Primary osteoclast-like giant cell tumor (OC-GCT) has been rarely described in extraskeletal site... more Primary osteoclast-like giant cell tumor (OC-GCT) has been rarely described in extraskeletal sites. The diagnosis primarily hinges on the detection of giant cells. However, these giant cells are also seen in many giant cell lesions, thus creating diagnostic confusion and dilemma. Here, we describe a rare case of a 24-year-old male with primary extraskeletal, OC-GCT presenting as a swelling in the right parotid region and highlight its cytological, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics with diagnostic challenges.
While carcinoma of breast is common condition, stromal sarcomas are rare tumors of breast, amongs... more While carcinoma of breast is common condition, stromal sarcomas are rare tumors of breast, amongst which fibrosarcoma accounts for 16% of cases. Only a few case reports are available in the international literature. We report a case of fibrosarcoma of breast, which presented as an un-encapsulated mass in the right breast of a 60-year-old female. This case was diagnosed after exclusion of all possible differential diagnoses namely metaplastic carcinoma, cystosarcoma phylloides and other sarcomas of breast owing to its different histogenesis and prognostic behavior, in the light of detailed histopathological examination and immunohistochemical profile.
2 0 1 6 I n d I a n J o u r n a l o f P a t h o l o g y a n d M I c r o b I o l o g y | P u b l I... more 2 0 1 6 I n d I a n J o u r n a l o f P a t h o l o g y a n d M I c r o b I o l o g y | P u b l I S h e d b y W o l t e r S K l u W e r-M e d K n o W ABSTRACT Primary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the heart is a rare malignant tumor which has poor prognosis and survival despite surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. The preoperative diagnosis is often difficult in view of nonspecific clinicoradiological findings. This report describes a case of a 60‑year‑old woman who was clinically diagnosed as left atrial myxoma. A diagnosis of pleomorphic RMS was made on histopathology after excision. Our case discusses the clinicopathological features and treatment options of cardiac RMS emphasizing the fact that histopathology and immunohistochemistry are essential to confirm the diagnosis of such an aggressive malignant tumor.
ABSTrACT Psoriasis is a chronic, genetically linked, scaly, and inflammatory disease of the skin.... more ABSTrACT Psoriasis is a chronic, genetically linked, scaly, and inflammatory disease of the skin. Oral manifestations of psoriasis are rare and are often difficult to diagnose. A 35‑year‑old female presented with gum bleeding, chronic irritation, intolerance to salt and spicy food, and frequent occurrence of painful mouth ulcers with a fissured tongue. Examination of the oral cavity showed desquamations on the buccal mucosa with pedunculated and exophytic growths and also slight gingival enlargements in the anterior segment. The exophytic growths along with gingival enlargement were excised and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed them to be psoriasis. Oral psoriasis is a rare entity and might be confused with other oral mucous membrane dermatoses; hence, it should be considered under differential diagnosis of oral mucous membrane disorders and confirmed histopathologically.
Introduction: Prevalence of vitellointestinal duct anomalies varies from 2-4%. Though a completel... more Introduction: Prevalence of vitellointestinal duct anomalies varies from 2-4%. Though a completely patent vitellointestinal duct is a common symptomatic embryological defect with a prevalence of 0.0063-0.067%, other vitellointestinal abnormalities are rarely reported. Ours is the first case to describe histopathological features of an umbilical fistula harboring an occult tubular adenoma. Case Report: We report a case of onemonth old child, presenting with umbilical fistula for which excision and ileal anastomosis was performed. Routine histopathologic examination revealed an occult tubular adenoma in tip of the fistula. Conclusion: Adenoma arising in an umbilical fistula at such an early stage of infancy has never been reported before. Detection of occult adenoma warrants screening GI endoscopy, genetic testing for syndromic gastrointestinal adenomatosis and carcinomas and lifelong surveillance. Our case highlights the importance of routine histopathologic examination in detection of occult premalignant lesions as it significantly affects the patient management and prognosis.
Mixed medullary–follicular carcinoma is an uncommon tumor of the thyroid. It is characterized by ... more Mixed medullary–follicular carcinoma is an uncommon tumor of the thyroid. It is characterized by histological and immunohistochemical features of both follicular and parafollicular C cells. We report a case of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in a 26 year old female, which on light microscopy, showed not only the well known arrangement of cells in sheets and nests, but also unequivocal follicular structures. Precise diagnosis of mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma is essential for accurate treatment and follows.
Spindle cell lipoma, which usually arises in the soft tissues, is rare in breast and is diffi cul... more Spindle cell lipoma, which usually arises in the soft tissues, is rare in breast and is diffi cult to differentiate from primary mammary spindle cell tumor. Here, we present the case of a 48-year-old woman with a 3-cm, solitary, well-circumscribed and nontethered mass lying deep within the tissue of left breast, incidentally detected on routine mammography. The spindle cells proved to be immunoreactive to CD 34, but nonreactive to desmin and smooth muscle actin. KEY WORDS: Breast, CD 34, Spindle cell lipoma definitive diagnosis. The patient underwent needle localization and excision of mass.
Ovarian cancers are commonly diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. It ranks among the t... more Ovarian cancers are commonly diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. It ranks among the top ten diagnosed cancers and top five deadliest cancers in most countries. However, in spite of this squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary is extremely rare. Here, we present a review of the literature along with a case of a 66-year-old postmenopausal female who presented with swelling, pain abdomen with constipation, and weight loss. She was diagnosed with pure (de novo) primary SCC of left ovary. No pre/co-existing ovarian lesion was identified. Despite external radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy, the patient died in 2 months.
Plasmacytoma is a localized collection of malignant plasma cells. The disease is divided into Sol... more Plasmacytoma is a localized collection of malignant plasma cells. The disease is divided into Solitary plasmacytoma of the bone (SPB) and extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) which are both distinct entity. SPB usually occur in the bones characteristically affected in multiple myeloma and EMP was most frequently located in the oronasopharynx and paranasal sinuses, with a 15-30% incidence of regional lymph node involvement. We report a case of Solitary plasmacytoma of medial end clavicle resulting in pain and swelling of left clavicle in a 28 year old farmer. SPB can involve any bone in the body but involvement of medial end of clavicle though reported is a very rare presentation.
Sir, A 15‑year‑old girl presented to the OPD with the complaints of a painless, progressively inc... more Sir, A 15‑year‑old girl presented to the OPD with the complaints of a painless, progressively increasing swelling present at the angle of right jaw for the last two years. Patient did not have any cutaneous, ocular or skeletal manifestations of neurofibromatosis‑1 (NF‑1). None of the family member had any stigmata of NF‑1. Her physical examination revealed a large, lobulated, firm, non tender swelling at the angle of mandible. Examination of the oral cavity revealed vague fullness in the floor of mouth with healthy oral mucosa with House‑Brackman grade III ipsilateral facial palsy. There was no palpable cervical lymphadenopathy. Clinical impression of a benign parotid tumor was made. To ascertain the nature of the lesion, CT scan was performed which showed an irregular heterogeneously Figure 1: (a,b) CT scan shows a large well defined, encapsulated, heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue density lesion in the region of the right parotid involving both the lobes, extending into parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal space upto pharyngeal mucosal space b a Figure 2: Axial images of follow‑up MRI done 1 week after chemotherapy withdrawal showing marked reduction in hyper‑intensity on T2W images (a) and also DWI (b) likely due to a T2 shine through effect. ADC maps are normal (c) c b a Our case is another example of such variation from the accepted trends in PRES. We conclude that restricted diffusion does not always correlate with irreversibility of such lesions, as is often described in the literature. This indicates that presence of restricted diffusion should not be considered a bad prognostic omen in PRES.
Secretory breast carcinoma is a rare breast cancer with indolent clinical behavior. It accounts f... more Secretory breast carcinoma is a rare breast cancer with indolent clinical behavior. It accounts for less than 0.15% of all breast cancers and is usually seen in children and young adults. Despite the low frequency, secretory breast carcinomas elicit pathologic interest because of their unique morphology and excellent prognosis. Normally, secretory carcinoma is seen in young age group. Its occurrence in older age group is rare. The authors hereby report a case of secretory breast carcinoma occurring in a 65-year-old female.
Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors composed of Schwann cells, which normally produce the ... more Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors composed of Schwann cells, which normally produce the insulating myelin sheath covering the peripheral nerves. Common locations include the head, neck, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum. These tumors are usually asymptomatic until they become large and compress the surrounding tissues. Most schwannomas occur during the third and fourth decades of life, with an equal gender distribution. We present the case of a schwannoma that originated in the scrotum.
Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) is an aggressive tumor variant thought to arise predomina... more Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) is an aggressive tumor variant thought to arise predominantly from differentiation of clear cell carcinoma. A few reports of SRCC associated with non-clear cell tumors led to the presumption that SRCC may arise from any renal cell carcinoma, although direct evidence of this is lacking. We report a case of a 70-year-old male patient, who presented with acute left upper quadrant abdominal pain and was diagnosed to have SRCC after pathological examination. The patient is on high dose interleukin (IL-2)-based immunotherapy and is apparently free of disease six months after surgery.
developing countries like ours, where the facility of frozen sections is often not available, sin... more developing countries like ours, where the facility of frozen sections is often not available, since a rapid preliminary diagnosis may help in surgical management planning.
Neurothekeomas are rare, benign neoplasms, typically occurring in younger patients with a remarka... more Neurothekeomas are rare, benign neoplasms, typically occurring in younger patients with a remarkable predilection for the female population. Patients usually present with a small nodule in different anatomical sites, commonly involving the face and the upper limb. We present the case of a three year old boy, who presented with a nodule on the left thumb. Surgical biopsy and immunostaining confirmed the diagnosis of myxoid neurothekeoma. The nomenclature and derivation of these tumors is controversial. The rarity of this unusual skin tumor in a toddler and in daily routine histopathologic findings prompted the following report.
Presenting two cases of vascular malformations of ovary, both presenting with different and decep... more Presenting two cases of vascular malformations of ovary, both presenting with different and deceptive clinical features. Clinical presentation were: Case 1. 55/ F with hyper-estrogenemia and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Case 2. 45/ F with ovarian mass suspicious of malignancy. A laprotomy was done in both cases and we received Uterus with cervix with bilateral adenexa. Relevant sections were taken. Histopathological examination revealed numerous dilated vascular channels lined by endothelial cells. Features were suggestive of: Case 1. Ovarian hemangioma with endometrial hyperplasia. Case 2. Cavernous hemangioma, ovary. Vascular malformations of ovary are very rare arising from failure in vascular formation, particularly in the canalizing process. The number of well documented cases seems to be nearly 60. It has been hypothesized that these induce stromal luteinization by mass effect in rare cases, leading to endometrial hyperplasia, thus making our cases even rarer.
Rhinosporidiosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease, characterized by polypoidal lesions of ... more Rhinosporidiosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease, characterized by polypoidal lesions of the mucous membrane. It commonly affects the mucous membrane of the nose, pharynx, conjunctiva and palate. Rhinosporidium seeberi is the causative agent. Higher prevalence is seen in the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, mainly in south India but remains quite rare in the northern states. Presented here is a case of a 32-year-old female with a polypoid nasal rhinosporidiosis. The patient presented with a long-standing history of right nasal obstruction and intermittent epistaxis since the last 2 years. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination and she was successfully treated by complete surgical excision. Nasal rhinosporidiosis lesions may largely mimic other ordinary nasal polyps, hence, it is very crucial for clinicians in the northern region to consider rhinosporidiosis as a differential diagnosis when assessing patients presenting with nasal swellings.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare chronic renal infection of unknown pathogenesis char... more Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare chronic renal infection of unknown pathogenesis characterized by replacement of renal parenchyma by lipid filled macrophages frequently associated with an enlarged, non-functioning kidney and an obstructing calculus. We report a case of a 45 year old non diabetic female who presented with gradually enlarging renal mass with extensive retroperitoneal involvement and a non-functioning kidney with no evidence of obstructing stone or fat density and simulating malignancy. She was diagnosed as stage III Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and managed with radical nephrectomy with favourable outcome.
Benign vascular tumors of bone are extremely infrequent. Symptomatic vascular tumors are even mor... more Benign vascular tumors of bone are extremely infrequent. Symptomatic vascular tumors are even more infrequent. Vertebral hemangiomas represent 2-3% of all radiologically detectable spinal tumours. Symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas are rare and represent <1% of all hemangiomas. If untreated they can lead to serious neurological deficit. We report a case of a vertebral hemangioma in thoracic region causing spinal cord compression. We want to emphasize the point by reporting this case is that, although symptomatic spinal hemangioma is rare but it should always be included in the differential diagnosis of symptomatic spinal lesions especially in developing countries where tubercular lesion is more common.
Primary osteoclast-like giant cell tumor (OC-GCT) has been rarely described in extraskeletal site... more Primary osteoclast-like giant cell tumor (OC-GCT) has been rarely described in extraskeletal sites. The diagnosis primarily hinges on the detection of giant cells. However, these giant cells are also seen in many giant cell lesions, thus creating diagnostic confusion and dilemma. Here, we describe a rare case of a 24-year-old male with primary extraskeletal, OC-GCT presenting as a swelling in the right parotid region and highlight its cytological, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics with diagnostic challenges.
While carcinoma of breast is common condition, stromal sarcomas are rare tumors of breast, amongs... more While carcinoma of breast is common condition, stromal sarcomas are rare tumors of breast, amongst which fibrosarcoma accounts for 16% of cases. Only a few case reports are available in the international literature. We report a case of fibrosarcoma of breast, which presented as an un-encapsulated mass in the right breast of a 60-year-old female. This case was diagnosed after exclusion of all possible differential diagnoses namely metaplastic carcinoma, cystosarcoma phylloides and other sarcomas of breast owing to its different histogenesis and prognostic behavior, in the light of detailed histopathological examination and immunohistochemical profile.
2 0 1 6 I n d I a n J o u r n a l o f P a t h o l o g y a n d M I c r o b I o l o g y | P u b l I... more 2 0 1 6 I n d I a n J o u r n a l o f P a t h o l o g y a n d M I c r o b I o l o g y | P u b l I S h e d b y W o l t e r S K l u W e r-M e d K n o W ABSTRACT Primary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the heart is a rare malignant tumor which has poor prognosis and survival despite surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. The preoperative diagnosis is often difficult in view of nonspecific clinicoradiological findings. This report describes a case of a 60‑year‑old woman who was clinically diagnosed as left atrial myxoma. A diagnosis of pleomorphic RMS was made on histopathology after excision. Our case discusses the clinicopathological features and treatment options of cardiac RMS emphasizing the fact that histopathology and immunohistochemistry are essential to confirm the diagnosis of such an aggressive malignant tumor.
ABSTrACT Psoriasis is a chronic, genetically linked, scaly, and inflammatory disease of the skin.... more ABSTrACT Psoriasis is a chronic, genetically linked, scaly, and inflammatory disease of the skin. Oral manifestations of psoriasis are rare and are often difficult to diagnose. A 35‑year‑old female presented with gum bleeding, chronic irritation, intolerance to salt and spicy food, and frequent occurrence of painful mouth ulcers with a fissured tongue. Examination of the oral cavity showed desquamations on the buccal mucosa with pedunculated and exophytic growths and also slight gingival enlargements in the anterior segment. The exophytic growths along with gingival enlargement were excised and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed them to be psoriasis. Oral psoriasis is a rare entity and might be confused with other oral mucous membrane dermatoses; hence, it should be considered under differential diagnosis of oral mucous membrane disorders and confirmed histopathologically.
Introduction: Prevalence of vitellointestinal duct anomalies varies from 2-4%. Though a completel... more Introduction: Prevalence of vitellointestinal duct anomalies varies from 2-4%. Though a completely patent vitellointestinal duct is a common symptomatic embryological defect with a prevalence of 0.0063-0.067%, other vitellointestinal abnormalities are rarely reported. Ours is the first case to describe histopathological features of an umbilical fistula harboring an occult tubular adenoma. Case Report: We report a case of onemonth old child, presenting with umbilical fistula for which excision and ileal anastomosis was performed. Routine histopathologic examination revealed an occult tubular adenoma in tip of the fistula. Conclusion: Adenoma arising in an umbilical fistula at such an early stage of infancy has never been reported before. Detection of occult adenoma warrants screening GI endoscopy, genetic testing for syndromic gastrointestinal adenomatosis and carcinomas and lifelong surveillance. Our case highlights the importance of routine histopathologic examination in detection of occult premalignant lesions as it significantly affects the patient management and prognosis.
Mixed medullary–follicular carcinoma is an uncommon tumor of the thyroid. It is characterized by ... more Mixed medullary–follicular carcinoma is an uncommon tumor of the thyroid. It is characterized by histological and immunohistochemical features of both follicular and parafollicular C cells. We report a case of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in a 26 year old female, which on light microscopy, showed not only the well known arrangement of cells in sheets and nests, but also unequivocal follicular structures. Precise diagnosis of mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma is essential for accurate treatment and follows.
Spindle cell lipoma, which usually arises in the soft tissues, is rare in breast and is diffi cul... more Spindle cell lipoma, which usually arises in the soft tissues, is rare in breast and is diffi cult to differentiate from primary mammary spindle cell tumor. Here, we present the case of a 48-year-old woman with a 3-cm, solitary, well-circumscribed and nontethered mass lying deep within the tissue of left breast, incidentally detected on routine mammography. The spindle cells proved to be immunoreactive to CD 34, but nonreactive to desmin and smooth muscle actin. KEY WORDS: Breast, CD 34, Spindle cell lipoma definitive diagnosis. The patient underwent needle localization and excision of mass.
Ovarian cancers are commonly diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. It ranks among the t... more Ovarian cancers are commonly diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. It ranks among the top ten diagnosed cancers and top five deadliest cancers in most countries. However, in spite of this squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary is extremely rare. Here, we present a review of the literature along with a case of a 66-year-old postmenopausal female who presented with swelling, pain abdomen with constipation, and weight loss. She was diagnosed with pure (de novo) primary SCC of left ovary. No pre/co-existing ovarian lesion was identified. Despite external radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy, the patient died in 2 months.
Plasmacytoma is a localized collection of malignant plasma cells. The disease is divided into Sol... more Plasmacytoma is a localized collection of malignant plasma cells. The disease is divided into Solitary plasmacytoma of the bone (SPB) and extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) which are both distinct entity. SPB usually occur in the bones characteristically affected in multiple myeloma and EMP was most frequently located in the oronasopharynx and paranasal sinuses, with a 15-30% incidence of regional lymph node involvement. We report a case of Solitary plasmacytoma of medial end clavicle resulting in pain and swelling of left clavicle in a 28 year old farmer. SPB can involve any bone in the body but involvement of medial end of clavicle though reported is a very rare presentation.
Sir, A 15‑year‑old girl presented to the OPD with the complaints of a painless, progressively inc... more Sir, A 15‑year‑old girl presented to the OPD with the complaints of a painless, progressively increasing swelling present at the angle of right jaw for the last two years. Patient did not have any cutaneous, ocular or skeletal manifestations of neurofibromatosis‑1 (NF‑1). None of the family member had any stigmata of NF‑1. Her physical examination revealed a large, lobulated, firm, non tender swelling at the angle of mandible. Examination of the oral cavity revealed vague fullness in the floor of mouth with healthy oral mucosa with House‑Brackman grade III ipsilateral facial palsy. There was no palpable cervical lymphadenopathy. Clinical impression of a benign parotid tumor was made. To ascertain the nature of the lesion, CT scan was performed which showed an irregular heterogeneously Figure 1: (a,b) CT scan shows a large well defined, encapsulated, heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue density lesion in the region of the right parotid involving both the lobes, extending into parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal space upto pharyngeal mucosal space b a Figure 2: Axial images of follow‑up MRI done 1 week after chemotherapy withdrawal showing marked reduction in hyper‑intensity on T2W images (a) and also DWI (b) likely due to a T2 shine through effect. ADC maps are normal (c) c b a Our case is another example of such variation from the accepted trends in PRES. We conclude that restricted diffusion does not always correlate with irreversibility of such lesions, as is often described in the literature. This indicates that presence of restricted diffusion should not be considered a bad prognostic omen in PRES.
Secretory breast carcinoma is a rare breast cancer with indolent clinical behavior. It accounts f... more Secretory breast carcinoma is a rare breast cancer with indolent clinical behavior. It accounts for less than 0.15% of all breast cancers and is usually seen in children and young adults. Despite the low frequency, secretory breast carcinomas elicit pathologic interest because of their unique morphology and excellent prognosis. Normally, secretory carcinoma is seen in young age group. Its occurrence in older age group is rare. The authors hereby report a case of secretory breast carcinoma occurring in a 65-year-old female.
Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors composed of Schwann cells, which normally produce the ... more Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors composed of Schwann cells, which normally produce the insulating myelin sheath covering the peripheral nerves. Common locations include the head, neck, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum. These tumors are usually asymptomatic until they become large and compress the surrounding tissues. Most schwannomas occur during the third and fourth decades of life, with an equal gender distribution. We present the case of a schwannoma that originated in the scrotum.
Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) is an aggressive tumor variant thought to arise predomina... more Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) is an aggressive tumor variant thought to arise predominantly from differentiation of clear cell carcinoma. A few reports of SRCC associated with non-clear cell tumors led to the presumption that SRCC may arise from any renal cell carcinoma, although direct evidence of this is lacking. We report a case of a 70-year-old male patient, who presented with acute left upper quadrant abdominal pain and was diagnosed to have SRCC after pathological examination. The patient is on high dose interleukin (IL-2)-based immunotherapy and is apparently free of disease six months after surgery.
developing countries like ours, where the facility of frozen sections is often not available, sin... more developing countries like ours, where the facility of frozen sections is often not available, since a rapid preliminary diagnosis may help in surgical management planning.
Neurothekeomas are rare, benign neoplasms, typically occurring in younger patients with a remarka... more Neurothekeomas are rare, benign neoplasms, typically occurring in younger patients with a remarkable predilection for the female population. Patients usually present with a small nodule in different anatomical sites, commonly involving the face and the upper limb. We present the case of a three year old boy, who presented with a nodule on the left thumb. Surgical biopsy and immunostaining confirmed the diagnosis of myxoid neurothekeoma. The nomenclature and derivation of these tumors is controversial. The rarity of this unusual skin tumor in a toddler and in daily routine histopathologic findings prompted the following report.
Presenting two cases of vascular malformations of ovary, both presenting with different and decep... more Presenting two cases of vascular malformations of ovary, both presenting with different and deceptive clinical features. Clinical presentation were: Case 1. 55/ F with hyper-estrogenemia and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Case 2. 45/ F with ovarian mass suspicious of malignancy. A laprotomy was done in both cases and we received Uterus with cervix with bilateral adenexa. Relevant sections were taken. Histopathological examination revealed numerous dilated vascular channels lined by endothelial cells. Features were suggestive of: Case 1. Ovarian hemangioma with endometrial hyperplasia. Case 2. Cavernous hemangioma, ovary. Vascular malformations of ovary are very rare arising from failure in vascular formation, particularly in the canalizing process. The number of well documented cases seems to be nearly 60. It has been hypothesized that these induce stromal luteinization by mass effect in rare cases, leading to endometrial hyperplasia, thus making our cases even rarer.
Rhinosporidiosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease, characterized by polypoidal lesions of ... more Rhinosporidiosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease, characterized by polypoidal lesions of the mucous membrane. It commonly affects the mucous membrane of the nose, pharynx, conjunctiva and palate. Rhinosporidium seeberi is the causative agent. Higher prevalence is seen in the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, mainly in south India but remains quite rare in the northern states. Presented here is a case of a 32-year-old female with a polypoid nasal rhinosporidiosis. The patient presented with a long-standing history of right nasal obstruction and intermittent epistaxis since the last 2 years. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination and she was successfully treated by complete surgical excision. Nasal rhinosporidiosis lesions may largely mimic other ordinary nasal polyps, hence, it is very crucial for clinicians in the northern region to consider rhinosporidiosis as a differential diagnosis when assessing patients presenting with nasal swellings.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare chronic renal infection of unknown pathogenesis char... more Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare chronic renal infection of unknown pathogenesis characterized by replacement of renal parenchyma by lipid filled macrophages frequently associated with an enlarged, non-functioning kidney and an obstructing calculus. We report a case of a 45 year old non diabetic female who presented with gradually enlarging renal mass with extensive retroperitoneal involvement and a non-functioning kidney with no evidence of obstructing stone or fat density and simulating malignancy. She was diagnosed as stage III Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and managed with radical nephrectomy with favourable outcome.
Benign vascular tumors of bone are extremely infrequent. Symptomatic vascular tumors are even mor... more Benign vascular tumors of bone are extremely infrequent. Symptomatic vascular tumors are even more infrequent. Vertebral hemangiomas represent 2-3% of all radiologically detectable spinal tumours. Symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas are rare and represent <1% of all hemangiomas. If untreated they can lead to serious neurological deficit. We report a case of a vertebral hemangioma in thoracic region causing spinal cord compression. We want to emphasize the point by reporting this case is that, although symptomatic spinal hemangioma is rare but it should always be included in the differential diagnosis of symptomatic spinal lesions especially in developing countries where tubercular lesion is more common.
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Papers by Sufian Zaheer