БОСПОРСКИЙ ФЕНОМЕН: САКРАЛЬНЫЙ СМЫСЛ РЕГИОНА, ПАМЯТНИКОВ, НАХОДОК: Материалы Международной научной конференции. Том Часть 1. Санкт-Петербург, 2007, 2007
The work is devoted to revealing of Aphrodites worship aspects in the religious system of the Bos... more The work is devoted to revealing of Aphrodites worship aspects in the religious system of the Bosporan Kingdom in II century ВС - III AD. The author proceeds from an idea that under the circumstances of Pontus and then the Roman expansion some specific traits in this cult should be revealed. First of all rises Aphrodites role as a grantor of military success (especially at the naval operations). Inscriptions, coins, jewelry and some other sources attest preeminence of Aphrodite as a patroness of the king and the whole kingdom. The goddess function as a guardian of the nether world and also a grantor of rebirth hope also may be traced.
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Papers by Denis Bunin
The chrono-sequence of paleosols buried under stone buildings of the antique Tanais related to different chrono-intervals within the time of the city’s existence (from the second half of the 3rd century BC to the middle or the end of the 5th century AD) was studied using paleopedological, biomorphic and palynological analyzes; and reconstruction of climate and vegetation was proposed. The climate of the initial period of life of the city was similar or slightly more humid than current conditions. Morphological and physicochemical properties of paleosols dated back to the turn of the 3rd–2nd and the second half of the 2nd centuries BC are similar to those of modern ordinary chernozems. Palynological spectra indicate the development of meadowsteppe vegetation, and microbiomorphic analysis shows the richness of the flora of surrounding the city spaces. There is a noticeable share of cultural cereals as well as ruderal species in the pollen spectra. Reed plants and coniferous trees were widely used for economic needs. The significant climatic aridization occurred at the turn of the era, i.e., during the 1st century BC – 1st century AD. In the paleosols dated back to the 1st century AD, the maximum values of carbonates and gypsum content, pH, maximum share of exchangeable magnesium and sodium in the composition of exchange bases were detected. Spore-pollen spectra are xerophytic, they do not contain pollen of broad-leaved trees, the species composition of herbs is poor, the Chenopodiaceae and Graminea plants predominate. The share of pollen of cultural cereals is noticeably lower than previously. According to archaeological data, the city experienced a devastating ravage, a series of fires and destruction and was restored very slowly. Palinological spectra of the 4th century AD are characteristic for the steppe conditions, and also the share of pollen of pine increases, which can serve as an indicator of its expansion in the floodplain forests in the middle reaches of the Don River. The share of species associated with anthropogenic impact on the vegetation cover is lower than that for the early period of Tanais functioning and prosperity, which may indicate an incomplete recovery of past economic activity.
considered starting with the 3rd century BC and ending at the 5th century AD. For the reconstruction
of paleoclimatic changes in the mentioned period the palynological and paleopedological
data for the region near the Azov Sea, in particular, and for the steppe zone of the European part
of Russia as a whole were used. The antique city was located on the right bank of the river Tanais
(Don) near its confluence with the Azov Sea and exercised trade and economic relations
with the barbarian (nomadic) population inhabited the steppes near the Don River and the Azov
Sea. It is shown that the foundation in the 3rd century BC and formation of Tanais in the 2nd century
BC took place in relatively comfortable and favorable climatic conditions comparable to
those of the modern period. The most devastating conquest and destruction of the city by the
Bosporus King Polemon was at the end of the 1st century BC during the peak of climatic aridization
when Tanais could survive the economic crisis. After more than a century in the revived city
the composition of the population and plan of housing were changed. It is possible that at the
same time the sea receded further from the city, the river changed its course and the city lost a
part of seaport. Climatic conditions since the second half of the 2nd till the middle or end of the
4th centuries AD were characterized as favorable. Another wave of aridity was dated to the border
between the 4th and 5th centuries AD or to first half of the 5th century AD. In the era of the
Great Migration of people, in the end of the 5th century AD, the existence of the city ended.
The chrono-sequence of paleosols buried under stone buildings of the antique Tanais related to different chrono-intervals within the time of the city’s existence (from the second half of the 3rd century BC to the middle or the end of the 5th century AD) was studied using paleopedological, biomorphic and palynological analyzes; and reconstruction of climate and vegetation was proposed. The climate of the initial period of life of the city was similar or slightly more humid than current conditions. Morphological and physicochemical properties of paleosols dated back to the turn of the 3rd–2nd and the second half of the 2nd centuries BC are similar to those of modern ordinary chernozems. Palynological spectra indicate the development of meadowsteppe vegetation, and microbiomorphic analysis shows the richness of the flora of surrounding the city spaces. There is a noticeable share of cultural cereals as well as ruderal species in the pollen spectra. Reed plants and coniferous trees were widely used for economic needs. The significant climatic aridization occurred at the turn of the era, i.e., during the 1st century BC – 1st century AD. In the paleosols dated back to the 1st century AD, the maximum values of carbonates and gypsum content, pH, maximum share of exchangeable magnesium and sodium in the composition of exchange bases were detected. Spore-pollen spectra are xerophytic, they do not contain pollen of broad-leaved trees, the species composition of herbs is poor, the Chenopodiaceae and Graminea plants predominate. The share of pollen of cultural cereals is noticeably lower than previously. According to archaeological data, the city experienced a devastating ravage, a series of fires and destruction and was restored very slowly. Palinological spectra of the 4th century AD are characteristic for the steppe conditions, and also the share of pollen of pine increases, which can serve as an indicator of its expansion in the floodplain forests in the middle reaches of the Don River. The share of species associated with anthropogenic impact on the vegetation cover is lower than that for the early period of Tanais functioning and prosperity, which may indicate an incomplete recovery of past economic activity.
considered starting with the 3rd century BC and ending at the 5th century AD. For the reconstruction
of paleoclimatic changes in the mentioned period the palynological and paleopedological
data for the region near the Azov Sea, in particular, and for the steppe zone of the European part
of Russia as a whole were used. The antique city was located on the right bank of the river Tanais
(Don) near its confluence with the Azov Sea and exercised trade and economic relations
with the barbarian (nomadic) population inhabited the steppes near the Don River and the Azov
Sea. It is shown that the foundation in the 3rd century BC and formation of Tanais in the 2nd century
BC took place in relatively comfortable and favorable climatic conditions comparable to
those of the modern period. The most devastating conquest and destruction of the city by the
Bosporus King Polemon was at the end of the 1st century BC during the peak of climatic aridization
when Tanais could survive the economic crisis. After more than a century in the revived city
the composition of the population and plan of housing were changed. It is possible that at the
same time the sea receded further from the city, the river changed its course and the city lost a
part of seaport. Climatic conditions since the second half of the 2nd till the middle or end of the
4th centuries AD were characterized as favorable. Another wave of aridity was dated to the border
between the 4th and 5th centuries AD or to first half of the 5th century AD. In the era of the
Great Migration of people, in the end of the 5th century AD, the existence of the city ended.