INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, 2021
Violence and Trauma, a deeply distressing experience is among the age-long themes of literature. ... more Violence and Trauma, a deeply distressing experience is among the age-long themes of literature. Violence is a type of injury arising from some unintended actions, events and incidents. It has been categorized into many categories according to the nature of violence. Likewise, Trauma is an experience arising from a deeply distressing or disturbing event or events. The incidents baffle individual's ability to cope in life causing feelings of helplessness. Such incidents destroy people's sense of self and their ability to live a healthy and peaceful life. Violence and Trauma can be caused by both natural and man-made event. Whatever may its cause may be, internal human psyche ventures through plenty of conflicting emotions. There were very few writers who wrote about these evils issues of society. Only very few writers have showed their courage to talk about these transforming their private issue into public. In my study, I will deal with the budding contemporary twenty first century Dalit Tamil writer Meena Kandasamy's "When I Hit You". The study will focus on various aspects of the female protagonist's painstaking traumatized life from her birth to the establishment of herself as a feminist writer.
Women are trapped and subjugated both physically and psychologically by the patriarchal norms of ... more Women are trapped and subjugated both physically and psychologically by the patriarchal norms of society where many of them suffer silently domestic abuses, violence, rape, frustration and atrocities of married life and if not intolerable commit suicide. This paper of mine will try to unmask such plight of the 21st century women living in the every corner of India and their shattered condition by the veiled practice of marriage through the unnamed narrator of Meena Kandasamy’s “When I Hit You” or “The Portrait of a writer as a Young Wife”. Simultaneously, the paper will elaborate how Kandasamy shows this critical state of modern women through the unnamed narrator’s relentless sufferings and her strategically escape from such vile patriarchal domination by her feministic gusto using the power of language by transforming pain into a piece of art. Then it will recapitulate how Meena Kandasamy has subverted the argument made by the novel’s abuser that the Indian female writers working in English as the ‘whores’ of the past who were the links between the colonizer and the colonized by linking herself to feminist writers like Anne Sexton, Kamala Das and Elfriede Jelinek and many more beyond caste, race and culture in the form of epigraphs in the beginning of her each chapter.
India has a great history of Drama since the ancient era. Indian drama is as old as the Indian tr... more India has a great history of Drama since the ancient era. Indian drama is as old as the Indian traditions. Today, theatre of Indian English is a mirror reflecting the fusion of the tradition and modernity. This paper covers the significant period of time which marks the change in the position of woman in the Indian social life as reflected in the modern age where men suffer from identity crisis, struggle for their existence and women change from their submissive role to the role of an independent woman. In this respect, Girish Karnad"s plays present a glaring conflict between indigenous tradition and modernity against the backdrop of mythology and history and how he exploits the traditional myths through the vision of his modern conscience.
India has affluent legacy of Drama since the ancient era. Indian drama is as old as the Indian tr... more India has affluent legacy of Drama since the ancient era. Indian drama is as old as the Indian traditions. Today, theatre of Indian English is a mirror reflecting the fusion of the tradition and modernity. This paper covers the significant period of time which marks the change in the position of woman in the Indian social life as reflected in the modern age where men suffer from identity crisis, struggle for their existence and women change from their submissive role to the role of an independent woman. In this respect, Girish Karnad's plays present a glaring conflict between indigenous tradition and modernity against the backdrop of mythology and history and how he exploits the traditional myths through the vision of his modern conscience.
A greater tolerance for people with diverse sexual orientations and sexual identities has been ob... more A greater tolerance for people with diverse sexual orientations and sexual identities has been observed in several parts of the world. Though to some extent, it conspicuously found that the people belonging to Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons have been able to attain assimilation in the mainstream of society and culture in some countries as a whole, the condition is drastically sad in other countries. People have their lifestyles, use of language, way of expression, feelings and behaviour. They have been denied living a peaceful life. They are deprived of all kinds of facilities and forced to live in extreme poverty. Even if they have tried to seclude themselves from mainstream society, they have often been the target of negligence and hatred. But if we try to locate its root cause, such discrimination is mandatory irrespective of caste, class and the importance of their gender. In this chapter, I aim to find out how the mainstream of Indian society and culture dominate these people throughout the years. Along with it postmortem, the dupe-headed role of the mainstream society. It will focus on the sorrowful life cycle of the people who have not been allowed to express their feelings, emotions, desires, ideas, and preferences as these may destroy the richly manipulated foundation of society. Though they have been allowed to move out of their homes and seek employment, but they have always been pushed down secondarily. Apart from these, the article will delve deeper into exploring the tricky Indian society where people lead a queer life challenging various norms. It makes a significant intervention in critically analyzing the emergence of queer studies in India. To explore such, I will be focusing on the contemporary Indian fiction of Meena Kandasamy's When I Hit You (2017), Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017), Abha Daweasar's Babyji (2005 )and R. Raj Rao's Hostel Room 131(2010).
The theme of marginalisation in literature has reached a new height in literature throughout the ... more The theme of marginalisation in literature has reached a new height in literature throughout the centuries. The common factor of such marginalization arises due to the incapacity of people to fulfil the needs of society. The people who are incapable of serving in valuable socio-economical, political and cultural sectors feel insignificant and alien within society. In a country like India, we have several times come across such marginalization almost everywhere. Irrespective of their cultural roots, the process of marginalization still exists in society. Among the greater marginalized communities of India are schedule castes, schedule tribes, women and children. In this study, my focus will be on exploring the concerns of the minority, low caste marginal, Dalit women as voiced through the poetry of South Indian Tamil writer Meena Kandasamy. An attempt will be made to study contemporary Dalit feminist writings and how Dalit women at large use literature as their weapon of empowerment. On the other hand, the focus will be on Temsula Ao, a major voice of the North East in Indian English Literature. A clear picture of how her poetry interconnects and combines the oppression of Women and nature will be the focus of this discussion.
Nature plays a vital role in the literature of Northeast India. Writers like A. C. Agarwala, B. K... more Nature plays a vital role in the literature of Northeast India. Writers like A. C. Agarwala, B. K. Bhattacharya, Dimbeswar Neog, Hemchandra Barua, Hemchandra Goswami, Hem Barua, Jyoti Prasad Agarwala, Kamalakanta Bhattacharya, Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Mamang Dai, Nalini Bala Devi wrote extensively enumerating the detailing picture of their region. They have echoed the long prevailed and isolated self of their own with the incorporation of sociocultural and environmental issues. They have shown how the states have been torn apart and neglected by mainland of India. They eulogize nature as the lap of their mother and how tenderly they have been raised by this mother. They nostalgically relate their lineage to mountains, forests, streams, trees, stones, their traditional gods etc. In a similar way, Temsula Ao does not forget her own true self. She has a stout bond with this nature too and has proved this throughout his writings whether in her poetry or in her short stories. But what makes her different from other writers is her delineating nature in touch with the human psyche and heart. She incorporates the spirit and human in the same line and goes on her experimentation of human nature relationship.
Since the creation of the earth and human being, our society has been groping through a journey f... more Since the creation of the earth and human being, our society has been groping through a journey from ignorance to knowledge. Humans have been experiencing a kind of transition in the process of modernization. In this context, my focus will be on the empowerment of 19th Century Bengali women who were considered earlier as the object of subjugation, subordination and dominance. It was the time when women had no right to go outside the territory of the four walls. Their lives were modeled upon the patriarchal society. In this article, my focus will be on how Rassundari Devi ( 1809-1899) in her autobiography "Amar Jibon" has challenged the patriarchal norms through her leading of life through resilience and perseverance. her passionate dream was to form a new self of her own through educating herself. It will focus on how a woman with her own determination taught herself to read and write. A journey started from her childhood then through the advent of her marriage to her married life and later on. It portrays the dissatisfaction, fear and frustration of Rassundari Devi being a woman in such society.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, 2021
Violence and Trauma, a deeply distressing experience is among the age-long themes of literature. ... more Violence and Trauma, a deeply distressing experience is among the age-long themes of literature. Violence is a type of injury arising from some unintended actions, events and incidents. It has been categorized into many categories according to the nature of violence. Likewise, Trauma is an experience arising from a deeply distressing or disturbing event or events. The incidents baffle individual's ability to cope in life causing feelings of helplessness. Such incidents destroy people's sense of self and their ability to live a healthy and peaceful life. Violence and Trauma can be caused by both natural and man-made event. Whatever may its cause may be, internal human psyche ventures through plenty of conflicting emotions. There were very few writers who wrote about these evils issues of society. Only very few writers have showed their courage to talk about these transforming their private issue into public. In my study, I will deal with the budding contemporary twenty first century Dalit Tamil writer Meena Kandasamy's "When I Hit You". The study will focus on various aspects of the female protagonist's painstaking traumatized life from her birth to the establishment of herself as a feminist writer.
Women are trapped and subjugated both physically and psychologically by the patriarchal norms of ... more Women are trapped and subjugated both physically and psychologically by the patriarchal norms of society where many of them suffer silently domestic abuses, violence, rape, frustration and atrocities of married life and if not intolerable commit suicide. This paper of mine will try to unmask such plight of the 21st century women living in the every corner of India and their shattered condition by the veiled practice of marriage through the unnamed narrator of Meena Kandasamy’s “When I Hit You” or “The Portrait of a writer as a Young Wife”. Simultaneously, the paper will elaborate how Kandasamy shows this critical state of modern women through the unnamed narrator’s relentless sufferings and her strategically escape from such vile patriarchal domination by her feministic gusto using the power of language by transforming pain into a piece of art. Then it will recapitulate how Meena Kandasamy has subverted the argument made by the novel’s abuser that the Indian female writers working in English as the ‘whores’ of the past who were the links between the colonizer and the colonized by linking herself to feminist writers like Anne Sexton, Kamala Das and Elfriede Jelinek and many more beyond caste, race and culture in the form of epigraphs in the beginning of her each chapter.
India has a great history of Drama since the ancient era. Indian drama is as old as the Indian tr... more India has a great history of Drama since the ancient era. Indian drama is as old as the Indian traditions. Today, theatre of Indian English is a mirror reflecting the fusion of the tradition and modernity. This paper covers the significant period of time which marks the change in the position of woman in the Indian social life as reflected in the modern age where men suffer from identity crisis, struggle for their existence and women change from their submissive role to the role of an independent woman. In this respect, Girish Karnad"s plays present a glaring conflict between indigenous tradition and modernity against the backdrop of mythology and history and how he exploits the traditional myths through the vision of his modern conscience.
India has affluent legacy of Drama since the ancient era. Indian drama is as old as the Indian tr... more India has affluent legacy of Drama since the ancient era. Indian drama is as old as the Indian traditions. Today, theatre of Indian English is a mirror reflecting the fusion of the tradition and modernity. This paper covers the significant period of time which marks the change in the position of woman in the Indian social life as reflected in the modern age where men suffer from identity crisis, struggle for their existence and women change from their submissive role to the role of an independent woman. In this respect, Girish Karnad's plays present a glaring conflict between indigenous tradition and modernity against the backdrop of mythology and history and how he exploits the traditional myths through the vision of his modern conscience.
A greater tolerance for people with diverse sexual orientations and sexual identities has been ob... more A greater tolerance for people with diverse sexual orientations and sexual identities has been observed in several parts of the world. Though to some extent, it conspicuously found that the people belonging to Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons have been able to attain assimilation in the mainstream of society and culture in some countries as a whole, the condition is drastically sad in other countries. People have their lifestyles, use of language, way of expression, feelings and behaviour. They have been denied living a peaceful life. They are deprived of all kinds of facilities and forced to live in extreme poverty. Even if they have tried to seclude themselves from mainstream society, they have often been the target of negligence and hatred. But if we try to locate its root cause, such discrimination is mandatory irrespective of caste, class and the importance of their gender. In this chapter, I aim to find out how the mainstream of Indian society and culture dominate these people throughout the years. Along with it postmortem, the dupe-headed role of the mainstream society. It will focus on the sorrowful life cycle of the people who have not been allowed to express their feelings, emotions, desires, ideas, and preferences as these may destroy the richly manipulated foundation of society. Though they have been allowed to move out of their homes and seek employment, but they have always been pushed down secondarily. Apart from these, the article will delve deeper into exploring the tricky Indian society where people lead a queer life challenging various norms. It makes a significant intervention in critically analyzing the emergence of queer studies in India. To explore such, I will be focusing on the contemporary Indian fiction of Meena Kandasamy's When I Hit You (2017), Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017), Abha Daweasar's Babyji (2005 )and R. Raj Rao's Hostel Room 131(2010).
The theme of marginalisation in literature has reached a new height in literature throughout the ... more The theme of marginalisation in literature has reached a new height in literature throughout the centuries. The common factor of such marginalization arises due to the incapacity of people to fulfil the needs of society. The people who are incapable of serving in valuable socio-economical, political and cultural sectors feel insignificant and alien within society. In a country like India, we have several times come across such marginalization almost everywhere. Irrespective of their cultural roots, the process of marginalization still exists in society. Among the greater marginalized communities of India are schedule castes, schedule tribes, women and children. In this study, my focus will be on exploring the concerns of the minority, low caste marginal, Dalit women as voiced through the poetry of South Indian Tamil writer Meena Kandasamy. An attempt will be made to study contemporary Dalit feminist writings and how Dalit women at large use literature as their weapon of empowerment. On the other hand, the focus will be on Temsula Ao, a major voice of the North East in Indian English Literature. A clear picture of how her poetry interconnects and combines the oppression of Women and nature will be the focus of this discussion.
Nature plays a vital role in the literature of Northeast India. Writers like A. C. Agarwala, B. K... more Nature plays a vital role in the literature of Northeast India. Writers like A. C. Agarwala, B. K. Bhattacharya, Dimbeswar Neog, Hemchandra Barua, Hemchandra Goswami, Hem Barua, Jyoti Prasad Agarwala, Kamalakanta Bhattacharya, Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Mamang Dai, Nalini Bala Devi wrote extensively enumerating the detailing picture of their region. They have echoed the long prevailed and isolated self of their own with the incorporation of sociocultural and environmental issues. They have shown how the states have been torn apart and neglected by mainland of India. They eulogize nature as the lap of their mother and how tenderly they have been raised by this mother. They nostalgically relate their lineage to mountains, forests, streams, trees, stones, their traditional gods etc. In a similar way, Temsula Ao does not forget her own true self. She has a stout bond with this nature too and has proved this throughout his writings whether in her poetry or in her short stories. But what makes her different from other writers is her delineating nature in touch with the human psyche and heart. She incorporates the spirit and human in the same line and goes on her experimentation of human nature relationship.
Since the creation of the earth and human being, our society has been groping through a journey f... more Since the creation of the earth and human being, our society has been groping through a journey from ignorance to knowledge. Humans have been experiencing a kind of transition in the process of modernization. In this context, my focus will be on the empowerment of 19th Century Bengali women who were considered earlier as the object of subjugation, subordination and dominance. It was the time when women had no right to go outside the territory of the four walls. Their lives were modeled upon the patriarchal society. In this article, my focus will be on how Rassundari Devi ( 1809-1899) in her autobiography "Amar Jibon" has challenged the patriarchal norms through her leading of life through resilience and perseverance. her passionate dream was to form a new self of her own through educating herself. It will focus on how a woman with her own determination taught herself to read and write. A journey started from her childhood then through the advent of her marriage to her married life and later on. It portrays the dissatisfaction, fear and frustration of Rassundari Devi being a woman in such society.
Uploads
Papers by Manik Mandal
Books by Manik Mandal