This paper investigates the alignment of business school curriculums with the Sustainable Develop... more This paper investigates the alignment of business school curriculums with the Sustainable Development Goals, utilising a case study of Griffith Business School, Australia. The study utilises an audit of keywords to map content and concepts associated with the goals, targets and indicators of SDGs. The audit results revealed that although there was already considerable uptake of key SDGs concepts throughout the undergraduate programs, in particular Goal 16 (Peace, justice and strong institutions), there were some gaps. Feedback from teaching staff on the results was combined with existing literature and industry/government approaches to offer considerations for future curriculum development that seeks to better integrate SDGs and sustainability. This work contributes to ongoing discussions about sustainability curriculum development and links previous research with the emerging SDG agenda in business schools. The practical nature of this research lends to direct transfer of method to other business schools who are wishing to map and develop their curriculum in relation to the SDGs
Sustainable Tourism Development in Vietnam: A Critical Review , 2021
Vietnam has achieved enormous economic growth after a series of reforms in the 1980’s,
leading to... more Vietnam has achieved enormous economic growth after a series of reforms in the 1980’s, leading to foreign direct investment and the development of the tourism sector. A tourism industry emerged and has burgeoned with the increase of inbound international tourists. In this introductory paper, we critically discuss the three pillars of sustainable development – economic, environment and social elements and how they are addressed in Vietnam tourism research. As well as introducing the special issue papers, primarily written by local scholars, we suggest future research directions. In this special issue, the papers offer Vietnamese scholars’ voices, their interpretations, methodological approaches, and conceptualisations, as they explore sustainable tourism practices and development in Vietnam. These papers provide meaningful insights for future tourism development and research directions.
this chapter seeks to address the gap in both the literature and practice and to contribute to th... more this chapter seeks to address the gap in both the literature and practice and to contribute to the future development of CBT in Vietnam. The chapter first provides background information on the evolution of CBT in Vietnam before exploring critical areas of the CBT literature. Next, the qualitative approaches utilized for the study, on which the findings and discussions are drawn upon, are presented. The findings are further discussed within the context of three CBT case studies in Vietnam. Finally, recommendations are suggested for the future sustainable development of CBT in Vietnam. Community-based tourism (CBT) is a form of alternative tourism that seeks to engage the host community throughout the planning, development and management of tourism. Built around the principles of social equity and cultural and environmental protection, CBT is seen as having great potential to contribute to local communities’ sustainable development (Scheyvens, 2012). In Vietnam, CBT emerged as early as the 1990s and continued to expand rapidly since 2000 as part of the national and global poverty alleviation strategies (Phi and Whitford, 2017). As of 2020, there exist hundreds of CBT sites throughout the three regions of Vietnam (Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, 2020). Despite this rapid growth, many Vietnamese CBT projects still face a wide range of challenges to achieving shortand long-term sustainability. Concurrently, some CBT projects have reported initial success, and opportunities exist in the broader environment to replicate these successes elsewhere.
Handbook of Research on the Role of Tourism in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals , 2021
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight the alleviation of multi-dimensional poverty i... more The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight the alleviation of multi-dimensional poverty in the global development agenda. Yet, for nearly two decades, the link between tourism and poverty alleviation has mainly been framed around the pro-poor tourism (PPT) approach, which aims to increase ‘net'tourism benefits to the economically poor population. While the narrow focus on income-based poverty in PPT has received much criticism, alternative frameworks for research and practice that are capable of lifting the tourism-poverty link beyond the orthodox economic-centred approach have not received sufficient attention. In response, this chapter presents a conceptual framework amalgamates poverty alleviation and development-tourism genera, and the three key underpinning theoretical concepts of global citizenship, sustainable livelihoods, and social entrepreneurship. This framework facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of the development-tourism-poverty alleviation nexus, and offers new pathways to enhance tourism's contribution to Goal 1 of the SDGs.
Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2021
Tourism Social Entrepreneurship is a market-based strategy for sustainable tourism development. I... more Tourism Social Entrepreneurship is a market-based strategy for sustainable tourism development. It solves complex social issues to benefit disadvantaged stakeholders, while seeking to achieve financial sustainability and boost the benefits of tourism. Currently, there is little insight into how social entrepreneurs create these innovative social solutions. This black box hinders the understanding and replication of tourism social entrepreneurial success in different contexts, thus preventing the social benefits of tourism from increasing. We suggest that the literature on TSE can be informed by design thinking-a human centered framework for social innovation. Taking a social enterprise in Vietnam as a case study of Community-Based Tourism Travel, this paper reveals that tourism social entrepreneurs have developed an intuitive ability to apply design thinking to social innovation, despite lacking training. The paper thus sheds light on the social innovative abilities, and contributes to fostering successful social entrepreneurship in a tourism context.
While tourism scholars have sought to problematize the unevenly distributed impacts of the COVID-... more While tourism scholars have sought to problematize the unevenly distributed impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, we know much less about how resilience is cultivated among tourism practitioners and communities whose lives and livelihoods are have been placed in limbo. Drawing on literature at the intersection of critical tourism studies and resilience theory as well as interviews with local tourism practitioners and academics, four historically situated and place-based trends in Southeast Asia that are reshaping tourism in the region are outlined: livelihood diversification, ecosystem regeneration, cultural revitalization, and domestic tourism development. These trends highlight how the political economy of tourism in the region has both challenged and facilitated opportunities for reshaping the industry in (post-) pandemic times. These interconnected trends should not be understood in silo but rather as historically rooted and place-based experiences. The examples of resilience among Southeast Asian residents presented in the article demonstrate that local individuals and communities are active agents in resilience. While the concept of resilience has been applied widely by scholars from multiple disciplines during the COVID-19 pandemic, a critical tourism studies approach to resilience theory accounts for the historically situated nuances of local scale dynamics and their relationship to macro-level processes. Rather than simply focusing on the pandemic’s sudden transformative effects, practices of resilience in Southeast Asia reflect ongoing political-economic and cultural shifts that have often been underway in the region for several decades. The conclusion identifies several policy implications and future directions for tourism research in (post-) pandemic times.
Educating sustainability through hackathons in the hospitality industry: a case study of Scandic hotels, 2021
Education for sustainability (EfS) in the hospitality sector is increasingly recognised as one of... more Education for sustainability (EfS) in the hospitality sector is increasingly recognised as one of the driving forces for sustainable development. One way of fostering sustainability in the hospitality industry is through sustainability hackathons, which are intensive events focusing on "hacking" new sustainability ideas. This paper critically explores how the hospitality industry designs and executes sustainability hackathons within the context of EfS. An exploratory case study was conducted on the Scandic Hotels chain. Data utilised including both relevant reports and in-depth interviews with the highest level of management of Scandic. The execution of the sustainability hackathon illuminates how value-based education, creative problem-solving and co-opetition were critical aspects to foster EfS in the hospitality industry. Moreover, the hackathon facilitators, i.e. the hotels' General Managers, were found to play an essential part in shaping the sustainability education and the event's potential impacts. This paper contributes to expand knowledge on EfS offered by the hospitality industry (as opposed to EfS in formal educational institutions) and make practical recommendations on how sustainability hackathons could be better facilitated by hotel chains.
For some time, tourism researchers have sought to examine and theorise types of collaborative exc... more For some time, tourism researchers have sought to examine and theorise types of collaborative exchange and the characteristics of relational work in tourism. Different ontological and epistemological framings, and associated language games have contributed to a fragmented body of knowledge. In this paper, we argue that the new term ‘co-creation’ is part of this language game, and efforts to date have not linked co-creation to the broader and deeper currents of theory building that have come before. We thus place co-creation within its wider context by, firstly, building a meta-narrative review of the literature that draws together a number of disparate disciplinary-inspired lines of thinking, and secondly, by identifying and extending key concepts of co-creation and its logics to tourism. We trace seven threads of scholarship that demonstrate the ideas and values associated with co-creation have diverse historical roots. Using a meta-narrative approach, we unpack the characteristics of co-creation from different disciplinary lenses, directing attention to issues beyond service-dominant logic approaches towards wider issues of participation, inclusion, power, responsibility, and value. In the process, we contribute to a new and fresh appreciation of value co-creation in tourism literature, along with a nine-point agenda that suggest directions for future research and practice.
To better comprehend how the news media frames modern overtourism, content analysis was conducted... more To better comprehend how the news media frames modern overtourism, content analysis was conducted on 202 news articles. Results suggest that root causes of overtourism are largely overlooked and the focus is on reporting tourist numbers and impacts on local. The growth agenda continues to be promoted in the backdrop of overtourism news, while responsibilities to mitigate negative impacts are attributed to cities, communities and tourists. There is a need to explore responsibilities of diverse tourism actors in addressing overtourism, along with discussions on alternatives to the pro-growth paradigm and the industrial work-home-travel model that fuel modern mass tourism.
Authors: JR Edelheim, K Thomas, KG Åberg, G Phi
Conferences are funny events. They are self-evid... more Authors: JR Edelheim, K Thomas, KG Åberg, G Phi
Conferences are funny events. They are self-evident elements of our lives as academics: meetings that occur, often annually; take place in various locations; and involve (hopefully) like-minded people, aiming to share their latest research findings. Conferences are actually so self-evident that very little research exists analysing what takes place at conferences, why people attend them in the first place, and essentially what the conference does to delegates as participants. This article is, on one hand, a reflective report from an academic conference: TEFI 9—Celebrating the Disruptive Power of Caring in Tourism Education. But it is also simultaneously an analysis of the implicit and explicit rationale and return on investment for attending academic conferences, in the words of three, at that time, PhD candidate rapporteurs and one professor rapporteur, who acts as this article’s narrator.
Increasing interest in poverty alleviation at the beginning of twenty-first century has facilitat... more Increasing interest in poverty alleviation at the beginning of twenty-first century has facilitated the rapid growth of various anti-poverty tourism interventions (ATIs) around the globe. The tourism–poverty alleviation link, however, is still not well established, partly due to a paucity of appropriate evaluation approaches that are capable of simultaneously providing researchers, practitioners and policy-makers with a deeper understanding of an ATI’s mechanisms, the complexity surrounding its operational processes and evidence of its impacts. Additionally, ATI stakeholders’ values and influences play a significant role in ATI evaluation yet their perspectives are often overlooked. Theory of Change (ToC) has the potential to generate a holistic picture of an ATI, as this innovative approach has been developed to connect stakeholders’ theories of context with the mechanisms and outcomes of an intervention. Utilizing a case study of microfinance tourism in Vietnam, this paper provides readers with insight into ToC and proposes a conceptual framework which guides the application of ToC to facilitate the effective evaluation of ATIs.
Ethical tourism initiatives have increasingly been framed as tools to educate tourists about glob... more Ethical tourism initiatives have increasingly been framed as tools to educate tourists about global citizenship (GC), yet it is unclear how these initiatives are conceptualised, planned and implemented by tourism providers. This paper focuses on a form of ethical tourism known as microfinance tourism (MFT). It critically explores MFT providers’ perspectives on what constitutes the goals of educating tourists about GC and how MFT can be designed and implemented to achieve these goals. The study adopted a qualitative approach utilising in-depth interviews with 12 key informants from 6 MFT organisations in Tanzania, Mexico, Jordan and Vietnam. The results reveal that MFT providers rely on an experiential learning process to educate tourists. However, as part of this learning process, MFT initiatives are located on a continuum, constituting those initiatives designed to increase tourists’ compassion and philanthropic actions (i.e. ‘thin’ GC) through to those initiatives seeking to build solidarity and global discussions between tourists in order to challenge the structures that perpetuate global injustice (i.e. ‘thick’ GC). These results highlight the diversity of tourism providers’ perspectives pertaining to GC, the effect diversity has on the design of tourism initiatives and the resultant outcomes of GC education utilising ethical tourism.
Governments are increasingly involved in public–private partnerships to attract, support, and/or ... more Governments are increasingly involved in public–private partnerships to attract, support, and/or stage events. This involvement often leads to governments becoming embroiled in highly politicized battles that focus on issues including community benefit, mitigation of impacts, transparency in decision making, and lack of consultation before, during, and after the event. To date, minimal attention has been paid to the public–private governance arrangements underpinning events. This article seeks to address this gap by presenting a set of indicators that can be operationalized to improve event governance. The article proposes an indicators framework for event governance designed to reflect the event policy-making process. It contributes to the literature by facilitating greater understanding of the significance and influence of event governance indicators. Future application of the framework in research and practice will provide governments with a new management tool, which will enhance democratic decision making and facilitate competitive advantage in a globalized marketplace.
There is a need to better understand the interests of actors in the planning and management of ma... more There is a need to better understand the interests of actors in the planning and management of major events. The diversity of actor perspectives about an event creates a wicked problem set that event organisers and public officials find difficult to understand, let alone address. This paper focuses on problem identification as one stage in the event planning and management process. It explores how problem structuring can contribute to more effective planning and management of actors' interests. The value of Q methodology is explored through a case study of the Australian World Rally Championship. Four perspectives are identified in the problem structuring process: the Skeptics, the Materialists, the Middle-grounders and the Supporters. The findings demonstrate that Q methodology is effective in identifying the depth and breadth of different problem perspectives, providing insights into the importance of different perspectives, and can be used reflexively to anticipate and manage potential conflict.
Rapid change and increased diversity in the policymaking environment over the last few decades ha... more Rapid change and increased diversity in the policymaking environment over the last few decades have confronted policymakers with new challenges, including dealing with and overcoming wicked problems (i.e., issues highly resistant to resolution). Wicked problems always involve multiple actors with diverse goals and finding optimal solutions that satisfy all policy actors are often impossible to find. Three methods in particular have been used to address wicked problems. Overall however, these methods have not proved as effective as Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs) which were designed specifically to assist diverse groups address a problematic situation of common interest, characterized by high levels of complexity, uncertainty and conflict. The event policymaking environment is not impervious to wicked problems as events do not operate in isolation but are tightly linked to the community in which they occur. Indeed there is a diverse array of policy actors within the event policymaking environment which often results in a lack of consensus in goals and problem definition. Not surprisingly then, policy actors are increasingly seeing the emergence of wicked problems in the policymaking process of events, yet little attention has been paid to addressing such policy issues. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap in the research and to provide readers with an insight into PSMs by discussing the potential application of PSMs to the 2009 Australian Repco Rally. This international racing car event which was held in the Northern Rivers region of NSW, Australia, clearly demonstrated a wicked problem involving multiple actors from various institutional backgrounds with divergent perspectives and goals. Complex problems emerged during the policymaking process of the event and this culminated in a high degree of uncertainty, controversy and conflict during the event policy making process. The broad aim of this paper then, is to enhance understanding of PSM's by demonstrating that when the method is utilised in a collaborative environment, it can provide an approach that will assist event policymakers in dealing effectively with a wicked problem.
Preview sách
ISBN978-604-43-2631-3
Quản lý Điểm đến Du lịch Việt Nam: Phát triển Bền vững và Lợi ... more Preview sách ISBN978-604-43-2631-3 Quản lý Điểm đến Du lịch Việt Nam: Phát triển Bền vững và Lợi thế Cạnh tranh 🌿
Cuốn sách là tâm huyết của bốn chuyên gia du lịch, cung cấp những phương pháp quản lý điểm đến hiệu quả, giải pháp phát triển bền vững và chiến lược nâng cao lợi thế cạnh tranh. Sách gồm 10 chương. Nội dung sách kết hợp giữa lý thuyết và thực tiễn, với các ví dụ điển hình trong nước và quốc tế.
Vietnam has experienced rapid growth within its tourism industry during the past decades. This gr... more Vietnam has experienced rapid growth within its tourism industry during the past decades. This growth is part of Vietnam's opening economy allowing a wide range of forms of tourism. Vietnam Tourism: Policies and Practices provides a comprehensive review of tourism development in Vietnam. Part I outlines the history of tourism, the role and involvement of public and private sectors in governance and planning, and the markets for tourism. Part II offers analysis and assessment of various types of tourism in Vietnam, including marine and island, eco, heritage, dark and community-based tourism. Part III centres on current operational issues of tourism, hotels and events. Written by scholars with extensive research experience on tourism in Vietnam this book is a reliable source of reference for students, researchers and industry practitioners who are interested modern tourism specifically in Vietnam and Southeast Asia.
Asian Qualitative Research in Tourism: Ontologies, Epistemologies, Methodologies, and Methods, 2019
Qualitative data collection in remote areas of Asia can be rather challenging, especially when th... more Qualitative data collection in remote areas of Asia can be rather challenging, especially when the researchers come from very different cultural backgrounds to the participants and the research topics centre on sensitive issues such as poverty.
This paper investigates the alignment of business school curriculums with the Sustainable Develop... more This paper investigates the alignment of business school curriculums with the Sustainable Development Goals, utilising a case study of Griffith Business School, Australia. The study utilises an audit of keywords to map content and concepts associated with the goals, targets and indicators of SDGs. The audit results revealed that although there was already considerable uptake of key SDGs concepts throughout the undergraduate programs, in particular Goal 16 (Peace, justice and strong institutions), there were some gaps. Feedback from teaching staff on the results was combined with existing literature and industry/government approaches to offer considerations for future curriculum development that seeks to better integrate SDGs and sustainability. This work contributes to ongoing discussions about sustainability curriculum development and links previous research with the emerging SDG agenda in business schools. The practical nature of this research lends to direct transfer of method to other business schools who are wishing to map and develop their curriculum in relation to the SDGs
Sustainable Tourism Development in Vietnam: A Critical Review , 2021
Vietnam has achieved enormous economic growth after a series of reforms in the 1980’s,
leading to... more Vietnam has achieved enormous economic growth after a series of reforms in the 1980’s, leading to foreign direct investment and the development of the tourism sector. A tourism industry emerged and has burgeoned with the increase of inbound international tourists. In this introductory paper, we critically discuss the three pillars of sustainable development – economic, environment and social elements and how they are addressed in Vietnam tourism research. As well as introducing the special issue papers, primarily written by local scholars, we suggest future research directions. In this special issue, the papers offer Vietnamese scholars’ voices, their interpretations, methodological approaches, and conceptualisations, as they explore sustainable tourism practices and development in Vietnam. These papers provide meaningful insights for future tourism development and research directions.
this chapter seeks to address the gap in both the literature and practice and to contribute to th... more this chapter seeks to address the gap in both the literature and practice and to contribute to the future development of CBT in Vietnam. The chapter first provides background information on the evolution of CBT in Vietnam before exploring critical areas of the CBT literature. Next, the qualitative approaches utilized for the study, on which the findings and discussions are drawn upon, are presented. The findings are further discussed within the context of three CBT case studies in Vietnam. Finally, recommendations are suggested for the future sustainable development of CBT in Vietnam. Community-based tourism (CBT) is a form of alternative tourism that seeks to engage the host community throughout the planning, development and management of tourism. Built around the principles of social equity and cultural and environmental protection, CBT is seen as having great potential to contribute to local communities’ sustainable development (Scheyvens, 2012). In Vietnam, CBT emerged as early as the 1990s and continued to expand rapidly since 2000 as part of the national and global poverty alleviation strategies (Phi and Whitford, 2017). As of 2020, there exist hundreds of CBT sites throughout the three regions of Vietnam (Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, 2020). Despite this rapid growth, many Vietnamese CBT projects still face a wide range of challenges to achieving shortand long-term sustainability. Concurrently, some CBT projects have reported initial success, and opportunities exist in the broader environment to replicate these successes elsewhere.
Handbook of Research on the Role of Tourism in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals , 2021
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight the alleviation of multi-dimensional poverty i... more The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight the alleviation of multi-dimensional poverty in the global development agenda. Yet, for nearly two decades, the link between tourism and poverty alleviation has mainly been framed around the pro-poor tourism (PPT) approach, which aims to increase ‘net'tourism benefits to the economically poor population. While the narrow focus on income-based poverty in PPT has received much criticism, alternative frameworks for research and practice that are capable of lifting the tourism-poverty link beyond the orthodox economic-centred approach have not received sufficient attention. In response, this chapter presents a conceptual framework amalgamates poverty alleviation and development-tourism genera, and the three key underpinning theoretical concepts of global citizenship, sustainable livelihoods, and social entrepreneurship. This framework facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of the development-tourism-poverty alleviation nexus, and offers new pathways to enhance tourism's contribution to Goal 1 of the SDGs.
Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2021
Tourism Social Entrepreneurship is a market-based strategy for sustainable tourism development. I... more Tourism Social Entrepreneurship is a market-based strategy for sustainable tourism development. It solves complex social issues to benefit disadvantaged stakeholders, while seeking to achieve financial sustainability and boost the benefits of tourism. Currently, there is little insight into how social entrepreneurs create these innovative social solutions. This black box hinders the understanding and replication of tourism social entrepreneurial success in different contexts, thus preventing the social benefits of tourism from increasing. We suggest that the literature on TSE can be informed by design thinking-a human centered framework for social innovation. Taking a social enterprise in Vietnam as a case study of Community-Based Tourism Travel, this paper reveals that tourism social entrepreneurs have developed an intuitive ability to apply design thinking to social innovation, despite lacking training. The paper thus sheds light on the social innovative abilities, and contributes to fostering successful social entrepreneurship in a tourism context.
While tourism scholars have sought to problematize the unevenly distributed impacts of the COVID-... more While tourism scholars have sought to problematize the unevenly distributed impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, we know much less about how resilience is cultivated among tourism practitioners and communities whose lives and livelihoods are have been placed in limbo. Drawing on literature at the intersection of critical tourism studies and resilience theory as well as interviews with local tourism practitioners and academics, four historically situated and place-based trends in Southeast Asia that are reshaping tourism in the region are outlined: livelihood diversification, ecosystem regeneration, cultural revitalization, and domestic tourism development. These trends highlight how the political economy of tourism in the region has both challenged and facilitated opportunities for reshaping the industry in (post-) pandemic times. These interconnected trends should not be understood in silo but rather as historically rooted and place-based experiences. The examples of resilience among Southeast Asian residents presented in the article demonstrate that local individuals and communities are active agents in resilience. While the concept of resilience has been applied widely by scholars from multiple disciplines during the COVID-19 pandemic, a critical tourism studies approach to resilience theory accounts for the historically situated nuances of local scale dynamics and their relationship to macro-level processes. Rather than simply focusing on the pandemic’s sudden transformative effects, practices of resilience in Southeast Asia reflect ongoing political-economic and cultural shifts that have often been underway in the region for several decades. The conclusion identifies several policy implications and future directions for tourism research in (post-) pandemic times.
Educating sustainability through hackathons in the hospitality industry: a case study of Scandic hotels, 2021
Education for sustainability (EfS) in the hospitality sector is increasingly recognised as one of... more Education for sustainability (EfS) in the hospitality sector is increasingly recognised as one of the driving forces for sustainable development. One way of fostering sustainability in the hospitality industry is through sustainability hackathons, which are intensive events focusing on "hacking" new sustainability ideas. This paper critically explores how the hospitality industry designs and executes sustainability hackathons within the context of EfS. An exploratory case study was conducted on the Scandic Hotels chain. Data utilised including both relevant reports and in-depth interviews with the highest level of management of Scandic. The execution of the sustainability hackathon illuminates how value-based education, creative problem-solving and co-opetition were critical aspects to foster EfS in the hospitality industry. Moreover, the hackathon facilitators, i.e. the hotels' General Managers, were found to play an essential part in shaping the sustainability education and the event's potential impacts. This paper contributes to expand knowledge on EfS offered by the hospitality industry (as opposed to EfS in formal educational institutions) and make practical recommendations on how sustainability hackathons could be better facilitated by hotel chains.
For some time, tourism researchers have sought to examine and theorise types of collaborative exc... more For some time, tourism researchers have sought to examine and theorise types of collaborative exchange and the characteristics of relational work in tourism. Different ontological and epistemological framings, and associated language games have contributed to a fragmented body of knowledge. In this paper, we argue that the new term ‘co-creation’ is part of this language game, and efforts to date have not linked co-creation to the broader and deeper currents of theory building that have come before. We thus place co-creation within its wider context by, firstly, building a meta-narrative review of the literature that draws together a number of disparate disciplinary-inspired lines of thinking, and secondly, by identifying and extending key concepts of co-creation and its logics to tourism. We trace seven threads of scholarship that demonstrate the ideas and values associated with co-creation have diverse historical roots. Using a meta-narrative approach, we unpack the characteristics of co-creation from different disciplinary lenses, directing attention to issues beyond service-dominant logic approaches towards wider issues of participation, inclusion, power, responsibility, and value. In the process, we contribute to a new and fresh appreciation of value co-creation in tourism literature, along with a nine-point agenda that suggest directions for future research and practice.
To better comprehend how the news media frames modern overtourism, content analysis was conducted... more To better comprehend how the news media frames modern overtourism, content analysis was conducted on 202 news articles. Results suggest that root causes of overtourism are largely overlooked and the focus is on reporting tourist numbers and impacts on local. The growth agenda continues to be promoted in the backdrop of overtourism news, while responsibilities to mitigate negative impacts are attributed to cities, communities and tourists. There is a need to explore responsibilities of diverse tourism actors in addressing overtourism, along with discussions on alternatives to the pro-growth paradigm and the industrial work-home-travel model that fuel modern mass tourism.
Authors: JR Edelheim, K Thomas, KG Åberg, G Phi
Conferences are funny events. They are self-evid... more Authors: JR Edelheim, K Thomas, KG Åberg, G Phi
Conferences are funny events. They are self-evident elements of our lives as academics: meetings that occur, often annually; take place in various locations; and involve (hopefully) like-minded people, aiming to share their latest research findings. Conferences are actually so self-evident that very little research exists analysing what takes place at conferences, why people attend them in the first place, and essentially what the conference does to delegates as participants. This article is, on one hand, a reflective report from an academic conference: TEFI 9—Celebrating the Disruptive Power of Caring in Tourism Education. But it is also simultaneously an analysis of the implicit and explicit rationale and return on investment for attending academic conferences, in the words of three, at that time, PhD candidate rapporteurs and one professor rapporteur, who acts as this article’s narrator.
Increasing interest in poverty alleviation at the beginning of twenty-first century has facilitat... more Increasing interest in poverty alleviation at the beginning of twenty-first century has facilitated the rapid growth of various anti-poverty tourism interventions (ATIs) around the globe. The tourism–poverty alleviation link, however, is still not well established, partly due to a paucity of appropriate evaluation approaches that are capable of simultaneously providing researchers, practitioners and policy-makers with a deeper understanding of an ATI’s mechanisms, the complexity surrounding its operational processes and evidence of its impacts. Additionally, ATI stakeholders’ values and influences play a significant role in ATI evaluation yet their perspectives are often overlooked. Theory of Change (ToC) has the potential to generate a holistic picture of an ATI, as this innovative approach has been developed to connect stakeholders’ theories of context with the mechanisms and outcomes of an intervention. Utilizing a case study of microfinance tourism in Vietnam, this paper provides readers with insight into ToC and proposes a conceptual framework which guides the application of ToC to facilitate the effective evaluation of ATIs.
Ethical tourism initiatives have increasingly been framed as tools to educate tourists about glob... more Ethical tourism initiatives have increasingly been framed as tools to educate tourists about global citizenship (GC), yet it is unclear how these initiatives are conceptualised, planned and implemented by tourism providers. This paper focuses on a form of ethical tourism known as microfinance tourism (MFT). It critically explores MFT providers’ perspectives on what constitutes the goals of educating tourists about GC and how MFT can be designed and implemented to achieve these goals. The study adopted a qualitative approach utilising in-depth interviews with 12 key informants from 6 MFT organisations in Tanzania, Mexico, Jordan and Vietnam. The results reveal that MFT providers rely on an experiential learning process to educate tourists. However, as part of this learning process, MFT initiatives are located on a continuum, constituting those initiatives designed to increase tourists’ compassion and philanthropic actions (i.e. ‘thin’ GC) through to those initiatives seeking to build solidarity and global discussions between tourists in order to challenge the structures that perpetuate global injustice (i.e. ‘thick’ GC). These results highlight the diversity of tourism providers’ perspectives pertaining to GC, the effect diversity has on the design of tourism initiatives and the resultant outcomes of GC education utilising ethical tourism.
Governments are increasingly involved in public–private partnerships to attract, support, and/or ... more Governments are increasingly involved in public–private partnerships to attract, support, and/or stage events. This involvement often leads to governments becoming embroiled in highly politicized battles that focus on issues including community benefit, mitigation of impacts, transparency in decision making, and lack of consultation before, during, and after the event. To date, minimal attention has been paid to the public–private governance arrangements underpinning events. This article seeks to address this gap by presenting a set of indicators that can be operationalized to improve event governance. The article proposes an indicators framework for event governance designed to reflect the event policy-making process. It contributes to the literature by facilitating greater understanding of the significance and influence of event governance indicators. Future application of the framework in research and practice will provide governments with a new management tool, which will enhance democratic decision making and facilitate competitive advantage in a globalized marketplace.
There is a need to better understand the interests of actors in the planning and management of ma... more There is a need to better understand the interests of actors in the planning and management of major events. The diversity of actor perspectives about an event creates a wicked problem set that event organisers and public officials find difficult to understand, let alone address. This paper focuses on problem identification as one stage in the event planning and management process. It explores how problem structuring can contribute to more effective planning and management of actors' interests. The value of Q methodology is explored through a case study of the Australian World Rally Championship. Four perspectives are identified in the problem structuring process: the Skeptics, the Materialists, the Middle-grounders and the Supporters. The findings demonstrate that Q methodology is effective in identifying the depth and breadth of different problem perspectives, providing insights into the importance of different perspectives, and can be used reflexively to anticipate and manage potential conflict.
Rapid change and increased diversity in the policymaking environment over the last few decades ha... more Rapid change and increased diversity in the policymaking environment over the last few decades have confronted policymakers with new challenges, including dealing with and overcoming wicked problems (i.e., issues highly resistant to resolution). Wicked problems always involve multiple actors with diverse goals and finding optimal solutions that satisfy all policy actors are often impossible to find. Three methods in particular have been used to address wicked problems. Overall however, these methods have not proved as effective as Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs) which were designed specifically to assist diverse groups address a problematic situation of common interest, characterized by high levels of complexity, uncertainty and conflict. The event policymaking environment is not impervious to wicked problems as events do not operate in isolation but are tightly linked to the community in which they occur. Indeed there is a diverse array of policy actors within the event policymaking environment which often results in a lack of consensus in goals and problem definition. Not surprisingly then, policy actors are increasingly seeing the emergence of wicked problems in the policymaking process of events, yet little attention has been paid to addressing such policy issues. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap in the research and to provide readers with an insight into PSMs by discussing the potential application of PSMs to the 2009 Australian Repco Rally. This international racing car event which was held in the Northern Rivers region of NSW, Australia, clearly demonstrated a wicked problem involving multiple actors from various institutional backgrounds with divergent perspectives and goals. Complex problems emerged during the policymaking process of the event and this culminated in a high degree of uncertainty, controversy and conflict during the event policy making process. The broad aim of this paper then, is to enhance understanding of PSM's by demonstrating that when the method is utilised in a collaborative environment, it can provide an approach that will assist event policymakers in dealing effectively with a wicked problem.
Preview sách
ISBN978-604-43-2631-3
Quản lý Điểm đến Du lịch Việt Nam: Phát triển Bền vững và Lợi ... more Preview sách ISBN978-604-43-2631-3 Quản lý Điểm đến Du lịch Việt Nam: Phát triển Bền vững và Lợi thế Cạnh tranh 🌿
Cuốn sách là tâm huyết của bốn chuyên gia du lịch, cung cấp những phương pháp quản lý điểm đến hiệu quả, giải pháp phát triển bền vững và chiến lược nâng cao lợi thế cạnh tranh. Sách gồm 10 chương. Nội dung sách kết hợp giữa lý thuyết và thực tiễn, với các ví dụ điển hình trong nước và quốc tế.
Vietnam has experienced rapid growth within its tourism industry during the past decades. This gr... more Vietnam has experienced rapid growth within its tourism industry during the past decades. This growth is part of Vietnam's opening economy allowing a wide range of forms of tourism. Vietnam Tourism: Policies and Practices provides a comprehensive review of tourism development in Vietnam. Part I outlines the history of tourism, the role and involvement of public and private sectors in governance and planning, and the markets for tourism. Part II offers analysis and assessment of various types of tourism in Vietnam, including marine and island, eco, heritage, dark and community-based tourism. Part III centres on current operational issues of tourism, hotels and events. Written by scholars with extensive research experience on tourism in Vietnam this book is a reliable source of reference for students, researchers and industry practitioners who are interested modern tourism specifically in Vietnam and Southeast Asia.
Asian Qualitative Research in Tourism: Ontologies, Epistemologies, Methodologies, and Methods, 2019
Qualitative data collection in remote areas of Asia can be rather challenging, especially when th... more Qualitative data collection in remote areas of Asia can be rather challenging, especially when the researchers come from very different cultural backgrounds to the participants and the research topics centre on sensitive issues such as poverty.
For decades, both microfinance and tourism have been promoted as key strategies for global povert... more For decades, both microfinance and tourism have been promoted as key strategies for global poverty alleviation. Microfinance can offer people living in poverty, especially those considered ‘unbankable’, the necessary financial and educational support to engage in entrepreneurial activities, while tourism has the capacity to reduce poverty via economic development and global citizenship education. Microfinance tourism (MFT) emerged in 2008 as an innovative approach that pioneers the integration of microfinance and tourism for poverty alleviation purposes. This report provides a summary of research findings from interviews with participants who have had involvement with 6 MFT organisations in Vietnam, Mexico, Tanzania and Jordan. The report is part of a larger PhD research project which analyses and evaluates the extent to which MFT is an effective vehicle for poverty alleviation in developing countries
For decades, both microfinance and tourism have been promoted as key strategies for global povert... more For decades, both microfinance and tourism have been promoted as key strategies for global poverty alleviation. Microfinance can offer people living in poverty, especially those considered ‘unbankable’, the necessary financial and educational support to engage in entrepreneurial activities, while tourism has the capacity to reduce poverty via economic development and global citizenship education. Microfinance tourism (MFT) emerged in 2008 as an innovative approach that pioneers the integration of microfinance and tourism for poverty alleviation purposes.
This report provides a summary of research findings from interviews with diverse stakeholders of MFT in Vietnam. The report is part of a larger PhD research project which analyses and evaluates the extent to which MFT is an effective vehicle for poverty alleviation in developing countries
Despite its rapid growth, tourism has shown only modest success in addressing the issues of poverty and hunger in Asia and the Pacific. Community-based tourism (CBT) is a type of social enterprise that fosters cross-sectoral partnerships between government, business and the community. This chapter discusses the development of 15 sustainable CBT projects in Viet Nam, thus contributing to improvement in the lives of many communities living in poverty-stricken areas.
Tourism is often employed as a vehicle for facilitating social-economic development, however its ... more Tourism is often employed as a vehicle for facilitating social-economic development, however its usefulness has been somewhat limited in relation to addressing social issues, and in particular, those issues relating to poverty. This is partly due to the lack of cross-sectoral interactions and knowledge exchange between private, public and third sectors that are needed to create effective and appropriate initiatives to leverage tourism for social benefits. Such traditional sectoral boundaries can be broken down through social entrepreneurship approaches which concomitantly, facilitate the creation and synergizing of social innovation that addresses persistent social issues. Yet to date, the utility of cross-sectoral knowledge dynamics still remains largely under-researched in both the social entrepreneurship and tourism literature. This chapter introduces readers to the concept of knowledge dynamics and discusses knowledge dynamics in the tourism and social entrepreneurship nexus via a case study of community-based tourism in Mai Hich, Vietnam. We argue that by gaining an enhanced understanding of cross-sectoral knowledge dynamics, we can strengthen the overall praxis of tourism and social entrepreneurship, and in particular, assist policymakers in fostering conditions that generate increased innovation.
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Papers by Giang Phi
leading to foreign direct investment and the development of the tourism sector. A tourism
industry emerged and has burgeoned with the increase of inbound international tourists. In
this introductory paper, we critically discuss the three pillars of sustainable development –
economic, environment and social elements and how they are addressed in Vietnam tourism
research. As well as introducing the special issue papers, primarily written by local scholars,
we suggest future research directions. In this special issue, the papers offer Vietnamese
scholars’ voices, their interpretations, methodological approaches, and conceptualisations, as
they explore sustainable tourism practices and development in Vietnam. These papers
provide meaningful insights for future tourism development and research directions.
Community-based tourism (CBT) is a form of alternative tourism that seeks to engage the host community throughout the planning, development and management of tourism. Built around the principles of social equity and cultural and environmental protection, CBT is seen as having great potential to contribute to local communities’ sustainable development (Scheyvens, 2012). In Vietnam, CBT emerged as early as the 1990s and continued to expand rapidly since 2000 as part of the national and global poverty alleviation strategies (Phi and Whitford, 2017). As of 2020, there exist hundreds of CBT sites throughout the three regions of Vietnam (Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, 2020). Despite this rapid growth, many Vietnamese CBT projects still face a wide range of challenges to achieving shortand long-term sustainability. Concurrently, some CBT projects have reported initial success, and opportunities exist in the broader environment to replicate these successes elsewhere.
Conferences are funny events. They are self-evident elements of our lives as academics: meetings that occur, often annually; take place in various locations; and involve (hopefully) like-minded people, aiming to share their latest research findings. Conferences are actually so self-evident that very little research exists analysing what takes place at conferences, why people attend them in the first place, and essentially what the conference does to delegates as participants. This article is, on one hand, a reflective report from an academic conference: TEFI 9—Celebrating the Disruptive Power of Caring in Tourism Education. But it is also simultaneously an analysis of the implicit and explicit rationale and return on investment for attending academic conferences, in the words of three, at that time, PhD candidate rapporteurs and one professor rapporteur, who acts as this article’s narrator.
Books by Giang Phi
ISBN978-604-43-2631-3
Quản lý Điểm đến Du lịch Việt Nam: Phát triển Bền vững và Lợi thế Cạnh tranh 🌿
Cuốn sách là tâm huyết của bốn chuyên gia du lịch, cung cấp những phương pháp quản lý điểm đến hiệu quả, giải pháp phát triển bền vững và chiến lược nâng cao lợi thế cạnh tranh. Sách gồm 10 chương. Nội dung sách kết hợp giữa lý thuyết và thực tiễn, với các ví dụ điển hình trong nước và quốc tế.
leading to foreign direct investment and the development of the tourism sector. A tourism
industry emerged and has burgeoned with the increase of inbound international tourists. In
this introductory paper, we critically discuss the three pillars of sustainable development –
economic, environment and social elements and how they are addressed in Vietnam tourism
research. As well as introducing the special issue papers, primarily written by local scholars,
we suggest future research directions. In this special issue, the papers offer Vietnamese
scholars’ voices, their interpretations, methodological approaches, and conceptualisations, as
they explore sustainable tourism practices and development in Vietnam. These papers
provide meaningful insights for future tourism development and research directions.
Community-based tourism (CBT) is a form of alternative tourism that seeks to engage the host community throughout the planning, development and management of tourism. Built around the principles of social equity and cultural and environmental protection, CBT is seen as having great potential to contribute to local communities’ sustainable development (Scheyvens, 2012). In Vietnam, CBT emerged as early as the 1990s and continued to expand rapidly since 2000 as part of the national and global poverty alleviation strategies (Phi and Whitford, 2017). As of 2020, there exist hundreds of CBT sites throughout the three regions of Vietnam (Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, 2020). Despite this rapid growth, many Vietnamese CBT projects still face a wide range of challenges to achieving shortand long-term sustainability. Concurrently, some CBT projects have reported initial success, and opportunities exist in the broader environment to replicate these successes elsewhere.
Conferences are funny events. They are self-evident elements of our lives as academics: meetings that occur, often annually; take place in various locations; and involve (hopefully) like-minded people, aiming to share their latest research findings. Conferences are actually so self-evident that very little research exists analysing what takes place at conferences, why people attend them in the first place, and essentially what the conference does to delegates as participants. This article is, on one hand, a reflective report from an academic conference: TEFI 9—Celebrating the Disruptive Power of Caring in Tourism Education. But it is also simultaneously an analysis of the implicit and explicit rationale and return on investment for attending academic conferences, in the words of three, at that time, PhD candidate rapporteurs and one professor rapporteur, who acts as this article’s narrator.
ISBN978-604-43-2631-3
Quản lý Điểm đến Du lịch Việt Nam: Phát triển Bền vững và Lợi thế Cạnh tranh 🌿
Cuốn sách là tâm huyết của bốn chuyên gia du lịch, cung cấp những phương pháp quản lý điểm đến hiệu quả, giải pháp phát triển bền vững và chiến lược nâng cao lợi thế cạnh tranh. Sách gồm 10 chương. Nội dung sách kết hợp giữa lý thuyết và thực tiễn, với các ví dụ điển hình trong nước và quốc tế.
This report provides a summary of research findings from interviews with diverse stakeholders of MFT in Vietnam. The report is part of a larger PhD research project which analyses and evaluates the extent to which MFT is an effective vehicle for poverty alleviation in developing countries
Asia and the Pacific - Copyright © 2017, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and Griffith University
Despite its rapid growth, tourism has shown only modest success in addressing the issues of poverty and hunger in Asia and the Pacific. Community-based tourism (CBT) is a type of social enterprise that fosters cross-sectoral partnerships between government, business and the community. This chapter discusses the development of 15 sustainable CBT projects in Viet Nam, thus contributing to improvement in the lives of many communities living in poverty-stricken areas.