PurposeA case study about the creation of four scenarios that were used to make sense of the fast... more PurposeA case study about the creation of four scenarios that were used to make sense of the fast-moving pace of COVID-19 and the consequences for New Zealand tourism.Design/methodology/approachAdapting global visitor economy scenarios, a set of New Zealand tourism scenarios were constructed using a “back of house Shell” method and were supplemented with an expert panel to test the reliability and validity of the scenarios.FindingsThe four scenarios constructed were based on two critical uncertainties, namely economic recession and the moral dilemma of the consumer. Four scenarios were portrayed using film and TV titles to help participants visualise the scenarios. Crazy Rich Asians: Recovery represented many of the attributes of tourism in New Zealand prior to COVID-19 i.e. a focus on high value tourists from Asia. Contagion: Survival of the Fittest represented the reality of the COVID-19 pandemic. This Side of Paradise: ReThinking Tourism focused on rebuilding tourism based upon t...
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of systems thinking and i... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of systems thinking and its value for strategic foresight and scenario planning to address disruptive forces from the outside, with the outbreak of COVID19 as a case study. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper concisely discusses the notion of systems thinking and the concept of complex adaptive systems and puts this in the context of contemporary society in general and travel and tourism in particular. Strategic foresight and scenario planning are introduced as an approach to anticipate disruptions in the complex adaptive travel and tourism system. Findings As COVID-19 has demonstrated, travel and tourism is sensitive for disruptions from the outside. To ensure long-term resilience and sustainability, a systems approach embedded in strategic foresight and scenario planning is emphasised. Practical implications Strategic foresight and scenario planning is a competence that can be learned. Originalit...
What is the future of luxury? Using scenario planning, this paper explores four possible futures ... more What is the future of luxury? Using scenario planning, this paper explores four possible futures of luxury set in 2030. Scenario 1, Trading Up to Luxury, discusses how consumers with increased wealth aspire to buy luxury products and experiences. Scenario 2, Prestige Luxury, focuses on the behaviours of the seriously wealthy and examines how the mega-rich influence luxury markets. Scenario 3, Enrichment and Experiential Luxury, illustrates how the concept of luxury has become less about materialism and more about experiences. Scenario 4, Craft and Authentic Luxury, illustrates how the exclusivity of luxury is framed by craftsmanship, history and uniqueness. This paper is based on an examination of the evolution of luxury as a concept and highlights eleven contemporary drivers of change including the democratisation of luxury, demanding consumers and premium pricing. The study allows those involved in luxury industries to understand change and, using the scenarios, to position their products or experiences.
Many music festivals fail because the experiences offered do not ensure relevance and meaning to ... more Many music festivals fail because the experiences offered do not ensure relevance and meaning to the attendee. Engagement with new and virtual landscapes and with the enhanced sensory feelings and imaginations that technologies can offer may alleviate this. Utilizing a futures frame, this conceptual article contributes to the pursuit of successful future event design by applying a normative visionary methodology—employing trend analysis, scenarios, and science fiction to create prototypes that may assist in the formation of appropriate experience options and opportunities for music festivals of the future. It is proposed that this technique may aid positive social outcomes.
The economics and evaluation of festivals and events Jack Carlsen Introduction The economic impor... more The economics and evaluation of festivals and events Jack Carlsen Introduction The economic importance of festivals and events is now widely recognized. Events have an impact on local, state and national econo-mies through investment, employment and income. They ...
In 1950, 25 million tourists took an international holiday and today, that figure has reached ove... more In 1950, 25 million tourists took an international holiday and today, that figure has reached over a billion. What is the future? Whether economic growth can be sustained in finite natural world is one of the earliest and most enduring questions in the economics literature. Does the world have enough resources to cope with 5 billion tourists in 2050? (Yeoman 2012). What would happen to international aviation beyond peak oil? Will there be such a thing as tourism in 2050 as holograms, digital immersion, haptic technologies and gestural interfaces bring about liminality in which reality and science fiction become blurred. Since no one can predict the exact future, the purpose of this special issue is to provide a range of alternative futures and directions in order to challenge our present perspectives in an informed, thoughtful and considered way
ABSTRACT This paper situates current knowledge on family tourism with pointers to the future by d... more ABSTRACT This paper situates current knowledge on family tourism with pointers to the future by drawing on multidisciplinary contributions to a recent consolidative book. Research in family tourism is limited, fragmented and individualized, thus not accounting for the diversity of family forms, sociality of family groups and multidimensionality of family experiences. Integration of thinking about and understanding the changing nature of families in tourism is needed. The key concepts of change are captured through a cognitive mapping perspective. This research process allows an exploration and systemic tool for constructivism interpretation. The cognitive model resulted in nine main themes that represent emerging and changing trends in family tourism. The key purpose here is the identification of the slow moving changes and trends that are occurring in family tourism based upon cognitive modelling of current research and their significance for predicting the future. This demonstrates connectivity between concepts providing a more holistic and critical interpretation of the future of families and tourism.
Abstract This chapter addresses the role of image, marketing, brand awareness, commercial partner... more Abstract This chapter addresses the role of image, marketing, brand awareness, commercial partnerships (sponsorship), entrepreneurship, and stakeholder legitimacy as part of an events management strategy and framework for Edinburgh, a UK city known for hosting ...
The globalisation of events has evolved in the twenty-first century. This phenomenal evolution, c... more The globalisation of events has evolved in the twenty-first century. This phenomenal evolution, coupled with consumer awareness and destination desire has resulted in the world doing events, whether it is the Olympics Games or Blue Mountains Gnome Festival in Australia. There is an unprecedented interest in events and festivals whether cultural or sporting. But what is the future? Have we reached a point of eventisation and saturation or is the future something virtual like the World of Warcraft. This chapter paints a picture of two scenarios in order to demonstrate what that future could be, using New Zealand as a case study. Martinborough Fest 2050, looks at the future of food and wine events as a cultural experience. Jonah Lomu VIII Wins Again is a story of the All Blacks winning the Rugby World Cup in 2050 based upon players that have being genetically bred and worldwide audience participation. The scenarios are based upon the following drivers: 1. The Desire for Authentic Experiences 2. The Future of Luxury: Wine, Food and Music as the Cultural Capital Experience 3. The Economic and Political Power of Events 4. The Environment and Scarcity of Resources 5. China's Emerging Middle Classes 6. The Insperience Experience and Urban Tribes 7. The Future of Prostitution 8. Augmented Reality and the Information Economy 9. Ethics and Generic Engineering 10. I Robot The chapter concludes with an analytical discussion about the implications of the two including managing events, consumption, communities and the role of technologies.
This chapter introduces and defines art, culture and leisure. It will examine the development of ... more This chapter introduces and defines art, culture and leisure. It will examine the development of these concepts, particularly in relation to the cultural economy and evolution of festivals and events. The issue of participation and government involvement in arts, culture and leisure is explored.
This chapter examines empirical research conducted in the Apulia region of Italy, followed by an ... more This chapter examines empirical research conducted in the Apulia region of Italy, followed by an evaluation of the role of festivals and events in wine tourism development. Particular attention will be given to certain events, such as the Cantine Aperte (Open Cellars), the Calici di Stelle (Chalices of Stars), the Benvenuta Vendemmia (Welcome Wine Harvest) and the sagre (local festivals) taking place throughout the year. The chapter also includes considerations on the importance of implementing a general tourism strategy, aiming to ...
Event design and management: ritual sacrifice? Steve Brown and Jane James Introduction In their r... more Event design and management: ritual sacrifice? Steve Brown and Jane James Introduction In their rush to become part of the industry, and in their rush to satisfy and mould their events to meet the demands of their 'stake-holders'(eg sponsors, media partners, gov-ernment ...
PurposeA case study about the creation of four scenarios that were used to make sense of the fast... more PurposeA case study about the creation of four scenarios that were used to make sense of the fast-moving pace of COVID-19 and the consequences for New Zealand tourism.Design/methodology/approachAdapting global visitor economy scenarios, a set of New Zealand tourism scenarios were constructed using a “back of house Shell” method and were supplemented with an expert panel to test the reliability and validity of the scenarios.FindingsThe four scenarios constructed were based on two critical uncertainties, namely economic recession and the moral dilemma of the consumer. Four scenarios were portrayed using film and TV titles to help participants visualise the scenarios. Crazy Rich Asians: Recovery represented many of the attributes of tourism in New Zealand prior to COVID-19 i.e. a focus on high value tourists from Asia. Contagion: Survival of the Fittest represented the reality of the COVID-19 pandemic. This Side of Paradise: ReThinking Tourism focused on rebuilding tourism based upon t...
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of systems thinking and i... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of systems thinking and its value for strategic foresight and scenario planning to address disruptive forces from the outside, with the outbreak of COVID19 as a case study. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper concisely discusses the notion of systems thinking and the concept of complex adaptive systems and puts this in the context of contemporary society in general and travel and tourism in particular. Strategic foresight and scenario planning are introduced as an approach to anticipate disruptions in the complex adaptive travel and tourism system. Findings As COVID-19 has demonstrated, travel and tourism is sensitive for disruptions from the outside. To ensure long-term resilience and sustainability, a systems approach embedded in strategic foresight and scenario planning is emphasised. Practical implications Strategic foresight and scenario planning is a competence that can be learned. Originalit...
What is the future of luxury? Using scenario planning, this paper explores four possible futures ... more What is the future of luxury? Using scenario planning, this paper explores four possible futures of luxury set in 2030. Scenario 1, Trading Up to Luxury, discusses how consumers with increased wealth aspire to buy luxury products and experiences. Scenario 2, Prestige Luxury, focuses on the behaviours of the seriously wealthy and examines how the mega-rich influence luxury markets. Scenario 3, Enrichment and Experiential Luxury, illustrates how the concept of luxury has become less about materialism and more about experiences. Scenario 4, Craft and Authentic Luxury, illustrates how the exclusivity of luxury is framed by craftsmanship, history and uniqueness. This paper is based on an examination of the evolution of luxury as a concept and highlights eleven contemporary drivers of change including the democratisation of luxury, demanding consumers and premium pricing. The study allows those involved in luxury industries to understand change and, using the scenarios, to position their products or experiences.
Many music festivals fail because the experiences offered do not ensure relevance and meaning to ... more Many music festivals fail because the experiences offered do not ensure relevance and meaning to the attendee. Engagement with new and virtual landscapes and with the enhanced sensory feelings and imaginations that technologies can offer may alleviate this. Utilizing a futures frame, this conceptual article contributes to the pursuit of successful future event design by applying a normative visionary methodology—employing trend analysis, scenarios, and science fiction to create prototypes that may assist in the formation of appropriate experience options and opportunities for music festivals of the future. It is proposed that this technique may aid positive social outcomes.
The economics and evaluation of festivals and events Jack Carlsen Introduction The economic impor... more The economics and evaluation of festivals and events Jack Carlsen Introduction The economic importance of festivals and events is now widely recognized. Events have an impact on local, state and national econo-mies through investment, employment and income. They ...
In 1950, 25 million tourists took an international holiday and today, that figure has reached ove... more In 1950, 25 million tourists took an international holiday and today, that figure has reached over a billion. What is the future? Whether economic growth can be sustained in finite natural world is one of the earliest and most enduring questions in the economics literature. Does the world have enough resources to cope with 5 billion tourists in 2050? (Yeoman 2012). What would happen to international aviation beyond peak oil? Will there be such a thing as tourism in 2050 as holograms, digital immersion, haptic technologies and gestural interfaces bring about liminality in which reality and science fiction become blurred. Since no one can predict the exact future, the purpose of this special issue is to provide a range of alternative futures and directions in order to challenge our present perspectives in an informed, thoughtful and considered way
ABSTRACT This paper situates current knowledge on family tourism with pointers to the future by d... more ABSTRACT This paper situates current knowledge on family tourism with pointers to the future by drawing on multidisciplinary contributions to a recent consolidative book. Research in family tourism is limited, fragmented and individualized, thus not accounting for the diversity of family forms, sociality of family groups and multidimensionality of family experiences. Integration of thinking about and understanding the changing nature of families in tourism is needed. The key concepts of change are captured through a cognitive mapping perspective. This research process allows an exploration and systemic tool for constructivism interpretation. The cognitive model resulted in nine main themes that represent emerging and changing trends in family tourism. The key purpose here is the identification of the slow moving changes and trends that are occurring in family tourism based upon cognitive modelling of current research and their significance for predicting the future. This demonstrates connectivity between concepts providing a more holistic and critical interpretation of the future of families and tourism.
Abstract This chapter addresses the role of image, marketing, brand awareness, commercial partner... more Abstract This chapter addresses the role of image, marketing, brand awareness, commercial partnerships (sponsorship), entrepreneurship, and stakeholder legitimacy as part of an events management strategy and framework for Edinburgh, a UK city known for hosting ...
The globalisation of events has evolved in the twenty-first century. This phenomenal evolution, c... more The globalisation of events has evolved in the twenty-first century. This phenomenal evolution, coupled with consumer awareness and destination desire has resulted in the world doing events, whether it is the Olympics Games or Blue Mountains Gnome Festival in Australia. There is an unprecedented interest in events and festivals whether cultural or sporting. But what is the future? Have we reached a point of eventisation and saturation or is the future something virtual like the World of Warcraft. This chapter paints a picture of two scenarios in order to demonstrate what that future could be, using New Zealand as a case study. Martinborough Fest 2050, looks at the future of food and wine events as a cultural experience. Jonah Lomu VIII Wins Again is a story of the All Blacks winning the Rugby World Cup in 2050 based upon players that have being genetically bred and worldwide audience participation. The scenarios are based upon the following drivers: 1. The Desire for Authentic Experiences 2. The Future of Luxury: Wine, Food and Music as the Cultural Capital Experience 3. The Economic and Political Power of Events 4. The Environment and Scarcity of Resources 5. China's Emerging Middle Classes 6. The Insperience Experience and Urban Tribes 7. The Future of Prostitution 8. Augmented Reality and the Information Economy 9. Ethics and Generic Engineering 10. I Robot The chapter concludes with an analytical discussion about the implications of the two including managing events, consumption, communities and the role of technologies.
This chapter introduces and defines art, culture and leisure. It will examine the development of ... more This chapter introduces and defines art, culture and leisure. It will examine the development of these concepts, particularly in relation to the cultural economy and evolution of festivals and events. The issue of participation and government involvement in arts, culture and leisure is explored.
This chapter examines empirical research conducted in the Apulia region of Italy, followed by an ... more This chapter examines empirical research conducted in the Apulia region of Italy, followed by an evaluation of the role of festivals and events in wine tourism development. Particular attention will be given to certain events, such as the Cantine Aperte (Open Cellars), the Calici di Stelle (Chalices of Stars), the Benvenuta Vendemmia (Welcome Wine Harvest) and the sagre (local festivals) taking place throughout the year. The chapter also includes considerations on the importance of implementing a general tourism strategy, aiming to ...
Event design and management: ritual sacrifice? Steve Brown and Jane James Introduction In their r... more Event design and management: ritual sacrifice? Steve Brown and Jane James Introduction In their rush to become part of the industry, and in their rush to satisfy and mould their events to meet the demands of their 'stake-holders'(eg sponsors, media partners, gov-ernment ...
Tourism is universally considered as an activity specifically reserved for humans. Although not e... more Tourism is universally considered as an activity specifically reserved for humans. Although not explicitly stated, all definitions of tourism assume that the tourists are human beings. But should it be so?
Call for papers for a Special issue on "Tourism beyond humans - robots, pets and teddy bears" for Tourism Management Perspectives
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Call for papers for a Special issue on "Tourism beyond humans - robots, pets and teddy bears" for Tourism Management Perspectives