Papers by Science and Education Development Institute
The aims of this study are to determine the level of awareness of the various Citrus varieties am... more The aims of this study are to determine the level of awareness of the various Citrus varieties among Citrus farmers; to know the level of adoption of Citrus technologies; the constraint experienced and the
possible potentials of Citrus production and to make appropriate recommendation based on the study. The socio economic factors of the respondents across the 3 agro –ecological zones (Oyo/Osun, Imo/Abia and Jigawa /Kano) indicate that the majority i.e. 30.1% of the 163 citrus farmers interviewed fall within 51 – 60 age bracket. Gender analysis indicated that majority of the Citrus farmers were male (93.9%) while 6.1% were female; about 30.1% of the Citrus farmers had primary education while 0.6% had PhD an indication of low level of educational attainment by the farmers. Tools of analysis include
descriptive statistics. More than ¾ of the farmers (76.1%) are smallholder having less than 1 hectare of land devoted to Citrus production. Spacing technology analyzed shows that only 26.0% of the farmers have adopted the 7m x 7m spacing recommended by NIHORT for Citrus production. The major reasons for embarking on production were generate source of income, profit purposes and market demand.
Generally a low level of awareness and adoption level were recorded for all the Citrus varieties under study. Inadequate input and problem of land tenure system were cited as major constraint faced by the Citrus farmers.
KEYWORDS: Adoption, Citrus varieties, Budded, Spacing
Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research
This work was carried out to investigate the effect of season, species and interaction on milk co... more This work was carried out to investigate the effect of season, species and interaction on milk composition of cattle, goat and sheep in Maiduguri. A total of 30 milk samples were collected and examined in two seasons (late rainy and dry cold). The mean values of fat, protein, total solids, solid non- fat, ash, phosphorus and calcium in cow milk were 4.049%, 3.178%, 13.221%, 9.146%, 1.026% 0.214% and 0.485%, respectively. The corresponding values for goat milk were 3.160%, 3.399%, 12.200%, 9.981%, 0.798%, 0.115% and 0.516%; while those of sheep milk were 6.180%, 5.321%, 17.160%, 10.680%, 0.860%, 0.387 and 0.590%. There was seasonal variation (p<0.01) in the percent fat; with higher percentage (4.985%) in the dry season than rainy season (4.096%). However, percent protein, total solids, solid non -fat, ash, phosphorus and calcium contents were not affected by season. Significant effect of species in favour of sheep was recorded for protein (p<0.01), fat (p<0.01), total solids (p<0.05), ash (p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.05) though, solid non- fat and phosphorus contents were not influenced by species. Furthermore, interaction effect of season and species was significant (p<0.05) on total solids, solid non -fat and ash. In conclusion, sheep milk had better milk quality than cattle and goat and fat quality of dairy products may be better during the dry cold season. However, comparison of any of the three species for total solid, solid non -fat and ash content should take cognisance of the seasonal variation between species.
KEYWORDS: phosphorus and calcium in cow milk, Dairy products
Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research
This work was carried out to investigate the effect of season, species and interaction on milk co... more This work was carried out to investigate the effect of season, species and interaction on milk composition of cattle, goat and sheep in Maiduguri. A total of 30 milk samples were collected and examined in two seasons (late rainy and dry cold). The mean values of fat, protein, total solids, solid non- fat, ash, phosphorus and calcium in cow milk were 4.049%, 3.178%, 13.221%, 9.146%, 1.026% 0.214% and 0.485%, respectively. The corresponding values for goat milk were 3.160%, 3.399%, 12.200%, 9.981%, 0.798%, 0.115% and 0.516%; while those of sheep milk were 6.180%, 5.321%, 17.160%, 10.680%, 0.860%, 0.387 and 0.590%. There was seasonal variation (p<0.01) in the percent fat; with higher percentage (4.985%) in the dry season than rainy season (4.096%). However, percent protein, total solids, solid non -fat, ash, phosphorus and calcium contents were not affected by season. Significant effect of species in favour of sheep was recorded for protein (p<0.01), fat (p<0.01), total solids (p<0.05), ash (p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.05) though, solid non- fat and phosphorus contents were not influenced by species. Furthermore, interaction effect of season and species was significant (p<0.05) on total solids, solid non -fat and ash. In conclusion, sheep milk had better milk quality than cattle and goat and fat quality of dairy products may be better during the dry cold season. However, comparison of any of the three species for total solid, solid non -fat and ash content should take cognisance of the seasonal variation between species.
KEYWORDS: phosphorus and calcium in cow milk, Dairy products
Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research
http://www.ejournal.sedinst.com ABSTRACT Three types of rice offal; regular raw and parboiled ric... more http://www.ejournal.sedinst.com ABSTRACT Three types of rice offal; regular raw and parboiled rice offal were evaluated in a feeding trial involving 273, six weeks old broiler chicks. The experimental samples were incorporated into broiler finisher diets at levels of 10% and 20% respectively. There were 7 treatments replicated into 3, with 13 birds per replicate and 39 per treatment. The diets were isonitrogenous but not isocaloric. The results obtained during the trial showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences among the treatment means for final body weight, weight gain and feed cost per kg gain, but no significant (P>0.05) differences for feed intake and feed to gain ratio in terms of rice offal types. The result also showed that diets with 10% inclusion levels for the regular and raw rice offal were significantly (P<0.05) better than the 10% parboiled rice offal based diet and also the 20% levels for the three types of rice offal. This study revealed that inclusion of rice offal types depressed growth of broiler finisher birds.
Continental J. Pharmacology and Toxicology Research 6 (1): 22 - 27, 2013 , Jun 16, 2013
Diabetes is a major degenerative disease affecting at least 15 million people and having complica... more Diabetes is a major degenerative disease affecting at least 15 million people and having complications which include hypertension, atherosclerosis and microcirculatory disorders. At least 80% of Africans rely on plant medicine for their healthcare in the management of diabetes and other diseases. The present review paper unveils the roles of Capsicum in diabetes mellitus. The review reported Capsicum to possess hypoglycemic, insulinomimetic or secretagogues properties, weight reducing effect and hypolipidemic properties in diabetes. The roles played by Capsicum in diabetes could be traced to its antioxidant properties embedded in its phytoconstituents. We recommend further research on this plant.
KEYWORDS: Capsicum, Diabetes mellitus, Hypoglycemia, Phytochemicals, Capsiacin, Capsicum annum and Blood glucose.
Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research
Most losses of the paddy occurred in drying and milling process. Therefore in this study, influe... more Most losses of the paddy occurred in drying and milling process. Therefore in this study, influence of the reduced atmospheric pressure (vacuum) on the crack formation of paddies during the tempering stage is presented. After drying, paddies have been transferred to a vacuum chamber. Based on the results obtained in this study, crack formation in rice grains increased with increasing drying time and drying temperature. In contrast, a reduced pressure during the relaxation stage significantly reduced the rice grain breakage. During the relaxation period in the vacuum chamber, heat transfer within the rice grain occurs slowly, yields minimizing the thermal and moisture stresses. The optimized combination of time, temperature and pressure for the Nemat and Pajouhesh rice variety obtained 5 hr, 60°C and 0.6 atm, respectively.
KEYWORDS: Rice, Tempering, Vacuum, Reduced Pressure, Drying.
Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research
In order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and grain position in the sunflower gra... more In order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and grain position in the sunflower grain filling a factorial experiment conducted in the randomized complete block design with three replications at the research station of the university of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran. Treatments was the concentration of SA including control, 0.1 and 0.2 glit-1 and three grain position in the inflorescence (inner, middle and outs layers. Spraying of SA applied three times during growth season on the whole plants except of control (twice before heading and once after heading). On the 15th day of flowering, samples were taken in 5 day intervals for determining the grain weight accumulation. Result showed that the effect of SA and interaction of SA and grain position were not significant on grain weight, but the main effect of grain position was significant. The highest grain weight obtained from outers grains in the fluorescence in all samples. Calculation on the effective grain filling duration and grain filling rate showed significant effect of interaction between SA and grain position. The highest rate and effective grain filling duration observed in the outers grains and 0.2 g lit-1 SA spraying about 0.038 g lit-1 and 25.8 days, respectively in conclusion, SA spraying at the concentration of 0.2 g lit-1 had more positive effect on grain filling in sunflower especially on the outer grains of heads and produced highest weight (0.993).
KEYWORDS: salicylic acid, sunflower, grain filling rate, grain position.
Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research
This paper estimates and identifies the dynamics of intersectoral growth linkages and policy bias... more This paper estimates and identifies the dynamics of intersectoral growth linkages and policy biases pursued in the past five decades and proposes relevant sectoral policy mix in the Ethiopian economy. The results suggest that sectors were influenced by a common factor and cointegrated to the longrun equilibrium with two expected longrun relationships. The shortrun parameter estimates verify that the economy was led by agricultural growth and characterized by insignificant industrial sector and negative growth effects of the service sector. To attain accelerated and sustained overall economic growth in Ethiopia, the results generally imply the need to formulate appropriate sectoral policy mix and proportionate focus to be given to each sector.
KEYWORDS: Growth linkage, cointegration, VEC model, Ethiopia.
Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research
Gas turbine efficiency is strongly related to Inlet Air temperature. A decrease in the inlet air ... more Gas turbine efficiency is strongly related to Inlet Air temperature. A decrease in the inlet air temperature will result in the increase of turbine efficiency. The objective of this paper is how decreasing ambient air temperature, will cause to increase gas turbine efficiency. To reach this we use a heat exchanger with different strip fins. The design took into account the need to employ the available chilled water system from the cogeneration district cooling plant as the cooling media.
KEYWORDS: Gas Turbine, Strip Fins, Heat Exchanger, Chilled Water System
Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research
This study investigated the experiences of Ghana Commercial Bank (GCB) and Barclays bank customer... more This study investigated the experiences of Ghana Commercial Bank (GCB) and Barclays bank customers with Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) in the Tamale Metropolis. Primary data were collected in 2011 from a randomly sampled 80 ATM users by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The study revealed that, the main reasons why customers prefer ATM to other e-banking services include convenience, speed, security, reliability and cost effectiveness of ATM services. Machine running out of cash, link failure and long time in dispensing cash were found to be the most occurring ATM challenges. The findings showed that, in all cases, these challenges were perceived to occur more often with GCB ATMs than in Barclays bank ATMs. The mean customer satisfaction level was found to be 61.8% and 69.4% respectively for GCB and Barclays bank ATM users. The study established a significant difference in the mean customer satisfaction between customers of GCB and Barclays bank. Eventually, the study found the critical ATM customer satisfaction parameters be promptness of card issue, service quality of ATM personnel, quality of notes, machine performance, safety and security, cost effectiveness, and service quality of ATM personnel. Based on the beta values, the three most important determinants of satisfaction were found to be promptness of card issue, safety and security, and cost effectiveness. Management of these banks must take into account these factors in designing and implementing ATM based policy reforms.
KEYWORDS: Automatic Teller Machine (ATM), Tamale Metropolis, Customer Satisfaction, Challenges, Ghana.
Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research
Cocos nucifera (coconut) is a well-known plant used in the Indian and African system of medicine.... more Cocos nucifera (coconut) is a well-known plant used in the Indian and African system of medicine. Folklore medicine claims its uses in diabetes, diarrhea, cancer, etc. Research carried out using different in vitro and in vivo techniques of biological evaluation supports most of the claims. This review presents the medical properties of the fruit of the plant.
KEYWORDS: Cocos nucifera, Coconut Water, Coconut Oil, Coconut Husk
Aim: To assess the effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on the activity of some selected microbes ... more Aim: To assess the effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on the activity of some selected microbes as well as investigating the plant extract for the active compounds responsible for such activity.
Method: Phytochemical screening for major constituents was undertaken using standard qualitative procedures while the sensitivity testing of the extracts on the selected bacterial were determined with slight modification using disc diffusion method.
Result: The phytochemical analysis investigated in the dry leaf aqueous and ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius revealed some bioactive compounds. Of the twelve bioactive compounds investigated, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, saponins and phlobatannins was present in both extract, although at different concentrations. The antimicrobial activity of the plants was carried out on Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts did not show any indication of antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli. The ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius showed inhibition on Streptococcus pyrogenes, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus, with Staphylococcus aureus having the largest zone of inhibition in both solvent.
Conclusion: This study showed antimicrobial activity on some test organism especially with ethanolic extract of the plant. The presence of these bioactive ingredients might be responsible for its antimicrobial properties.
KEYWORDS: Phytochemical, antimicrobial screening, and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius
This paper seeks to investigate the steady state security implications of connecting a distribute... more This paper seeks to investigate the steady state security implications of connecting a distributed generator to a typical radial distribution system. The information presented here includes an insight into the concepts of power system security and distributed generation (DG) in Nigeria. The study also highlights the challenges encountered in interconnecting DG and proposes an analytical methodology based on the traditional power flow model for the evaluation of the impact of single independent line outages on overall steady state security. An application of the methodology has been carried out on a test system which is a part of the Nigerian Power system, the Emene distribution system, Enugu state. Two cases of the test system are considered; original test system and test system with DG. Results from the study are presented and compared. The analysis reveals that though DG improves the security of supply and thus service reliability, the complicated power flows that come with its operation influence line and fault currents and thus reduce the steady state security of the lines between the bus to which it is connected and the slack bus. As a result, the overall network security is affected. Again, its voltage regulation if not controlled, can push voltage outside statutory limits. Therefore, there is need for network modification, especially a redesign of the local protection system for beneficial DG interconnection and operation at the radial distribution level.
KEYWORDS — Bus Voltages, Distributed Generation, Distribution Network, Network Security, Steady State Security.
Reliability and continuity of electricity supply generated by the use of fossil fuels cannot be g... more Reliability and continuity of electricity supply generated by the use of fossil fuels cannot be guaranteed absolutely because of the present decline in oil and gas. Because of this, it becomes necessary to consider another form of energy generation such as the solar energy. The conversion of solar energy into electricity has been proven economically and viable especially for rural communities’ applications in developing countries where solar energy is available in abundance. Solar photovoltaic appliance/equipment have the potential for better performance, lower running costs, greater reliability and longer working life than bottled gas powered appliances.
KEYWORDS: Resource potential, solar electricity, solar energy, solar insolation
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Papers by Science and Education Development Institute
possible potentials of Citrus production and to make appropriate recommendation based on the study. The socio economic factors of the respondents across the 3 agro –ecological zones (Oyo/Osun, Imo/Abia and Jigawa /Kano) indicate that the majority i.e. 30.1% of the 163 citrus farmers interviewed fall within 51 – 60 age bracket. Gender analysis indicated that majority of the Citrus farmers were male (93.9%) while 6.1% were female; about 30.1% of the Citrus farmers had primary education while 0.6% had PhD an indication of low level of educational attainment by the farmers. Tools of analysis include
descriptive statistics. More than ¾ of the farmers (76.1%) are smallholder having less than 1 hectare of land devoted to Citrus production. Spacing technology analyzed shows that only 26.0% of the farmers have adopted the 7m x 7m spacing recommended by NIHORT for Citrus production. The major reasons for embarking on production were generate source of income, profit purposes and market demand.
Generally a low level of awareness and adoption level were recorded for all the Citrus varieties under study. Inadequate input and problem of land tenure system were cited as major constraint faced by the Citrus farmers.
KEYWORDS: Adoption, Citrus varieties, Budded, Spacing
KEYWORDS: phosphorus and calcium in cow milk, Dairy products
KEYWORDS: phosphorus and calcium in cow milk, Dairy products
KEYWORDS: Capsicum, Diabetes mellitus, Hypoglycemia, Phytochemicals, Capsiacin, Capsicum annum and Blood glucose.
KEYWORDS: Rice, Tempering, Vacuum, Reduced Pressure, Drying.
KEYWORDS: salicylic acid, sunflower, grain filling rate, grain position.
KEYWORDS: Growth linkage, cointegration, VEC model, Ethiopia.
KEYWORDS: Gas Turbine, Strip Fins, Heat Exchanger, Chilled Water System
KEYWORDS: Automatic Teller Machine (ATM), Tamale Metropolis, Customer Satisfaction, Challenges, Ghana.
KEYWORDS: Cocos nucifera, Coconut Water, Coconut Oil, Coconut Husk
Method: Phytochemical screening for major constituents was undertaken using standard qualitative procedures while the sensitivity testing of the extracts on the selected bacterial were determined with slight modification using disc diffusion method.
Result: The phytochemical analysis investigated in the dry leaf aqueous and ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius revealed some bioactive compounds. Of the twelve bioactive compounds investigated, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, saponins and phlobatannins was present in both extract, although at different concentrations. The antimicrobial activity of the plants was carried out on Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts did not show any indication of antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli. The ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius showed inhibition on Streptococcus pyrogenes, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus, with Staphylococcus aureus having the largest zone of inhibition in both solvent.
Conclusion: This study showed antimicrobial activity on some test organism especially with ethanolic extract of the plant. The presence of these bioactive ingredients might be responsible for its antimicrobial properties.
KEYWORDS: Phytochemical, antimicrobial screening, and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius
KEYWORDS — Bus Voltages, Distributed Generation, Distribution Network, Network Security, Steady State Security.
KEYWORDS: Resource potential, solar electricity, solar energy, solar insolation
possible potentials of Citrus production and to make appropriate recommendation based on the study. The socio economic factors of the respondents across the 3 agro –ecological zones (Oyo/Osun, Imo/Abia and Jigawa /Kano) indicate that the majority i.e. 30.1% of the 163 citrus farmers interviewed fall within 51 – 60 age bracket. Gender analysis indicated that majority of the Citrus farmers were male (93.9%) while 6.1% were female; about 30.1% of the Citrus farmers had primary education while 0.6% had PhD an indication of low level of educational attainment by the farmers. Tools of analysis include
descriptive statistics. More than ¾ of the farmers (76.1%) are smallholder having less than 1 hectare of land devoted to Citrus production. Spacing technology analyzed shows that only 26.0% of the farmers have adopted the 7m x 7m spacing recommended by NIHORT for Citrus production. The major reasons for embarking on production were generate source of income, profit purposes and market demand.
Generally a low level of awareness and adoption level were recorded for all the Citrus varieties under study. Inadequate input and problem of land tenure system were cited as major constraint faced by the Citrus farmers.
KEYWORDS: Adoption, Citrus varieties, Budded, Spacing
KEYWORDS: phosphorus and calcium in cow milk, Dairy products
KEYWORDS: phosphorus and calcium in cow milk, Dairy products
KEYWORDS: Capsicum, Diabetes mellitus, Hypoglycemia, Phytochemicals, Capsiacin, Capsicum annum and Blood glucose.
KEYWORDS: Rice, Tempering, Vacuum, Reduced Pressure, Drying.
KEYWORDS: salicylic acid, sunflower, grain filling rate, grain position.
KEYWORDS: Growth linkage, cointegration, VEC model, Ethiopia.
KEYWORDS: Gas Turbine, Strip Fins, Heat Exchanger, Chilled Water System
KEYWORDS: Automatic Teller Machine (ATM), Tamale Metropolis, Customer Satisfaction, Challenges, Ghana.
KEYWORDS: Cocos nucifera, Coconut Water, Coconut Oil, Coconut Husk
Method: Phytochemical screening for major constituents was undertaken using standard qualitative procedures while the sensitivity testing of the extracts on the selected bacterial were determined with slight modification using disc diffusion method.
Result: The phytochemical analysis investigated in the dry leaf aqueous and ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius revealed some bioactive compounds. Of the twelve bioactive compounds investigated, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, saponins and phlobatannins was present in both extract, although at different concentrations. The antimicrobial activity of the plants was carried out on Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts did not show any indication of antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli. The ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius showed inhibition on Streptococcus pyrogenes, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus, with Staphylococcus aureus having the largest zone of inhibition in both solvent.
Conclusion: This study showed antimicrobial activity on some test organism especially with ethanolic extract of the plant. The presence of these bioactive ingredients might be responsible for its antimicrobial properties.
KEYWORDS: Phytochemical, antimicrobial screening, and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius
KEYWORDS — Bus Voltages, Distributed Generation, Distribution Network, Network Security, Steady State Security.
KEYWORDS: Resource potential, solar electricity, solar energy, solar insolation
The word “science” is derived from
the Latin word “scire” meaning “to know”.
It is the systematic study of the physical and natural world based on observations and experiments.
Science is about data
It involves a lot of perseverance and discipline.
"
One in every three (33%) is also underweight;
and one in every ten (10%) is wasted or acutely under-nourished”.
(- Voumard, UNICEF)
"
Approach” is a maiden edition of Science and Education Development Institute
(SEDInst) intended for student, neophyte and professional counsellors, care givers,
researchers and all that need help in educational, vocational and personal-social
matters. Education is an informal and formal teaching and learning process aimed at
improving knowledge and the development of skills from elementary to higher
education. Counselling is a significant means of functionalising and sustaining
education through its array of qualitative services meant to make education goals
meaningful and achievable to its recipient.
The main objective of the book which is a blend of chapters on reviewed and empirical
studies is to equip individuals with relevant data for subsequent researches, satisfy
their personal quest for knowledge and meet their needs. The book contains a total of
ten chapters that began with an introductory presentation on “Counselling for
Sustainable Education: Issues in the 21st Century” and ended with “
”. Each chapter, especially chapters eight to ten were carefully selected and written with
accurate and appropriate literature review, methodology, discussions, findings and
recommendations.
We give God all the credit for His enabling grace in making this book a reality and we
deeply appreciate the privilege given to us by Mr. F. O. Abulude, the president of
Science and Education Development Institute (SEDInst) in ensuring that a book chapter
in counselling is accorded its apt position in the scheme of things in academic
environment. The effort of meaningful scholars who contributed various chapters and
authors whose materials were used that cumulated to the success of the book is also
acknowledged. This edition will create possibility for subsequent editions in the realm
of counselling.
Dr. (Mrs) Agbajor, Helena Tsaninomi
Editor – in – Chief
Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, P.M.B. 1251, Warri, Delta
State, Nigeria.