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Marika Cifor

University of Washington, Information School, Faculty Member

Mills College at Northeastern University, History and Political, Legal and Economic Analysis, Alumna

University of California, Los Angeles, Information Studies, Alumna

Bowdoin College, Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies, Post-Doc

Simmons University, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Alumna

Simmons University, History, Alumna

Indiana University, School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Faculty Member

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I am a feminist scholar of archival studies and digital studies. In 2019, I joined the Information School at the University of Washington as Assistant Professor. I earned my PhD in Information Studies in 2017 from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where I also completed Graduate Certificates in Gender Studies and the Digital Humanities.

My research investigates how individuals and communities marginalized by gender, sexuality, race and ethnicity, and HIV-status are represented and how they document and represent themselves and their social groups and movements in archives and digital cultures. This multidisciplinary scholarship uncovers how archives and digital technologies and cultures are shaping identities, experiences, and social movements.

For additional information including a copy of my current CV please see: http://marikacifor.com/
Supervisors: Laura Prieto, Jeanette Bastian, Michelle Caswell, Anne Gilliland, Kate Eichhorn, and Jonathan Furner
Address: http://marikacifor.com/

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University of St Andrews

Griffith University

The University of Texas at Austin

Nafiz Zaman Shuva

Queens College of the City University of New York

University of Warsaw

University of Amsterdam

Jean-Christophe Plantin

London School of Economics and Political Science

Visvesvaraya Technological University

Central European University

Università degli Studi di Palermo

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Books by Marika Cifor

Viral Cultures: Activist Archiving in the Age of AIDS

Delves deep into the archives that keep the history and work of AIDS activism alive. Serving as a... more Delves deep into the archives that keep the history and work of AIDS activism alive. Serving as a vital supplement to the existing scholarship on AIDS activism of the 1980s and 1990s, Viral Cultures is the first book to critically examine the archives that have helped preserve and create the legacy of those radical activities. Positioning vital nostalgia as both a critical faculty and a generative practice, Marika Cifor explores the act of saving this activist past and reanimating it in the digital age.

Papers by Marika Cifor

“I Hope We Leave More of a Record”: Radical Queer Care within and for the AIDS INFO BBS’s Caregivers Mailing List

Feminist Media Histories , 2023

During the early years of the HIV/AIDS crisis, the provision of information was part of the neces... more During the early years of the HIV/AIDS crisis, the provision of information was part of the necessary care work for people living and dying with HIV or AIDS. AIDS INFO BBS and the associated caregivers mailing list was a much-needed digital space for sharing the struggles and opportunities of AIDS care work. By charting the creation, contents, and afterlife of the caregivers mailing list digital archive, we examine the ways in which technologies facilitate powerful queer care relations. Through iterative qualitative coding of the archived messages, we examine (1) care networks, (2) novel medical care technologies, (3) and archiving as care work. Despite popular narratives that present the HIV/AIDS epidemic as a relic of the recent past, the HIV/AIDS crisis continues. By providing narratives of continuation from the archive, we uncover a richer understanding of HIV/AIDS histories and the ways in which care was and is provided during this pandemic.

No! Re-imagining Data Practices Through the Lens of Critical Refusal

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2022

Critical refusal is an active process; an informed practice of investigating power differences in... more Critical refusal is an active process; an informed practice of investigating power differences in order to generate more just and equitable alternatives to the status quo. In this paper, we examine what it means to utilize critical refusal as a tool for investigating unequal power dynamics that are produced and reified by data practices. We illustrate the generative capacity of critical refusal by drawing on declarations from The Feminist Data Manifest-No to examine data practices across three real-world cases. By pairing a conceptual exploration of critical refusal with real-world examples, we make a theoretical contribution that is grounded in concrete approaches for generating alternative data practices in ways that account for interlocking struggles across contexts and communities.

On Digital Models Responding to Viral Metaphors in Pandemic Times

Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience, 2022

COVID-19 has been a crisis represented and interpreted through models. Models are metaphors that ... more COVID-19 has been a crisis represented and interpreted through models. Models are metaphors that illustrate one phenomenon in and through another that is better understood or seemingly more transparent. In this article, we consider digitallydriven COVID-19 models that draw on the certainty of data from smartphones and social networks to make predictions about a poorly understood virus. Network data normally used to model information spread drive models of an actually existing biological virus. A return to HIV network models of the 1980s helps map the social implications of this latest turn to modeling. These earliermodels were used to hone stigmatizing viral metaphors about behavior, risk, and exposure, in the shadow of an emerging digital culture. Thinking across COVID-19 and HIV modelingdemonstrates how models can support personal responsibilization, be used to blame “bad” actors, and justify the creep of new surveillance practices under the rubric of “Data for Good” programs. Drawing on critical HIV and queer studies, we argue that the people and behaviors that are opaque to viral models and their methods of capture present potential avenues for speaking back to digital virality’s terms. We highlight these exceptions, which show how certain lives make trouble for models and their sensibilities, telling of queer forms of life, desire, and contact that evade modeling altogether.

“To Suddenly Discover Yourself Existing”: Uncovering the Impact of Community Archives1

The American Archivist, 2016

Although there has been much work published that assumes that independent community archives have... more Although there has been much work published that assumes that independent community archives have an important impact on communities, little research has been done to empirically assess this impact. This research paper begins to fill in this gap by reporting on the results of a series of qualitative interviews with academic members of one ethnic community regarding their responses to one community archives. More specifically, this study reports on interviews conducted with South Asian American educators regarding their responses to the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA), an independent nonprofit community-based organization that operates the websites www.saadigitalarchive.org. and www.firstdaysproject.org. The study reports on several emergent themes: the absence of or difficulty in accessing historical materials related to South Asian Americans before the emergence of SAADA; the affective and ontological impact of discovering SAADA for the first time; the affective impact of SAADA on respondents' South Asian American students; and SAADA's ability to promote feelings of inclusion both within the South Asian American ethnic community and in the larger society. Together, these 1 The authors would like to thank Anne Gilliland, Ricardo Punzalan, and Gregory Leazer for their insightful comments on an earlier draft of this paper and all of the respondents for their participation. 1 responses suggest the ways in which one community archives counters the symbolic annihilation of the community it serves, and instead produces feelings of what we term "representational belonging." The paper concludes by exploring the epistemological, ontological, and social levels of representational belonging.

Evidences, Implications, and Critical Interrogations of Neoliberalism in Information Studies

Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies, 2019

Guest editors Jamie A. Lee and Marika Cifor introduce the issue on Evidences, Implications, and C... more

Towards an Archival Critique: Opening Possibilities for Addressing Neoliberalism in the Archival Field

Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies, 2017

Neoliberalism, as economic doctrine, as political practice, and even as a "governing rationa... more Neoliberalism, as economic doctrine, as political practice, and even as a "governing rationality" of contemporary life and work, has been encroaching on the library and information studies (LIS) field for decades. The shift towards a conscious grappling with social justice and human rights debates and concerns in archival studies scholarship and practice since the 1990s opens the possibility for addressing neoliberalism and its elusive presence. Despite its far-reaching influence, neoliberalism has yet to be substantively addressed in archival discourse. In this article, we propose a set of questions for archival practitioners and scholars to reflect on and consider through their own hands-on practices, research, and productions with records, records creators, and distinct archival communities in order to develop an ongoing archival critique. The goal of this critique is to move towards "an ethical practice of community, as an important mode of participation." ...

Mobilizing records: re-framing archival description to support human rights

Archival Science, 2014

This article seeks to raise consciousness within the field of archival studies in order to foster... more This article seeks to raise consciousness within the field of archival studies in order to foster a generative discussion about how descriptive practices might be expanded, approached differently, or completely rethought. It brings together crosscutting theoretical issues and provides practical examples of mediation in order to mobilize these records in support of human rights work. It first problematizes the foundational archival precept of respect des fonds and its sub-principles of original order and provenance. It then analyzes the necessary transformation of institutional policies and standards in order to foster trust and transparency and identifies structural or system wide strategies for ameliorating past abuses.

Mediating Queer and Trans Pasts: The Homosaurus as Queer Information Activism

by Marika Cifor and K.J. Rawson

INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY, 2022

Libraries and archives have long been rich sites of exploration for LGBTQ+ people in search of se... more Libraries and archives have long been rich sites of exploration for LGBTQ+ people in search of self-understanding, identification, shared experience, and community. Yet the information infrastructures that guide every quest for queer and trans information remain silently powerful mediators of our research processes. Through an extended discussion of the Homosaurus, an international LGBTQ linked data vocabulary that the authors helped to develop, this article explores how queer information activism can confront the impoverished tools available for describing queer and trans resources. By focusing on both “corrective” and “analytic” strategies, the authors argue that the Homosaurus must work to expand the queer and trans terminology available for subject description while still challenging the structure and process of classificatory systems as always in tension with our queer aspirations.

UCLA InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies Title Special Issue on Gender in Education and Information Studies: Interrogating Knowledge Production, Social Structures and Equitable Access Publication Date

Uncertain Archives

Special Issue on Gender in Education and Information Studies: Interrogating Knowledge Production, Social Structures and Equitable Access

Interactions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 2016

Acting up, Talking Back: TITA, TIARA, and the Value of Gossip

Interactions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 2016

This article examines through an archival lens Tell it to ACT UP and TIARA, the weekly internal p... more This article examines through an archival lens Tell it to ACT UP and TIARA, the weekly internal papers of the New York and Los Angeles chapters of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP). During their short lives, from 1990 to 1992, the papers published news, suggestions, commentary, complaints, and gossip. In spite it challenge to the core archival concept of reliability, this article asserts that gossip provides unique evidence of affect, sex and sexuality, and offers deeper understandings of the individual and group dynamics that made and unmade ACT UP. Gossip, affect, and bodily experience are all knowledges and ways of knowing that have been feminized are therefore frequently devalued and derided in scholarship and practice. The form, content, and tone of these papers are used to make an argument for the value of gossip as a discursive practice. This article contributes to the growing literature in archival studies on conceptualizing and contending with human experiences—e...

Throughlines: Exposing Activism and Social Justice Issues In Los Angeles Transportation History

Race Film Database

Project website: http://dhbasecamp.humanities.ucla.edu/afamfilm/about-the-project/ We are a group... more

Neither a beginning nor an end

The Routledge International Handbook of New Digital Practices in Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums and Heritage Sites, 2019

Spring 2016 Editor's Note - eScholarship

Spring 2016 Editor's Note

From Human Rights to Feminist Ethics: Radical Empathy in the Archives

Archivaria, 2016

RÉSUMÉ:Une grande partie des discussions récentes dans le domaine des études archivistiques au su... more RÉSUMÉ:Une grande partie des discussions récentes dans le domaine des études archivistiques au sujet de la justice sociale ont adopté un cadre légaliste axé sur les droits pour définir le rôle des documents, des centres d’archives et des archivistes tant dans les questions de violations des droits humains que pour tenir les individus et les gouvernements responsables quant aux questions des droits humains de base, tels le droit à la vie, à la vie privée et à la liberté d’expression. Pourtant, depuis des décennies les écrits scientifiques féministes ont mis en doute l’universalité d’un cadre axé sur les droits, affirmant plutôt que l’éthique de la sollicitude est un modèle plus inclusif et plus pertinent pour envisager et mettre en place une société plus juste. Cet article propose le changement du modèle théorique dont se servent les archivistes et les spécialistes en études archivistiques pour répondre aux questions de justice sociale – remplaçant celui basé sur les droits individue...

‘Your Nostalgia is Killing Me’: Activism, Affect and the Archives of HIV/AIDS

Author(s): Cifor, Marika Louise | Advisor(s): Caswell, Michelle | Abstract: Nostalgia has long be... more Author(s): Cifor, Marika Louise | Advisor(s): Caswell, Michelle | Abstract: Nostalgia has long been dismissed and derided by scholars and popular commentators as a pointless and self-indulgent wallowing in the past that stands in the way of social change in the present and for the future. In this archival ethnography, I examine the critical potential of nostalgia as recorded and produced by archives documenting 1980s and 1990s HIV/AIDS activism in the United States. I argue that critical nostalgia, an ethical mode of critique grounded in the bittersweet longing for a past time or space, is a productive lens at every moment of collaboration between HIV/AIDS archives and the AIDS activist communities they document and serve. I present case studies using materials culled from the New York Public Library’s Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York University’s Fales Library and Special Collections, and Visual AIDS, a community-based arts organization committed to raising AIDS awarenes...

Viral Cultures: Activist Archiving in the Age of AIDS

Delves deep into the archives that keep the history and work of AIDS activism alive. Serving as a... more Delves deep into the archives that keep the history and work of AIDS activism alive. Serving as a vital supplement to the existing scholarship on AIDS activism of the 1980s and 1990s, Viral Cultures is the first book to critically examine the archives that have helped preserve and create the legacy of those radical activities. Positioning vital nostalgia as both a critical faculty and a generative practice, Marika Cifor explores the act of saving this activist past and reanimating it in the digital age.

“I Hope We Leave More of a Record”: Radical Queer Care within and for the AIDS INFO BBS’s Caregivers Mailing List

Feminist Media Histories , 2023

During the early years of the HIV/AIDS crisis, the provision of information was part of the neces... more During the early years of the HIV/AIDS crisis, the provision of information was part of the necessary care work for people living and dying with HIV or AIDS. AIDS INFO BBS and the associated caregivers mailing list was a much-needed digital space for sharing the struggles and opportunities of AIDS care work. By charting the creation, contents, and afterlife of the caregivers mailing list digital archive, we examine the ways in which technologies facilitate powerful queer care relations. Through iterative qualitative coding of the archived messages, we examine (1) care networks, (2) novel medical care technologies, (3) and archiving as care work. Despite popular narratives that present the HIV/AIDS epidemic as a relic of the recent past, the HIV/AIDS crisis continues. By providing narratives of continuation from the archive, we uncover a richer understanding of HIV/AIDS histories and the ways in which care was and is provided during this pandemic.

No! Re-imagining Data Practices Through the Lens of Critical Refusal

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2022

Critical refusal is an active process; an informed practice of investigating power differences in... more Critical refusal is an active process; an informed practice of investigating power differences in order to generate more just and equitable alternatives to the status quo. In this paper, we examine what it means to utilize critical refusal as a tool for investigating unequal power dynamics that are produced and reified by data practices. We illustrate the generative capacity of critical refusal by drawing on declarations from The Feminist Data Manifest-No to examine data practices across three real-world cases. By pairing a conceptual exploration of critical refusal with real-world examples, we make a theoretical contribution that is grounded in concrete approaches for generating alternative data practices in ways that account for interlocking struggles across contexts and communities.

On Digital Models Responding to Viral Metaphors in Pandemic Times

Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience, 2022

COVID-19 has been a crisis represented and interpreted through models. Models are metaphors that ... more COVID-19 has been a crisis represented and interpreted through models. Models are metaphors that illustrate one phenomenon in and through another that is better understood or seemingly more transparent. In this article, we consider digitallydriven COVID-19 models that draw on the certainty of data from smartphones and social networks to make predictions about a poorly understood virus. Network data normally used to model information spread drive models of an actually existing biological virus. A return to HIV network models of the 1980s helps map the social implications of this latest turn to modeling. These earliermodels were used to hone stigmatizing viral metaphors about behavior, risk, and exposure, in the shadow of an emerging digital culture. Thinking across COVID-19 and HIV modelingdemonstrates how models can support personal responsibilization, be used to blame “bad” actors, and justify the creep of new surveillance practices under the rubric of “Data for Good” programs. Drawing on critical HIV and queer studies, we argue that the people and behaviors that are opaque to viral models and their methods of capture present potential avenues for speaking back to digital virality’s terms. We highlight these exceptions, which show how certain lives make trouble for models and their sensibilities, telling of queer forms of life, desire, and contact that evade modeling altogether.

“To Suddenly Discover Yourself Existing”: Uncovering the Impact of Community Archives1

The American Archivist, 2016

Although there has been much work published that assumes that independent community archives have... more Although there has been much work published that assumes that independent community archives have an important impact on communities, little research has been done to empirically assess this impact. This research paper begins to fill in this gap by reporting on the results of a series of qualitative interviews with academic members of one ethnic community regarding their responses to one community archives. More specifically, this study reports on interviews conducted with South Asian American educators regarding their responses to the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA), an independent nonprofit community-based organization that operates the websites www.saadigitalarchive.org. and www.firstdaysproject.org. The study reports on several emergent themes: the absence of or difficulty in accessing historical materials related to South Asian Americans before the emergence of SAADA; the affective and ontological impact of discovering SAADA for the first time; the affective impact of SAADA on respondents' South Asian American students; and SAADA's ability to promote feelings of inclusion both within the South Asian American ethnic community and in the larger society. Together, these 1 The authors would like to thank Anne Gilliland, Ricardo Punzalan, and Gregory Leazer for their insightful comments on an earlier draft of this paper and all of the respondents for their participation. 1 responses suggest the ways in which one community archives counters the symbolic annihilation of the community it serves, and instead produces feelings of what we term "representational belonging." The paper concludes by exploring the epistemological, ontological, and social levels of representational belonging.

Evidences, Implications, and Critical Interrogations of Neoliberalism in Information Studies

Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies, 2019

Guest editors Jamie A. Lee and Marika Cifor introduce the issue on Evidences, Implications, and C... more

Towards an Archival Critique: Opening Possibilities for Addressing Neoliberalism in the Archival Field

Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies, 2017

Neoliberalism, as economic doctrine, as political practice, and even as a "governing rationa... more Neoliberalism, as economic doctrine, as political practice, and even as a "governing rationality" of contemporary life and work, has been encroaching on the library and information studies (LIS) field for decades. The shift towards a conscious grappling with social justice and human rights debates and concerns in archival studies scholarship and practice since the 1990s opens the possibility for addressing neoliberalism and its elusive presence. Despite its far-reaching influence, neoliberalism has yet to be substantively addressed in archival discourse. In this article, we propose a set of questions for archival practitioners and scholars to reflect on and consider through their own hands-on practices, research, and productions with records, records creators, and distinct archival communities in order to develop an ongoing archival critique. The goal of this critique is to move towards "an ethical practice of community, as an important mode of participation." ...

Mobilizing records: re-framing archival description to support human rights

Archival Science, 2014

This article seeks to raise consciousness within the field of archival studies in order to foster... more This article seeks to raise consciousness within the field of archival studies in order to foster a generative discussion about how descriptive practices might be expanded, approached differently, or completely rethought. It brings together crosscutting theoretical issues and provides practical examples of mediation in order to mobilize these records in support of human rights work. It first problematizes the foundational archival precept of respect des fonds and its sub-principles of original order and provenance. It then analyzes the necessary transformation of institutional policies and standards in order to foster trust and transparency and identifies structural or system wide strategies for ameliorating past abuses.

Mediating Queer and Trans Pasts: The Homosaurus as Queer Information Activism

by Marika Cifor and K.J. Rawson

INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY, 2022

Libraries and archives have long been rich sites of exploration for LGBTQ+ people in search of se... more Libraries and archives have long been rich sites of exploration for LGBTQ+ people in search of self-understanding, identification, shared experience, and community. Yet the information infrastructures that guide every quest for queer and trans information remain silently powerful mediators of our research processes. Through an extended discussion of the Homosaurus, an international LGBTQ linked data vocabulary that the authors helped to develop, this article explores how queer information activism can confront the impoverished tools available for describing queer and trans resources. By focusing on both “corrective” and “analytic” strategies, the authors argue that the Homosaurus must work to expand the queer and trans terminology available for subject description while still challenging the structure and process of classificatory systems as always in tension with our queer aspirations.

UCLA InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies Title Special Issue on Gender in Education and Information Studies: Interrogating Knowledge Production, Social Structures and Equitable Access Publication Date

Uncertain Archives

Special Issue on Gender in Education and Information Studies: Interrogating Knowledge Production, Social Structures and Equitable Access

Interactions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 2016

Acting up, Talking Back: TITA, TIARA, and the Value of Gossip

Interactions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 2016

This article examines through an archival lens Tell it to ACT UP and TIARA, the weekly internal p... more This article examines through an archival lens Tell it to ACT UP and TIARA, the weekly internal papers of the New York and Los Angeles chapters of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP). During their short lives, from 1990 to 1992, the papers published news, suggestions, commentary, complaints, and gossip. In spite it challenge to the core archival concept of reliability, this article asserts that gossip provides unique evidence of affect, sex and sexuality, and offers deeper understandings of the individual and group dynamics that made and unmade ACT UP. Gossip, affect, and bodily experience are all knowledges and ways of knowing that have been feminized are therefore frequently devalued and derided in scholarship and practice. The form, content, and tone of these papers are used to make an argument for the value of gossip as a discursive practice. This article contributes to the growing literature in archival studies on conceptualizing and contending with human experiences—e...

Throughlines: Exposing Activism and Social Justice Issues In Los Angeles Transportation History

Race Film Database

Project website: http://dhbasecamp.humanities.ucla.edu/afamfilm/about-the-project/ We are a group... more

Neither a beginning nor an end

The Routledge International Handbook of New Digital Practices in Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums and Heritage Sites, 2019

Spring 2016 Editor's Note - eScholarship

Spring 2016 Editor's Note

From Human Rights to Feminist Ethics: Radical Empathy in the Archives

Archivaria, 2016

RÉSUMÉ:Une grande partie des discussions récentes dans le domaine des études archivistiques au su... more RÉSUMÉ:Une grande partie des discussions récentes dans le domaine des études archivistiques au sujet de la justice sociale ont adopté un cadre légaliste axé sur les droits pour définir le rôle des documents, des centres d’archives et des archivistes tant dans les questions de violations des droits humains que pour tenir les individus et les gouvernements responsables quant aux questions des droits humains de base, tels le droit à la vie, à la vie privée et à la liberté d’expression. Pourtant, depuis des décennies les écrits scientifiques féministes ont mis en doute l’universalité d’un cadre axé sur les droits, affirmant plutôt que l’éthique de la sollicitude est un modèle plus inclusif et plus pertinent pour envisager et mettre en place une société plus juste. Cet article propose le changement du modèle théorique dont se servent les archivistes et les spécialistes en études archivistiques pour répondre aux questions de justice sociale – remplaçant celui basé sur les droits individue...

‘Your Nostalgia is Killing Me’: Activism, Affect and the Archives of HIV/AIDS

Author(s): Cifor, Marika Louise | Advisor(s): Caswell, Michelle | Abstract: Nostalgia has long be... more Author(s): Cifor, Marika Louise | Advisor(s): Caswell, Michelle | Abstract: Nostalgia has long been dismissed and derided by scholars and popular commentators as a pointless and self-indulgent wallowing in the past that stands in the way of social change in the present and for the future. In this archival ethnography, I examine the critical potential of nostalgia as recorded and produced by archives documenting 1980s and 1990s HIV/AIDS activism in the United States. I argue that critical nostalgia, an ethical mode of critique grounded in the bittersweet longing for a past time or space, is a productive lens at every moment of collaboration between HIV/AIDS archives and the AIDS activist communities they document and serve. I present case studies using materials culled from the New York Public Library’s Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York University’s Fales Library and Special Collections, and Visual AIDS, a community-based arts organization committed to raising AIDS awarenes...

Conference Companion Publication of the 2020 on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing