Little research has explicitly considered the influence of retailer-provided sustainability discl... more Little research has explicitly considered the influence of retailer-provided sustainability disclosure at points of purchase for brands within specific product categories. Thus, this paper examines the conditions wherein sustainability labels with scale ratings assist consumers in determining the sustainability performance of products. Study 1 findings demonstrate that, when concerned with social desirability, consumers' product evaluations are greater for products with high (vs. low) sustainability levels. When not concerned with social desirability, this pattern exists so long as the levels are consistent with category-based expectations. Extending these findings, Study 2 results show that evaluations and purchase-related outcomes are greater for products with high levels within (vs. outside) expectations for low-efficacy consumers not concerned with social desirability. Yet, these effects are mitigated for low-efficacy consumers concerned with social desirability. Further, Study 3 suggests that the effect is attenuated for low-efficacy consumers at low levels and for high-efficacy consumers irrespective of sustainability level.
The environmental conscientiousness food trend is only expected to increase as consumers demand m... more The environmental conscientiousness food trend is only expected to increase as consumers demand more information on the environmental and social impacts of their food purchases. Drawing from consumers' lay theories and the match-up hypothesis, this study examines the influence of the interaction between healthiness and sustainability levels on consumer product evaluations. In particular, it argues that the fit between healthiness and sustainability (both high or both low) drives consumer buying preferences as well as product perceptions. However, a general skepticism in sustainability claims moderates this effect.
A B S T R A C T The environmental conscientiousness food trend is only expected to increase as co... more A B S T R A C T The environmental conscientiousness food trend is only expected to increase as consumers demand more information on the environmental and social impacts of their food purchases. Drawing from consumers' lay theories and the match-up hypothesis, this study examines the influence of the interaction between healthiness and sustainability levels on consumer product evaluations. In particular, it argues that the fit between healthiness and sustainability (both high or both low) drives consumer buying preferences as well as product perceptions. However, a general skepticism in sustainability claims moderates this effect.
In today's retail marketplace, consumers receive little or no consistent brand-level sustainabili... more In today's retail marketplace, consumers receive little or no consistent brand-level sustainability information, but this may change in the near future. Developing hypotheses based on the comparative brand processing and information disclosure literatures, we conduct a retail laboratory choice-based experiment to test predictions related to the effects of brand-level sustainability information on choices, product evaluations, and retailer perceptions. Compared to the status quo condition in which no sustainability information is provided for the product category at the retail point of purchase, the addition of positive (negative) sustainability information for the brand yields higher (lower) product evaluations and increased (decreased) brand choice. In addition, due to greenwashing concerns, many consumers may be skeptical of product-level sustainability information, and we address the moderating role of this skepticism on retailer-related perceptions.
The role of employee's emotions are examined as influencers of job satisfaction, affective organi... more The role of employee's emotions are examined as influencers of job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and turnover intentions within a frontline employee context. Using a sample of 126 retail employees, structural equation modeling is used to test the theoretically developed model. Findings suggest that deep acting emotions and emotional exhaustion significantly impact job satisfaction, whereas both deep acting emotions and job satisfaction predict affective organizational commitment. When predicting turnover intentions, surface and deep acting emotions, along with emotional exhaustion, each significantly impact turnover intentions; however, neither job satisfaction nor affective organizational commitment are significant predictors.
An analysis of consumers' Weblogs and two experiments address:(1... more An analysis of consumers' Weblogs and two experiments address:(1) the differences in evaluations of menu items when consumers are versus are not provided with meal calorie information, and (2) their perception of calorie levels of different types of meals. Consumers provided their calorie estimates for specific meals offered by four different fast food restaurants, and an experiment assessed effects on consumer evaluations for calorie disclosures for actual items from two of these restaurants. Results show the complex ...
In recent years, there has been considerable attention surrounding the topic of front-of-package ... more In recent years, there has been considerable attention surrounding the topic of front-of-package (FOP) nutrition information disclosures. FOP nutrition disclosures are typically used to provide nutrient information that may help consumers more easily determine if a particular food is a healthy option. The current research compares four different types of FOP formats to assess consumer response. Results from two studies suggest that all FOP disclosure formats tested produce significantly more positive consumer responses than packages without any FOP nutrition information at all. Study 1 finds that levels of consumer nutrition knowledge moderate the FOP-ease of use relationship, while Study 2 reveals that an educational prime also moderates this same relationship. Additional exploratory thought analysis indicates that packages with FOP disclosures generally produce more nutritionrelated thoughts than packages without any FOP nutrition information. Our results offer implications for both industry and government regulation, and generate several fruitful areas for future research.
The sustainability labeling on the front of a package featured in a print advertisement may influ... more The sustainability labeling on the front of a package featured in a print advertisement may influence consumers' product evaluations and purchase decisions. The findings of this exploratory study suggest that consumers seem to evaluate the sustainability claim more favorably if the advertisement highlights the personal impact on them. Moreover, environmental involvement appears to further moderate the effects of sustainability claims and environmental impact framing. The interactions that emerged in this study suggest that sustainability labeling effects constitute a complex phenomenon that warrants future research.
It is essential for organizations to understand and manage salespeople's emotions. By monitoring ... more It is essential for organizations to understand and manage salespeople's emotions. By monitoring the effects of emotions on the job, management can promote and enhance its sales force. However, the literature on salespersons' emotions has been largely overlooked. This paper establishes an integrative emotional labor process model to better understand the emotional component of the sales force in a retail context. Specifically, the paper examines the impact of emotional labor and emotional exhaustion in relation to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Findings suggest that emotional labor predicts both job satisfaction and organizational commitment, while emotional exhaustion only predicts job satisfaction.
(1) the differences in evaluations of menu items when consumers are versus are not provided with ... more (1) the differences in evaluations of menu items when consumers are versus are not provided with meal calorie information, and (2) their perception of calorie levels of different types of meals. Consumers provided their calorie estimates for specific meals offered by four different fast food restaurants, and an experiment assessed effects on consumer evaluations for calorie disclosures for actual items from two of these restaurants. Results show the complex relationship between consumer perceptions regarding the restaurants, the meals and the food items that can influence consumers' calorie estimates and evaluations of meals in restaurants.
Smoking endangers a person's health and exposes others to secondhand smoke. Because of the negati... more Smoking endangers a person's health and exposes others to secondhand smoke. Because of the negative aspects of smoking, the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) has recommended that college campuses should be smoke-free. To assess the effectiveness of a smoking policy on campus, smoking and non-smoking students at a large university in the Midwest were interviewed. Their responses showed that the existing smoking policy was weak and often ignored. Students suggested that the university should do a better job of implementing the policy and also provide help for those who want to quit smoking.
Because of the negative aspects of smoking, the US National Center on Addiction and Substance Abu... more Because of the negative aspects of smoking, the US National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse has recommended that university campuses should be smoke free. The purpose of this research was to learn students' opinions about the effectiveness of a smoking policy on campus. The policy simply stated there should be no smoking within 30 feet of a building. However, no areas were designated as smoking areas. Using phenomenological inquiry, the authors observed and interviewed both smoking and non-smoking students. Findings suggest that the existing smoking policy was weak and often ignored. Students felt the purpose of the smoking policy should be clearly stated because they were not sure if the policy was intended to make smokers quit or prevent them from smoking in front of doors. This study demonstrates the utility of careful observation as a prelude to the design and implementation of qualitative data collection methods. The results indicate observation is a valuable part of a qualitative research strategy.
Little research has explicitly considered the influence of retailer-provided sustainability discl... more Little research has explicitly considered the influence of retailer-provided sustainability disclosure at points of purchase for brands within specific product categories. Thus, this paper examines the conditions wherein sustainability labels with scale ratings assist consumers in determining the sustainability performance of products. Study 1 findings demonstrate that, when concerned with social desirability, consumers' product evaluations are greater for products with high (vs. low) sustainability levels. When not concerned with social desirability, this pattern exists so long as the levels are consistent with category-based expectations. Extending these findings, Study 2 results show that evaluations and purchase-related outcomes are greater for products with high levels within (vs. outside) expectations for low-efficacy consumers not concerned with social desirability. Yet, these effects are mitigated for low-efficacy consumers concerned with social desirability. Further, Study 3 suggests that the effect is attenuated for low-efficacy consumers at low levels and for high-efficacy consumers irrespective of sustainability level.
The environmental conscientiousness food trend is only expected to increase as consumers demand m... more The environmental conscientiousness food trend is only expected to increase as consumers demand more information on the environmental and social impacts of their food purchases. Drawing from consumers' lay theories and the match-up hypothesis, this study examines the influence of the interaction between healthiness and sustainability levels on consumer product evaluations. In particular, it argues that the fit between healthiness and sustainability (both high or both low) drives consumer buying preferences as well as product perceptions. However, a general skepticism in sustainability claims moderates this effect.
A B S T R A C T The environmental conscientiousness food trend is only expected to increase as co... more A B S T R A C T The environmental conscientiousness food trend is only expected to increase as consumers demand more information on the environmental and social impacts of their food purchases. Drawing from consumers' lay theories and the match-up hypothesis, this study examines the influence of the interaction between healthiness and sustainability levels on consumer product evaluations. In particular, it argues that the fit between healthiness and sustainability (both high or both low) drives consumer buying preferences as well as product perceptions. However, a general skepticism in sustainability claims moderates this effect.
In today's retail marketplace, consumers receive little or no consistent brand-level sustainabili... more In today's retail marketplace, consumers receive little or no consistent brand-level sustainability information, but this may change in the near future. Developing hypotheses based on the comparative brand processing and information disclosure literatures, we conduct a retail laboratory choice-based experiment to test predictions related to the effects of brand-level sustainability information on choices, product evaluations, and retailer perceptions. Compared to the status quo condition in which no sustainability information is provided for the product category at the retail point of purchase, the addition of positive (negative) sustainability information for the brand yields higher (lower) product evaluations and increased (decreased) brand choice. In addition, due to greenwashing concerns, many consumers may be skeptical of product-level sustainability information, and we address the moderating role of this skepticism on retailer-related perceptions.
The role of employee's emotions are examined as influencers of job satisfaction, affective organi... more The role of employee's emotions are examined as influencers of job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and turnover intentions within a frontline employee context. Using a sample of 126 retail employees, structural equation modeling is used to test the theoretically developed model. Findings suggest that deep acting emotions and emotional exhaustion significantly impact job satisfaction, whereas both deep acting emotions and job satisfaction predict affective organizational commitment. When predicting turnover intentions, surface and deep acting emotions, along with emotional exhaustion, each significantly impact turnover intentions; however, neither job satisfaction nor affective organizational commitment are significant predictors.
An analysis of consumers' Weblogs and two experiments address:(1... more An analysis of consumers' Weblogs and two experiments address:(1) the differences in evaluations of menu items when consumers are versus are not provided with meal calorie information, and (2) their perception of calorie levels of different types of meals. Consumers provided their calorie estimates for specific meals offered by four different fast food restaurants, and an experiment assessed effects on consumer evaluations for calorie disclosures for actual items from two of these restaurants. Results show the complex ...
In recent years, there has been considerable attention surrounding the topic of front-of-package ... more In recent years, there has been considerable attention surrounding the topic of front-of-package (FOP) nutrition information disclosures. FOP nutrition disclosures are typically used to provide nutrient information that may help consumers more easily determine if a particular food is a healthy option. The current research compares four different types of FOP formats to assess consumer response. Results from two studies suggest that all FOP disclosure formats tested produce significantly more positive consumer responses than packages without any FOP nutrition information at all. Study 1 finds that levels of consumer nutrition knowledge moderate the FOP-ease of use relationship, while Study 2 reveals that an educational prime also moderates this same relationship. Additional exploratory thought analysis indicates that packages with FOP disclosures generally produce more nutritionrelated thoughts than packages without any FOP nutrition information. Our results offer implications for both industry and government regulation, and generate several fruitful areas for future research.
The sustainability labeling on the front of a package featured in a print advertisement may influ... more The sustainability labeling on the front of a package featured in a print advertisement may influence consumers' product evaluations and purchase decisions. The findings of this exploratory study suggest that consumers seem to evaluate the sustainability claim more favorably if the advertisement highlights the personal impact on them. Moreover, environmental involvement appears to further moderate the effects of sustainability claims and environmental impact framing. The interactions that emerged in this study suggest that sustainability labeling effects constitute a complex phenomenon that warrants future research.
It is essential for organizations to understand and manage salespeople's emotions. By monitoring ... more It is essential for organizations to understand and manage salespeople's emotions. By monitoring the effects of emotions on the job, management can promote and enhance its sales force. However, the literature on salespersons' emotions has been largely overlooked. This paper establishes an integrative emotional labor process model to better understand the emotional component of the sales force in a retail context. Specifically, the paper examines the impact of emotional labor and emotional exhaustion in relation to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Findings suggest that emotional labor predicts both job satisfaction and organizational commitment, while emotional exhaustion only predicts job satisfaction.
(1) the differences in evaluations of menu items when consumers are versus are not provided with ... more (1) the differences in evaluations of menu items when consumers are versus are not provided with meal calorie information, and (2) their perception of calorie levels of different types of meals. Consumers provided their calorie estimates for specific meals offered by four different fast food restaurants, and an experiment assessed effects on consumer evaluations for calorie disclosures for actual items from two of these restaurants. Results show the complex relationship between consumer perceptions regarding the restaurants, the meals and the food items that can influence consumers' calorie estimates and evaluations of meals in restaurants.
Smoking endangers a person's health and exposes others to secondhand smoke. Because of the negati... more Smoking endangers a person's health and exposes others to secondhand smoke. Because of the negative aspects of smoking, the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) has recommended that college campuses should be smoke-free. To assess the effectiveness of a smoking policy on campus, smoking and non-smoking students at a large university in the Midwest were interviewed. Their responses showed that the existing smoking policy was weak and often ignored. Students suggested that the university should do a better job of implementing the policy and also provide help for those who want to quit smoking.
Because of the negative aspects of smoking, the US National Center on Addiction and Substance Abu... more Because of the negative aspects of smoking, the US National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse has recommended that university campuses should be smoke free. The purpose of this research was to learn students' opinions about the effectiveness of a smoking policy on campus. The policy simply stated there should be no smoking within 30 feet of a building. However, no areas were designated as smoking areas. Using phenomenological inquiry, the authors observed and interviewed both smoking and non-smoking students. Findings suggest that the existing smoking policy was weak and often ignored. Students felt the purpose of the smoking policy should be clearly stated because they were not sure if the policy was intended to make smokers quit or prevent them from smoking in front of doors. This study demonstrates the utility of careful observation as a prelude to the design and implementation of qualitative data collection methods. The results indicate observation is a valuable part of a qualitative research strategy.
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Papers by Yoon-Na Cho