A novel concept/apparatus, the Plasma Shield, is introduced in this paper. The purpose of the Pla... more A novel concept/apparatus, the Plasma Shield, is introduced in this paper. The purpose of the Plasma Shield is designed to shield a target object chemically and thermally by engulfing an area subjected to beam treatment with inert plasma. The shield consists of a vortex-stabilized arc that is employed to shield beams and workpiece area of interaction from an atmospheric or
We consider the problem faced by a mobile robot that has to reach a given target by traveling thr... more We consider the problem faced by a mobile robot that has to reach a given target by traveling through an unmapped region in the plane containing oriented rectangular obstacles. We assume the robot has no prior knowledge about the positions or sizes of the obstacles, and acquires such knowledge only when obstacles are encountered. Our goal is to minimize the distance the robot must travel, using the competitive ratio as our measure.
In this paper, a high-order compact (HOC) alternating direction implicit (ADI) method is proposed... more In this paper, a high-order compact (HOC) alternating direction implicit (ADI) method is proposed for the solution of the unsteady two-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The present method uses the fourth-order Padé compact difference approximation for the spatial discretization and the Crank-Nicolson scheme for the temporal discretization. The proposed HOC-ADI method has fourth-order accuracy in space and second-order accuracy in time. The resulting scheme in each ADI computation step corresponds to a tridiagonal system which can be solved by using the one-dimensional tridiagonal algorithm with a considerable saving in computing time. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate its efficiency and accuracy and to compare it with analytic solutions and numerical results established by some other methods in the literature. The results show that the present HOC-ADI scheme gives highly accurate results with much better computational efficiency.
A novel approach of measuring the surface roughness of spherical and flat micron-sized drug parti... more A novel approach of measuring the surface roughness of spherical and flat micron-sized drug particles using scanning white-light interferometry was applied to investigate the surface morphology of micron-sized active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipient particles used for inhalation aerosols. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and R-lactose monohydrate particles were chosen as model API and excipient particles, respectively. Both BSA and lactose particles were prepared with different degrees of surface corrugation using either controlled spray drying (four samples of BSA) or decantation (two samples of lactose). Particle size distributions were characterized by laser diffraction, and particles were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface roughness of the BSA and lactose particles was quantified by white-light optical profilometry using vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) at full resolution using a 50× objective lens with 2.0× and 0.5× fields of view for BSA and lactose, respectively. Data were analyzed using Vision software (version 32, WYKO), and surface roughness values are expressed as root-mean-square roughness (R rms ). Furthermore, data were compared to topographical measurements made using conventional atomic force microscopy. Analysis of the optical profilometry data showed significant variation in BSA roughness ranging from 18.58 ( 3.80 nm to 110.90 ( 13.16 nm for the smoothest and roughest BSA particles, respectively, and from 81.20 ( 15.90 nm to 229.20 ( 68.20 nm for decanted and normal lactose, respectively. The R rms values were in good agreement with the AFM-derived values. The particle morphology was similar to SEM and AFM images. In conclusion, scanning white-light interferometry provides a useful complementary tool for rapid evaluation of surface morphology and roughness in particles used for dry powder inhalation formulation.
Background: Diet and exercise promote cardiovascular health but their relative contributions to a... more Background: Diet and exercise promote cardiovascular health but their relative contributions to atherosclerosis are not fully known. The transition from a sedentary to active lifestyle requires increased caloric intake to achieve energy balance. Using atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-null mice we sought to determine whether the benefits of exercise for arterial disease are dependent on the food source of the additional calories.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 1984
The present paper provides an improved alternating direction implicit (ADI) technique as well as ... more The present paper provides an improved alternating direction implicit (ADI) technique as well as high-order-accurate spline ADI method for the numerical solution of steady two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow problems. The vorticity-stream function Navier-Stokes equations are considered in a general curvilinear coordinate system, which maps an arbitrary two-dimensional flow domain in the physical plane into a rectangle in the computational plane. The stream function equation is parabolized in time by means of a relaxation-like time derivative and the steady state solution is obtained by a time-marching ADI method requiring to solve only 2 × 2 block-tridiagonal linear systems. The difference equations are written in incremental form; upwind differences are used for the incremental variables, for stability, whereas central differences approximate the non-incremental terms, for accuracy, so that, at convergence, the solution is free of numerical viscosity and second-order accurate. The high-order-accurate spline ADI technique proceeds in the same manner; in addition, at the end of each two-sweep ADI cycle, the solution is corrected by means of a fifth-order spline interpolating polynomial along each row and column of the computational grid, explicitly. The validity and the efficiency of the present methods are demonstrated by means of three test problems.
Biologically significant sites in a protein may be identified by contrasting the rates of synonym... more Biologically significant sites in a protein may be identified by contrasting the rates of synonymous (K s ) and non-synonymous (K a ) substitutions. This enables the inference of site-specific positive Darwinian selection and purifying selection. We present here Selecton version 2.2 (http://selecton. bioinfo.tau.ac.il), a web server which automatically calculates the ratio between K a and K s (u) at each site of the protein. This ratio is graphically displayed on each site using a color-coding scheme, indicating either positive selection, purifying selection or lack of selection. Selecton implements an assembly of different evolutionary models, which allow for statistical testing of the hypothesis that a protein has undergone positive selection. Specifically, the recently developed mechanisticempirical model is introduced, which takes into account the physicochemical properties of amino acids. Advanced options were introduced to allow maximal fine tuning of the server to the user's specific needs, including calculation of statistical support of the u values, an advanced graphic display of the protein's 3-dimensional structure, use of different genetic codes and inputting of a pre-built phylogenetic tree. Selecton version 2.2 is an effective, user-friendly and freely available web server which implements up-to-date methods for computing site-specific selection forces, and the visualization of these forces on the protein's sequence and structure.
This study aims to investigate quantitatively the direct correlation between the mechanical stren... more This study aims to investigate quantitatively the direct correlation between the mechanical strength of powder agglomerates and their dispersion into aerosols by a dry powder inhaler. Agglomerates of mannitol as a model drug-only formulation were prepared by a rolling method followed by exposure to various relative humidity (RH: 55%, 82%, 86% and 90%). The agglomerate strength was obtained from the compression of single agglomerates at a selected speed rate using an Instron testing machine. The dispersion performance (FPF Loaded ) was determined at flow rates of 60 and 100 l min À 1 using an Aeroliser s coupled to a multistage liquid impinger. Results showed an inverse linear relationship between the agglomerate strength and the dispersion performance. An increase in strength from 3 to 183 kPa resulted in a significant drop (P o 0.05) of 18% in the FPF Loaded . Agglomerates containing 'solid bridges' exhibited higher strength (three to eight times) and lower FPF (5-15%, corresponding to 86% and 90% RH) compared to those containing 'liquid bridges'. These results have provided direct information on the agglomerate strength and its quantitative relationship with powder aerosol performance.
Particle corrugation DPI AFM Particle adhesion a b s t r a c t Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was ... more Particle corrugation DPI AFM Particle adhesion a b s t r a c t Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate the particle adhesion and surface morphology of engineered particles for dry powder inhaler (DPI) respiratory therapy to gain a greater understanding of interparticle forces and the aerosolisation process. A series of spherical model drug particles of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was prepared with different degrees of surface corrugation. The particles were evaluated in terms of particle size (laser diffraction) and microscopic morphology (scanning electron microscopy). Conventional tapping mode AFM was used to evaluate the nanoscopic morphology and derive specific roughness parameters, while AFM colloid probe microscopy was used to directly measure the interaction of functionalised probes. The physical characterisation and AFM measurements were evaluated in terms of in vitro aerosolisation performance, using a conventional Rotahaler ® DPI and multistage liquid impinger. A direct relationship between the root mean square roughness, particle adhesion and in vitro aerosol performance (measured as fine particle fraction, FPF) was observed suggesting that as the degree of corrugation increased, particle adhesion was reduced which, resulted in a concomitant increase in FPF.
This paper presents a simple and e cient building block, called slide, for constructing communica... more This paper presents a simple and e cient building block, called slide, for constructing communication protocols in dynamic networks whose topology frequently changes. We employ slide to derive (1) an end-to-end communication protocol with optimal amortized message complexity, and (2) a general method to e ciently and systematically combine dynamic and static algorithms. (Dynamic algorithms are designed for dynamic networks, and static algorithms work in networks with stable topology.)
The dichotomy between fermions and bosons is at the root of many physical phenomena, from metalli... more The dichotomy between fermions and bosons is at the root of many physical phenomena, from metallic conduction of electricity to super-fluidity, and from the periodic table to coherent propagation of light. The dichotomy originates from the symmetry of the quantum mechanical wave function to the interchange of two identical particles. In systems that are confined to two spatial dimensions particles that are neither fermions nor bosons, coined ''anyons'', may exist. The fractional quantum Hall effect offers an experimental system where this possibility is realized. In this paper we present the concept of anyons, we explain why the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect almost forces the notion of anyons upon us, and we review several possible ways for a direct observation of the physics of anyons. Furthermore, we devote a large part of the paper to non-abelian anyons, motivating their existence from the point of view of trial wave functions, giving a simple exposition of their relation to conformal field theories, and reviewing several proposals for their direct observation.
Objective: A diet low in sodium, high in potassium, and high in calcium is recommended to lower b... more Objective: A diet low in sodium, high in potassium, and high in calcium is recommended to lower blood pressure. However, compliance with this diet is poor, probably because of dietary intake underestimation. Therefore, we compared electrolyte intake as estimated from dietary recall with a 24-h urinary excretion. Methods: Thirty-six patients (26 men and 10 women) with a mean age of 46 Ϯ 8 y participated in the study. All participants had essential hypertension and were on no drug therapy (n ϭ 20) or non-diuretic monotherapy (n ϭ 16). Patients were instructed to consume a low-sodium (50 mmol/d), high-potassium (supplementation with 30 to 60 mmol/d), and high-calcium (1000 mg/d) diet. Compliance with the diet was assessed at baseline and then 1, 2, and 3 mo after starting the diet. Sodium, potassium, and calcium intakes were carefully estimated from patients' dietary recall and 24-h urinary collection. Results: Estimated sodium intake significantly correlated with 24-h urinary excretion (R ϭ 0.43 P Ͻ 0.001). However, estimated sodium intake was lower than urinary sodium excretion by 34% at baseline and by 47% after 3 mo of dieting (P Ͻ 0.05). Estimated potassium intake correlated with 24-h urinary excretion. Estimated calcium intake significantly increased from 933 Ϯ 83 mg/d to 1029 Ϯ 171 mg/d (P Ͻ 0.05). Calcium intake derived from patients' recall far exceeded and only slightly correlated with 24-h urinary excretion (R ϭ 0.23, P Ͻ 0.01). Conclusions: Patients tend to underestimate their sodium intake by 30% to 50%; therefore, urinary sodium excretion is more accurate to assess sodium intake. Thus, 24-h urinary sodium excretion should be used in clinical practice and in clinical trials, especially when dietary non-compliance is suspected. (E. Grossman).
We investigated whether patients undergoing vaginal delivery who developed peripartum fever (PPF)... more We investigated whether patients undergoing vaginal delivery who developed peripartum fever (PPF) had increased rates of other gestational complications. A retrospective study was undertaken comparing pregnancy complications of patients who developed PPF with those who did not. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to control for confounders. To avoid ascertainment bias, the year of birth was included in the model. Women who underwent cesarean delivery and those with multiple pregnancies were excluded from the study. During the study period, there were 169,738 singleton vaginal deliveries, and 0.4% of the women suffered from PPF. Hypertensive disorders, induction of labor, dystocia of labor in the second stage, suspected fetal distress, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, postpartum hemorrhage, manual lysis of a retained placenta, and revision of the uterine cavity and cervix were found to be independently associated with PPF by multivariable analysis. Year of birth was found to be a risk factor for fever. Apgar scores lower than 7 at 1 but not 5 minutes were significantly higher in the PPF group. Perinatal mortality rates were significantly higher among women with PPF (6.7% versus 1.3%, odds ratio [OR] = 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.9 to 7.3; P < 0.001). Using another multivariable analysis, with perinatal mortality as the outcome variable, PPF was found as an independent risk factor for perinatal mortality (OR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.9 to 4.6; P < 0.001). PPF in women undergoing vaginal deliveries is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and specifically is an independent risk factor for perinatal mortality.
In the present work we study the on-line call admission problem in optical networks. We present a... more In the present work we study the on-line call admission problem in optical networks. We present a general technique to deal with the problem of call admission and wavelength selection by reducing this problem to the problem of only call admission. We then give randomized algorithms with logarithmic competitive ratios for specific topologies in two models of optical networks, and consider the case of full-duplex communication as well.
In this paper, we analyze how sharing advance demand information (ADI) can improve supply-chain p... more In this paper, we analyze how sharing advance demand information (ADI) can improve supply-chain performance. We consider two types of ADI, aggregated ADI (A-ADI) and detailed ADI (D-ADI). With A-ADI, customers share with manufacturers information about ...
A novel concept/apparatus, the Plasma Shield, is introduced in this paper. The purpose of the Pla... more A novel concept/apparatus, the Plasma Shield, is introduced in this paper. The purpose of the Plasma Shield is designed to shield a target object chemically and thermally by engulfing an area subjected to beam treatment with inert plasma. The shield consists of a vortex-stabilized arc that is employed to shield beams and workpiece area of interaction from an atmospheric or
We consider the problem faced by a mobile robot that has to reach a given target by traveling thr... more We consider the problem faced by a mobile robot that has to reach a given target by traveling through an unmapped region in the plane containing oriented rectangular obstacles. We assume the robot has no prior knowledge about the positions or sizes of the obstacles, and acquires such knowledge only when obstacles are encountered. Our goal is to minimize the distance the robot must travel, using the competitive ratio as our measure.
In this paper, a high-order compact (HOC) alternating direction implicit (ADI) method is proposed... more In this paper, a high-order compact (HOC) alternating direction implicit (ADI) method is proposed for the solution of the unsteady two-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The present method uses the fourth-order Padé compact difference approximation for the spatial discretization and the Crank-Nicolson scheme for the temporal discretization. The proposed HOC-ADI method has fourth-order accuracy in space and second-order accuracy in time. The resulting scheme in each ADI computation step corresponds to a tridiagonal system which can be solved by using the one-dimensional tridiagonal algorithm with a considerable saving in computing time. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate its efficiency and accuracy and to compare it with analytic solutions and numerical results established by some other methods in the literature. The results show that the present HOC-ADI scheme gives highly accurate results with much better computational efficiency.
A novel approach of measuring the surface roughness of spherical and flat micron-sized drug parti... more A novel approach of measuring the surface roughness of spherical and flat micron-sized drug particles using scanning white-light interferometry was applied to investigate the surface morphology of micron-sized active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipient particles used for inhalation aerosols. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and R-lactose monohydrate particles were chosen as model API and excipient particles, respectively. Both BSA and lactose particles were prepared with different degrees of surface corrugation using either controlled spray drying (four samples of BSA) or decantation (two samples of lactose). Particle size distributions were characterized by laser diffraction, and particles were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface roughness of the BSA and lactose particles was quantified by white-light optical profilometry using vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) at full resolution using a 50× objective lens with 2.0× and 0.5× fields of view for BSA and lactose, respectively. Data were analyzed using Vision software (version 32, WYKO), and surface roughness values are expressed as root-mean-square roughness (R rms ). Furthermore, data were compared to topographical measurements made using conventional atomic force microscopy. Analysis of the optical profilometry data showed significant variation in BSA roughness ranging from 18.58 ( 3.80 nm to 110.90 ( 13.16 nm for the smoothest and roughest BSA particles, respectively, and from 81.20 ( 15.90 nm to 229.20 ( 68.20 nm for decanted and normal lactose, respectively. The R rms values were in good agreement with the AFM-derived values. The particle morphology was similar to SEM and AFM images. In conclusion, scanning white-light interferometry provides a useful complementary tool for rapid evaluation of surface morphology and roughness in particles used for dry powder inhalation formulation.
Background: Diet and exercise promote cardiovascular health but their relative contributions to a... more Background: Diet and exercise promote cardiovascular health but their relative contributions to atherosclerosis are not fully known. The transition from a sedentary to active lifestyle requires increased caloric intake to achieve energy balance. Using atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-null mice we sought to determine whether the benefits of exercise for arterial disease are dependent on the food source of the additional calories.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 1984
The present paper provides an improved alternating direction implicit (ADI) technique as well as ... more The present paper provides an improved alternating direction implicit (ADI) technique as well as high-order-accurate spline ADI method for the numerical solution of steady two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow problems. The vorticity-stream function Navier-Stokes equations are considered in a general curvilinear coordinate system, which maps an arbitrary two-dimensional flow domain in the physical plane into a rectangle in the computational plane. The stream function equation is parabolized in time by means of a relaxation-like time derivative and the steady state solution is obtained by a time-marching ADI method requiring to solve only 2 × 2 block-tridiagonal linear systems. The difference equations are written in incremental form; upwind differences are used for the incremental variables, for stability, whereas central differences approximate the non-incremental terms, for accuracy, so that, at convergence, the solution is free of numerical viscosity and second-order accurate. The high-order-accurate spline ADI technique proceeds in the same manner; in addition, at the end of each two-sweep ADI cycle, the solution is corrected by means of a fifth-order spline interpolating polynomial along each row and column of the computational grid, explicitly. The validity and the efficiency of the present methods are demonstrated by means of three test problems.
Biologically significant sites in a protein may be identified by contrasting the rates of synonym... more Biologically significant sites in a protein may be identified by contrasting the rates of synonymous (K s ) and non-synonymous (K a ) substitutions. This enables the inference of site-specific positive Darwinian selection and purifying selection. We present here Selecton version 2.2 (http://selecton. bioinfo.tau.ac.il), a web server which automatically calculates the ratio between K a and K s (u) at each site of the protein. This ratio is graphically displayed on each site using a color-coding scheme, indicating either positive selection, purifying selection or lack of selection. Selecton implements an assembly of different evolutionary models, which allow for statistical testing of the hypothesis that a protein has undergone positive selection. Specifically, the recently developed mechanisticempirical model is introduced, which takes into account the physicochemical properties of amino acids. Advanced options were introduced to allow maximal fine tuning of the server to the user's specific needs, including calculation of statistical support of the u values, an advanced graphic display of the protein's 3-dimensional structure, use of different genetic codes and inputting of a pre-built phylogenetic tree. Selecton version 2.2 is an effective, user-friendly and freely available web server which implements up-to-date methods for computing site-specific selection forces, and the visualization of these forces on the protein's sequence and structure.
This study aims to investigate quantitatively the direct correlation between the mechanical stren... more This study aims to investigate quantitatively the direct correlation between the mechanical strength of powder agglomerates and their dispersion into aerosols by a dry powder inhaler. Agglomerates of mannitol as a model drug-only formulation were prepared by a rolling method followed by exposure to various relative humidity (RH: 55%, 82%, 86% and 90%). The agglomerate strength was obtained from the compression of single agglomerates at a selected speed rate using an Instron testing machine. The dispersion performance (FPF Loaded ) was determined at flow rates of 60 and 100 l min À 1 using an Aeroliser s coupled to a multistage liquid impinger. Results showed an inverse linear relationship between the agglomerate strength and the dispersion performance. An increase in strength from 3 to 183 kPa resulted in a significant drop (P o 0.05) of 18% in the FPF Loaded . Agglomerates containing 'solid bridges' exhibited higher strength (three to eight times) and lower FPF (5-15%, corresponding to 86% and 90% RH) compared to those containing 'liquid bridges'. These results have provided direct information on the agglomerate strength and its quantitative relationship with powder aerosol performance.
Particle corrugation DPI AFM Particle adhesion a b s t r a c t Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was ... more Particle corrugation DPI AFM Particle adhesion a b s t r a c t Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate the particle adhesion and surface morphology of engineered particles for dry powder inhaler (DPI) respiratory therapy to gain a greater understanding of interparticle forces and the aerosolisation process. A series of spherical model drug particles of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was prepared with different degrees of surface corrugation. The particles were evaluated in terms of particle size (laser diffraction) and microscopic morphology (scanning electron microscopy). Conventional tapping mode AFM was used to evaluate the nanoscopic morphology and derive specific roughness parameters, while AFM colloid probe microscopy was used to directly measure the interaction of functionalised probes. The physical characterisation and AFM measurements were evaluated in terms of in vitro aerosolisation performance, using a conventional Rotahaler ® DPI and multistage liquid impinger. A direct relationship between the root mean square roughness, particle adhesion and in vitro aerosol performance (measured as fine particle fraction, FPF) was observed suggesting that as the degree of corrugation increased, particle adhesion was reduced which, resulted in a concomitant increase in FPF.
This paper presents a simple and e cient building block, called slide, for constructing communica... more This paper presents a simple and e cient building block, called slide, for constructing communication protocols in dynamic networks whose topology frequently changes. We employ slide to derive (1) an end-to-end communication protocol with optimal amortized message complexity, and (2) a general method to e ciently and systematically combine dynamic and static algorithms. (Dynamic algorithms are designed for dynamic networks, and static algorithms work in networks with stable topology.)
The dichotomy between fermions and bosons is at the root of many physical phenomena, from metalli... more The dichotomy between fermions and bosons is at the root of many physical phenomena, from metallic conduction of electricity to super-fluidity, and from the periodic table to coherent propagation of light. The dichotomy originates from the symmetry of the quantum mechanical wave function to the interchange of two identical particles. In systems that are confined to two spatial dimensions particles that are neither fermions nor bosons, coined ''anyons'', may exist. The fractional quantum Hall effect offers an experimental system where this possibility is realized. In this paper we present the concept of anyons, we explain why the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect almost forces the notion of anyons upon us, and we review several possible ways for a direct observation of the physics of anyons. Furthermore, we devote a large part of the paper to non-abelian anyons, motivating their existence from the point of view of trial wave functions, giving a simple exposition of their relation to conformal field theories, and reviewing several proposals for their direct observation.
Objective: A diet low in sodium, high in potassium, and high in calcium is recommended to lower b... more Objective: A diet low in sodium, high in potassium, and high in calcium is recommended to lower blood pressure. However, compliance with this diet is poor, probably because of dietary intake underestimation. Therefore, we compared electrolyte intake as estimated from dietary recall with a 24-h urinary excretion. Methods: Thirty-six patients (26 men and 10 women) with a mean age of 46 Ϯ 8 y participated in the study. All participants had essential hypertension and were on no drug therapy (n ϭ 20) or non-diuretic monotherapy (n ϭ 16). Patients were instructed to consume a low-sodium (50 mmol/d), high-potassium (supplementation with 30 to 60 mmol/d), and high-calcium (1000 mg/d) diet. Compliance with the diet was assessed at baseline and then 1, 2, and 3 mo after starting the diet. Sodium, potassium, and calcium intakes were carefully estimated from patients' dietary recall and 24-h urinary collection. Results: Estimated sodium intake significantly correlated with 24-h urinary excretion (R ϭ 0.43 P Ͻ 0.001). However, estimated sodium intake was lower than urinary sodium excretion by 34% at baseline and by 47% after 3 mo of dieting (P Ͻ 0.05). Estimated potassium intake correlated with 24-h urinary excretion. Estimated calcium intake significantly increased from 933 Ϯ 83 mg/d to 1029 Ϯ 171 mg/d (P Ͻ 0.05). Calcium intake derived from patients' recall far exceeded and only slightly correlated with 24-h urinary excretion (R ϭ 0.23, P Ͻ 0.01). Conclusions: Patients tend to underestimate their sodium intake by 30% to 50%; therefore, urinary sodium excretion is more accurate to assess sodium intake. Thus, 24-h urinary sodium excretion should be used in clinical practice and in clinical trials, especially when dietary non-compliance is suspected. (E. Grossman).
We investigated whether patients undergoing vaginal delivery who developed peripartum fever (PPF)... more We investigated whether patients undergoing vaginal delivery who developed peripartum fever (PPF) had increased rates of other gestational complications. A retrospective study was undertaken comparing pregnancy complications of patients who developed PPF with those who did not. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to control for confounders. To avoid ascertainment bias, the year of birth was included in the model. Women who underwent cesarean delivery and those with multiple pregnancies were excluded from the study. During the study period, there were 169,738 singleton vaginal deliveries, and 0.4% of the women suffered from PPF. Hypertensive disorders, induction of labor, dystocia of labor in the second stage, suspected fetal distress, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, postpartum hemorrhage, manual lysis of a retained placenta, and revision of the uterine cavity and cervix were found to be independently associated with PPF by multivariable analysis. Year of birth was found to be a risk factor for fever. Apgar scores lower than 7 at 1 but not 5 minutes were significantly higher in the PPF group. Perinatal mortality rates were significantly higher among women with PPF (6.7% versus 1.3%, odds ratio [OR] = 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.9 to 7.3; P < 0.001). Using another multivariable analysis, with perinatal mortality as the outcome variable, PPF was found as an independent risk factor for perinatal mortality (OR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.9 to 4.6; P < 0.001). PPF in women undergoing vaginal deliveries is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and specifically is an independent risk factor for perinatal mortality.
In the present work we study the on-line call admission problem in optical networks. We present a... more In the present work we study the on-line call admission problem in optical networks. We present a general technique to deal with the problem of call admission and wavelength selection by reducing this problem to the problem of only call admission. We then give randomized algorithms with logarithmic competitive ratios for specific topologies in two models of optical networks, and consider the case of full-duplex communication as well.
In this paper, we analyze how sharing advance demand information (ADI) can improve supply-chain p... more In this paper, we analyze how sharing advance demand information (ADI) can improve supply-chain performance. We consider two types of ADI, aggregated ADI (A-ADI) and detailed ADI (D-ADI). With A-ADI, customers share with manufacturers information about ...
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