Papers by Aihanuwa Eregie
Profile of patients with fibrocalculous pancreatopathy seen in Benin City, Nigeria
African Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
African Journal of Health Sciences, Jan 19, 2023
BACKGROUND The metabolic profile which includes glycated haemoglobin, insulin resistance, pancrea... more BACKGROUND The metabolic profile which includes glycated haemoglobin, insulin resistance, pancreatic beta cell function and lipid profile is frequently deranged in acute ischaemic stroke. Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and an emerging cause of long-term disability and mortality in Africa. Our study aimed to determine the correlation between the metabolic profile and acute ischaemic stroke in a rural Hospital in Southern Nigeria. METHODOLOGY This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Fifty consecutive first-ever ischaemic stroke patients presenting within 72 hours of stroke were matched for age and sex with 3 control groups (49 persons with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, 49 persons with hypertension only and 57 apparently healthy individuals). Blood samples were obtained from all participants to determine glycated haemoglobin, fasting lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin and C-peptide and random plasma glucose (in stroke cases at presentation). Insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell function were determined using the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA). Data were analysed by multivariate and univariate statistics. RESULTS One hundred and two (49.8%) males and 103 (50.2%) females participated in the study. The overall mean age of the study participants was 61.6 ± 10.1 years. Compared with the control groups, predictors of acute ischaemic stroke were Fasting insulin (hyperinsulinaemia) [OR (95%CI) = 1.108 (1.043-1.178), p= 0.001], HOMA-β% [OR (95%CI) = 0.994 (0.990-1.001) p=0.006] and total cholesterol [OR (95%CI)= 0.009 (0.001-0.012) p=0.022]. CONCLUSION In this study, hyperinsulinaemia, impaired beta-cell secretory function (HOMA-β) and elevated total cholesterol were found to be significant risk factors of ischaemic stroke. Hence, the need for regular screening to detect abnormal metabolic profiles and prompt treatment.
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2013
The objective of this study is to assess the treatment outcomes in patients with hyperglycemic em... more The objective of this study is to assess the treatment outcomes in patients with hyperglycemic emergencies and to ascertain the factors associated with outcome, with emphasis on the determinants of outcome. Method: A total of 105 patients admitted to the Accident and Emergency unit, who fulfilled the criteria for hyperglycemic emergencies, were selected. The information extracted included sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data, as well as hospitalization outcome. Results: Of the 105 subjects that participated in the study, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic state (HHNK) was seen in 50% (53) of the subjects, while diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was seen in 31% (29), normo-osmolar nonketotic hyperglycemic state (NNHS) in 12% (13), and mixed hyperglycemic emergency in 7% (10) of the subjects. The overall mortality rate in this study was 4.8%. Three deaths were recorded in patients with HHNK, while DKA and NNHS each had one death. Three of the deaths occurred within the first 24 hours of admission while the other two were more than 24 hours after admission. The mean (standard deviation) total duration of hospital stay was 24.2 days (SD), and the range of stay was 0.5-88 days. Conclusion: The most common type of hyperglycemic emergency seen in this study was HHNK. Also, the presence of infection, and sex of the study subject, were significant determinants of outcome in this study.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Their First Degree Relatives: A Cross Sectional Study: Original Article
Weight Bearing Index and Gait Speed as Valid Predictors of Functional Performance Capacity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus
Reduction in physical functional performance status is a well established complication in patient... more Reduction in physical functional performance status is a well established complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the impact of this compromise on the total quality of life of the affected persons is considered a most potent impediment among the sufferers. Different tools have been used to measure physical functional performance status in this group of patients and other patients with chronic diseases but the draw back in most of the tools is that they are most of the time comprehensive, cumbersome, expensive and difficult to administer. The purpose of this study was therefore to establish the correlation between simple tools like the weight bearing index (WBI) and gait speed (GS), which are simple to administer and cheap in terms of cost, as possible predictors of functional performance capacity and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Following a six-week structured exercise therapy, a correlation in the pattern of changes in the assessed parameters as expressed in the significant positive relationship in the difference between the pre and post exercise training values after being subjected to SPSS statistics was observed. Pearson's correlation coefficient suggested that the two parameters, WBI and GS can be used as prognostic tools in assessing progress or deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was therefore concluded that weight bearing index (WBI) and gait speed (GS) (fast) can serve as prognostic parameters in assessing physical functional performance status and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Annals of Health Research
Recent reports from Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOTs) revealed that some newer anti-diabetic ... more Recent reports from Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOTs) revealed that some newer anti-diabetic drugs impact Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE). These medications include the Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter (SGLT2) inhibitors and the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. There is a need for a review of the mechanisms of action of these drugs, in addition to their glucose-lowering effects and CV benefits. This review paper aims to explore the cardio-protective effects and CV risks of anti-diabetic medications, their mechanisms of action and the CV benefits evidenced by CVOTs. Using internet search, with search items such as Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular outcome trials, major adverse cardiovascular events, sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, the Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, Web MD, and Scopus were checked for various relevant published articles. Analyses of the result...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects a six-week structured exercise therapy had... more The purpose of this study was to determine the effects a six-week structured exercise therapy had on the physical functional indices of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They were patients attending the endocrinology clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. A total of 60 patients (40 males and 20 females) whose ages ranged between 50- 75 years were purposively recruited into this study. Participation was voluntary and the patients signed informed consent forms and were treated in accordance with experimental ethics specified in the policies of the hospital. They were certified safe for exercise participation by their attending physicians/ endocrinologists. The patients' pre-test physical performance capacities were compared to those of their post-test using the modified-Physical Performance Test battery by Brown and Sinacore (2005) which is a standardized and consistently measured test that focused on patients' impairments and frailty to perform funct...
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Nov 7, 2011
Purpose: To assess the knowledge of diabetes mellitus among diabetes patients and to identify kno... more Purpose: To assess the knowledge of diabetes mellitus among diabetes patients and to identify knowledge deficits and patient specific characteristics that are associated with this knowledge. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional observational clinic study conducted among previously diagnosed patients with diabetes attending the Consultant Outpatient Departments (COPD) of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH). The study employed the use of a 14-item Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT), developed by the University of Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Centre (MDRTC) and a demographic questionnaire to assess patient's knowledge and its association with some patient specific variables. Results: The overall mean knowledge score of the subjects was 5.54 ± 2.3 (39.5 % ± 16.7 %) range 7-79 %. There was no statistically significant difference in knowledge scores with respect to family history of the disease, recent training in DM, age and sex p > 0.05. Respondents without any formal education scored significantly higher in the DKT (7.0 ± 2.27) followed by those with post graduate and University education 6.67 ± 2.41 and 6.65 ± 2.41 respectively. Higher score on the DKT was significantly correlated with duration of disease awareness (r = 0.217; 95 %CI = 0.02-0.39, p < 0.05) but not associated with improved glucose control as measured by FBG levels. (r =-0.073; 95 %CI =-0.277-0.137, p > 0.05). Only 12 (13.5 %) of the respondents had FBG levels with the normal range of 5.6-6.9 mmole/L. Conclusion: Respondents' knowledge of diabetes mellitus based on the DKT was very poor. There were knowledge deficits which relate to misconceptions in the diabetics diet and knowledge of blood glucose monitoring with glycosylated haemoglobin test. Longer duration of diabetes, irrespective of educational status, was associated with higher knowledge score.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and types of sexual dysfunction (SD) amongst female with D... more Objective: To determine the prevalence and types of sexual dysfunction (SD) amongst female with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Benin City, Nigeria. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study. A total of 225 female with DM and 225 female without DM who served as controls were studied. Data obtained included age, anthropometric indexes, presence and type of sexual dysfunction. Results: Fifteen
Weight Bearing Index and Gait Speed as Valid Predictors of Functional Performance Capacity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects a six-week structured exercise therapy had... more The purpose of this study was to determine the effects a six-week structured exercise therapy had on the physical functional indices of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They were patients attending the endocrinology clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. A total of 60 patients (40 males and 20 females) whose ages ranged between 50-75 years were purposively recruited into this study. Participation was voluntary and the patients signed informed consent forms and were treated in accordance with experimental ethics specified in the policies of the hospital. They were certified safe for exercise participation by their attending physicians/ endocrinologists. The patients' pre-test physical performance capacities were compared to those of their post-test using the modified-Physical Performance Test battery by Brown and Sinacore (2005) which is a standardized and consistently measured test that focused on patients' impairments and frailty to perform functional activities. Data collected were analyzed using the parametric statistics of t-test at alpha level of 0.05. The results showed significant improvements in the patients' ability to perform standing static balance, book lift, putting on and removal of jacket, turning 360 0 and 50-foot walk tests. However, climbing stairs, picking up a coin from the floor and chair rise did not significantly improve. It was therefore concluded that since structured exercise therapy significantly improves physical functional performance capacity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, inclusion of such exercise therapy in their management milieu should be institutionalized.
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2015
The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of coexistence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and typ... more The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of coexistence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the estimated cardiovascular risk as calculated using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetic Study risk engine (UKPDS-RE) and also to determine the impact of the coexistence of MS and T2DM on the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease and stroke. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study in which convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 124 consecutive persons with T2DM and 96 controls using a questionnaire administered technique. The World Health Organization (WHO) criterion was used to define MS and the UKPDS-RE was used to identify persons with increased risk for stroke and those with increased risk for coronary heart disease. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Statistical comparisons were made with chi-square for comparison of proportions. A P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Fifteen subjects were identified as having an increased 10-year risk for stroke and ten as having an increased risk for a coronary event. The odds of a T2DM subject with MS having an increased risk for stroke compared with a T2DM subject without MS was 0.9579≈1 while the odds of a T2DM subject with MS developing an increased risk for a coronary event compared with a T2DM subject without MS was =3.451≈3. Conclusion: MS was more common in subjects with T2DM compared with controls (irrespective of the diagnostic criteria used) and MS appears to increase the risk of a coronary event in subjects with T2DM by threefold. Also from this study, MS did not appear to cause an additional increase in the risk of stroke in subjects with T2DM.
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2011
Purpose: To assess the knowledge of diabetes mellitus among diabetes patients and to identify kno... more Purpose: To assess the knowledge of diabetes mellitus among diabetes patients and to identify knowledge deficits and patient specific characteristics that are associated with this knowledge. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional observational clinic study conducted among previously diagnosed patients with diabetes attending the Consultant Outpatient Departments (COPD) of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH). The study employed the use of a 14-item Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT), developed by the University of Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Centre (MDRTC) and a demographic questionnaire to assess patient's knowledge and its association with some patient specific variables. Results: The overall mean knowledge score of the subjects was 5.54 ± 2.3 (39.5 % ± 16.7 %) range 7-79 %. There was no statistically significant difference in knowledge scores with respect to family history of the disease, recent training in DM, age and sex p > 0.05. Respondents without any formal education scored significantly higher in the DKT (7.0 ± 2.27) followed by those with post graduate and University education 6.67 ± 2.41 and 6.65 ± 2.41 respectively. Higher score on the DKT was significantly correlated with duration of disease awareness (r = 0.217; 95 %CI = 0.02-0.39, p < 0.05) but not associated with improved glucose control as measured by FBG levels. (r =-0.073; 95 %CI =-0.277-0.137, p > 0.05). Only 12 (13.5 %) of the respondents had FBG levels with the normal range of 5.6-6.9 mmole/L. Conclusion: Respondents' knowledge of diabetes mellitus based on the DKT was very poor. There were knowledge deficits which relate to misconceptions in the diabetics diet and knowledge of blood glucose monitoring with glycosylated haemoglobin test. Longer duration of diabetes, irrespective of educational status, was associated with higher knowledge score.
Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2009
Introduction. Sexual dysfunction (SD) in women with diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important but un... more Introduction. Sexual dysfunction (SD) in women with diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important but understudied aspect of DM complications in women with DM. Aim. This report is an attempt to document the prevalence, clinical correlates, and determinants of SD in a cross sectional study of women with diabetes mellitus (DM). Main Outcome Measures. The main outcome measures were demographic, clinical parameters, psychological morbidity, and frequency of SD. Methods. A total of 58 married women with type 2 DM and 30 age-matched women who did not have DM had their sexual function and psychological status assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and General Health questionnaires (GHQ 12) respectively. Glycemic control was assessed using glycosylated hemoglobin. Results. The prevalence of SD in women with DM and in the control population was 88% and 80%, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) FSFI score in the women with DM was significantly lower than that of the control group (16.2 [9.5] vs. 21 [8.5], P = 0.02). Women with DM attempted sex less frequently than those in the control group. Poor mental health status which was found to be associated with SD was noted more in women with DM than those in the control group. Conclusions. SD is high in women with and without DM. A possible determinant of SD in women with DM is psychological morbidity.
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical …, 2011
Purpose: To assess the knowledge of diabetes mellitus among diabetes patients and to identify kno... more Purpose: To assess the knowledge of diabetes mellitus among diabetes patients and to identify knowledge deficits and patient specific characteristics that are associated with this knowledge. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional observational clinic study conducted among previously diagnosed patients with diabetes attending the Consultant Outpatient Departments (COPD) of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH). The study employed the use of a 14-item Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT), developed by the University of Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Centre (MDRTC) and a demographic questionnaire to assess patient's knowledge and its association with some patient specific variables. Results: The overall mean knowledge score of the subjects was 5.54 ± 2.3 (39.5 % ± 16.7 %) range 7-79 %. There was no statistically significant difference in knowledge scores with respect to family history of the disease, recent training in DM, age and sex p > 0.05. Respondents without any formal education scored significantly higher in the DKT (7.0 ± 2.27) followed by those with post graduate and University education 6.67 ± 2.41 and 6.65 ± 2.41 respectively. Higher score on the DKT was significantly correlated with duration of disease awareness (r = 0.217; 95 %CI = 0.02-0.39, p < 0.05) but not associated with improved glucose control as measured by FBG levels. (r =-0.073; 95 %CI =-0.277-0.137, p > 0.05). Only 12 (13.5 %) of the respondents had FBG levels with the normal range of 5.6-6.9 mmole/L. Conclusion: Respondents' knowledge of diabetes mellitus based on the DKT was very poor. There were knowledge deficits which relate to misconceptions in the diabetics diet and knowledge of blood glucose monitoring with glycosylated haemoglobin test. Longer duration of diabetes, irrespective of educational status, was associated with higher knowledge score.
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Papers by Aihanuwa Eregie