbols are helpful for those visitors who have limited ability to understand written language. This study tested universal healthcare symbols in the United States, South Korea, and Turkey to compare the comprehension of symbols crosscountry and identify predictors of the correct comprehension. To explore statistically significant relationships between symbol comprehension and countries, Pearson's Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and ANOVA were conducted. The test results showed that ten symbols among 14 tested have significant relationship with countries. Results of this study demonstrate that symbol comprehension can be varied significantly in different countries.
The rapid industrial and economic development in the recent several decades has caused serious en... more The rapid industrial and economic development in the recent several decades has caused serious environmental problems in Korea. The country has very limited carrying capacity; the population density in Korea is 481 people per km 2 , ranking the third-highest in the world [1]. In 1995, the Korean government implemented a volume-based waste fee system (unit pricing system) that required every household to purchase certified plastic bags for waste disposal [2]. Consequently, since the introduction of this regulation, household solid waste in Korea has been substantially decreased, and household recycling has been increased. This study is to examine current Korean household recycling and waste management behavior and explore factors that affect those behaviors. Data was gathered though a survey conducted in Seoul, Korea. For the data analysis, 196 responses were used. The impacts of several factors on recycling and waste management behaviors including NEP (New Environmental Paradigm), attitudes for recycling and waste management, and the respondents' demographic variables were examined. To analyze the data, correlations and multiple regressional analyses were conducted using SPSS 16. The results showed that environmental attitudes affected recycling and waste management behaviors significantly along with several demographic variables.
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