Architecture

Supplying potable water in hot arid regions has always been a challenge for the residents. In central and eastern deserts of Iran, where poor rainfall and seasonal rivers cause extreme conditions in supplying water, a creative traditional solution has been a unique kind of water reservoirs (cisterns) called "Ab-Anabr". These structures typically consist of an underground cube or cylindrical reservoir with a massive covering dome and one or more wind towers for ventilation and a staircase for taking water. As the modern life and technology dominated the region, water pipeline system replaced cisterns and only in few cases as in Naeen, they are still in use (as a complementary resource for potable water). This paper, with a critical look at the background, is to analyze the strategies used in these structures making them capable of functioning as a zero-energy building to provide the residents of a town with potable water during the hot season. Later on the investigation is dedicated to study the considerations used in keeping water cool during hot season and providing an efficient ventilation system without any consumption of fossil energies .The focus on these strategies and considerations are in order to develop and adopt an efficient passive cooling system out of these abandoned structures which also hold historical and cultural values. This passive cooling system not only can alternate the electrical cooling systems that are now being used in the region, but also can help to reserve these buildings of historical and architectural value as an adaptive reuse approach.

Sense of place and sustainability of intangible cultural heritage-The case of George Town and Melaka; [Tavakolianferdosieh, et al; 2016] Redesigning bazaar based on its collective memories formation and retention case study: Bazaar Khan, city of Yazd; [Tuan; 1974] Classics in human geography revisited: Topophilia; [Zangiabadi, et al; 2012] Strategic planning, to organize traditional Iranian markets a case study: The traditional market of Tabriz. Introduction and Background Iranian historic bazaars are the dynamic hotspots of the cities that have a vital role in shaping a sense of place attachment. Among these, Tabriz Historic Bazaar with its unique characteristics is very important. The present study aims at determining the place identity components and their effects on the place attachment among business owners at Tabriz Historic Bazaar. Methodology The present correlational study was conducted among business owners at Tabriz Historic Bazaar in 2018 and 374 people were selected randomly for the research. For data collection, questionnaire with 36 components in 6 dimensions were used. Data analysis was carried out using Spearman Correlation and Multiple Regression tests. Findings Results demonstrated that the coefficient of the most important place identity components with place attachment was significant at p<0.01 and criteria of memorability, satisfaction as well as introduction and identification had maximum coefficient with place attachment with the coefficients of 0.541, 0.480 and 0.412, respectively. Components of memorability with the beta coefficient of 0.314, satisfaction with the beta coefficient of 0.241 as well as introduction and identification with the beta coefficient of 0.140 had respectively the highest regression effects on the place attachment. Conclusion Considering the role of place identity components and the extent of their influence on the sense of place attachment along with the efforts to preserve them in Tabriz Bazaar would help the survival of this valuable architectural heritage, while the quality of Bazaar will be enhanced as well.

Computational simulation is typically used towards the end of the building design process, serving mainly as a design validation tool. In such situations it is applied to well developed design proposals where the majority of the design parameters are known or have been determined by the design team. At conceptual design stage, where even the basic form of the building has not yet been finalised, designers typically rely more upon the guidance of experienced consultants. The sheer number of unknown parameters at this stage are considered to render detailed computational simulation of limited use. However, with the development of parametric optimisation techniques, there is now significant opportunity for the use of computational simulation during concept design. Whilst the focus of most optimisation research has been on multiple simple numeric design parameters, if these same techniques can be applied with actual building geometry as a parameter, then the potential for form generatio...

The mosque has served as a ritual space for Muslims since the emergence of Islam; in every era it has been designed and constructed based on terms and conditions of performance and the technology. But there are almost some fixed and unchanged elements that distinguish the mosque from the other places. In the mosque architecture, the dome is considered as an important symbol and element, and in addition to the concepts hidden in the space of the dome, many designers suppose its existence as a reason for the symbolic architecture of Islam. Therefore, the study of the construction of domes seems necessary, while today the progress of the construction and implementation methods doubles the need for understanding their structures. Meanwhile, in a place like the mosque, it is required to provide the user comfort in terms of the minimal situation to improve the spiritual state of the worshipers, which is needed additionally in the hot and dry climate due to the distance between the natural...

Supplying potable water in hot arid regions has always been a challenge for the residents. In central and eastern deserts of Iran, where poor rainfall and seasonal rivers cause extreme conditions in supplying water, a creative traditional solution has been a unique kind of water reservoirs (cisterns) called “Ab-Anabr”. These structures typically consist of an underground cube or cylindrical reservoir with a massive covering dome and one or more wind towers for ventilation and a staircase for taking water. As the modern life and technology dominated the region, water pipeline system replaced cisterns and only in few cases as in Naeen, they are still in use (as a complementary resource for potable water). This paper, with a critical look at the background, is to analyze the strategies used in these structures making them capable of functioning as a zero-energy building to provide the residents of a town with potable water during the hot season. Later on the investigation is dedicated ...

According to statistics provided by the Iranian Statistics Center,40% of energy consumption is related to the housing sector. Windows as a component of exterior wall, Responsible for 20-30% of all energy infiltration. Therefore, the purpose of this study, is to optimize residential windows in cold and dry climate of Tabriz in order to reduce energy consumption. The research method is based on simulation with two methods &quot;parametric optimization&quot; and &quot;genetic algorithm&quot;. The research tool is Design Builder software. So, the amount of annual gas consumption in the case study was received from the National Iranian Gas Company and then the basic research model is modeled in software and after converting the unit from kWh to m3 and validating the obtained results from simulation, in the next step, the type of glazing and frame are changed and then the sensitivity is analyzed by the two mentioned methods. The results showed that by replacing windows with triple glazed-...

With the increasing complexity of building design and performance evaluation, computational tools must be reconsidered to facilitate better solar design and application. The aim of this research is to demonstrate how reverse computation can play a significant role in building design. This approach has been used to explore a family of building design problems which deal with solar radiation falling on surfaces in obstructed situations and different locations. It was found that using the selected design tool (Ecotect), optimum solutions could be established for this family of problems based on reverse computation, starting with the performance requirements and leading to either a full range of tested solutions or simple optimum. The findings of this research are a first step in generating the form of buildings from climatic data and environmental performance constraints.

Recent researches all across the world emphasize the threat of the increasing consumption of energy. The undeniable role of energy consumption in all stages of the life cycle of materials, including extraction, factory manufacturing, and transportation has revealed the necessity of using sustainable methods to have lower energy consumed. The whole energy of all different steps of the life cycle is called &quot;embodied energy&quot; and the process of assessing this embodied energy input is called &quot;life cycle assessment” (LCA). Despite the great importance of LCA, the quantitative test of such a hypothesis has been less of a concern for previous researchers in our country Iran, and due to the lack of organized information from industrial units, such a study has also faced the difficulties of data collection. In this regard, this paper evaluates the amount of embodied energy consumption of building materials at different stages of their life cycle. To reach this goal this researc...

Supplying potable water in hot arid regions has always been a challenge for the residents. In central and eastern deserts of Iran, where poor rainfall and seasonal rivers cause extreme conditions in supplying water, a creative traditional solution has been a unique kind of water reservoirs (cisterns) called “Ab-Anabr”. These structures typically consist of an underground cube or cylindrical reservoir with a massive covering dome and one or more wind towers for ventilation and a staircase for taking water. As the modern life and technology dominated the region, water pipeline system replaced cisterns and only in few cases as in Naeen, they are still in use (as a complementary resource for potable water). This paper, with a critical look at the background, is to analyze the strategies used in these structures making them capable of functioning as a zero-energy building to provide the residents of a town with potable water during the hot season. Later on the investigation is dedicated ...

Growing tendency for Urbanization and rapid development of the cities has resulted in urban neighborhoods obstructing the access of each other to the natural sources e.g. solar energy, natural ventilation. Sunlight as the main part of input energy in urban energy balance equation and natural lighting is of vital importance. This paper attempts to achieve an optimum morphology for residential blocks in urban area with the highest exposure to the sunlight. To reach this goal a pilot area in Tabriz’s downtown was selected and regarding solar angle, local street regulations and the width of surrounding streets 3 different scenarios for the buildings blocks were defined. Using a three-dimensional microclimate model, ENVI-met, solar access of defined scenarios was calculated for the longest and the shortest day of the year. Results showed that Type C2 (highest, more open spaces) is a more efficient style for winter times as it receives more of the sun’s energy and also the amount of sun i...

Most of today's buildings, due to improper imitation of the architecture of buildings in other countries, are forced to use more energy to create conditions of thermal comfort. Building windows affect energy efficiency. So, the aim of this research is to be concerned with Tabriz climate; in selecting the proportion and suitable glazing of the windows, in order to access the best design and execute a model to decrease energy consumption. The research approach is to utilize simulation and Design Builder software as a research tool. So, the annual gas consumed in the Building was received from the National Iranian Gas Company and a case study is modeled and after converting the unit from kWh to kg and kg to m 3 and reliability of simulation results. Then, through parametric optimization, eight scenarios in designing windows and through the genetic algorithm, the glazing coating were evaluated. The simulations were performed again and the results index was examined. Eventually, based on the analysis of outputs, according to fixed area, it is more suitable to replace windows with the height of 1.5 to 1.74 meters instead of windows with the height of 1 or 1.2 meters. A window should be replaced with 2, 3, 4 or 5 windows with the same fixed area. I is desired to superseded triple-glazed glazing with lowemissivity filled with argon gas with clear double-glazed glazing filled with air to reduce energy consumption. The amount of heat losses for the window height of 1 to 1.5m, from one window to five windows and for the clear double-glazed glazing filled with air were 2.04%, 11.11%,. and 45.36%, respectively.

Windows in the building are the biggest elements of heat loss through convective heat transfer. The purpose of study is to select appropriate dimensions for windows relative to shell and appropriate glazing for windows, in order to achieve optimal pattern to reduce energy consumption. The research method is based on the simulation and research tool is DesignBuilder software. Therefore, amount of natural gas consumed annually in the studied building was received from the National Iranian Gas Company and then the basic research was modeled by software and after converting unit from kWh to m 3 and validating simulation results. In the next step, the range of 20% to 80% of window-to-wall-ratio, types of glazing and window height is considered and through parametric optimization, all conditions in the windows are simulated and analyzed for sensitivity index. The calculations confirm that in an intermediate residential building with a rotation of 12 degrees to the southeast in Tabriz, by reducing window-to-wallratio from 50% to 20% and replacing triples-glazed-glazing with a low-emission coating filled with argon gas with a transparent single-glazed glazing and UPVC frame and a canopy with a depth of 48cm and windows height of 1.5m, the heat losses were reduced by 60.34% and 75.24%, respectively.

Most of daily life of human takes place in House. However, in contemporary Iranian housing has been paid less attention to religious lifestyles ontologically. This study first examines the concept of lifestyle and the concept of privacy; then the impact of these concepts with the ontology of house architecture is examined. For this purpose, the social stratum of clerics has been selected because of their greater adherence to 1Associate Professor of Architecture, Tabriz Islamic Art University, corresponding author [email protected] Associate Professor of Architecture, Tabriz Islamic Art University [email protected] PhD student in Islamic Architecture, Tabriz Islamic Art University [email protected] Received: 09/04/2020 Reviewed: 27/07/2020 Revised: 13/12/2020 Accepted: 28/12/2020 162 شهوژپ همانلصف ود یتخانش یتسه یاه religious teachings. The method is qualitative research and its practical procedure is completing questionnaire by clerics. Findings show t...

Performance Sketching is the act of assessing the performance of an architectural sketch through the use of detailed building performance simulation (BPS) tools in the early stages of design. BPS tools offer tremendous potential for informing design to improve the passive performance of a building, but are inhibited by limitations and barriers to their use in the early stages of the design process – where the most influential design decisions are made. This paper presents an exploration of the views and perceptions from the New Zealand building industry on the feasibility of performance sketching using the plug-in, Honeybee for Rhinoceros/Grasshopper, as an example of a distributed modelling method (DMM). The study concluded that DMM cannot currently address all wants and wishes of users established in literature, but has potential. Future research efforts are required to focus upon: creating industry specific templates for building types; developing these templates to be adaptable ...

This study investigated the question of whether or not the distributed model method (DMM) could be perceived by the New Zealand building industry’s architects and engineers as overcoming barriers which prevent them from implementing building performance sketching within their design processes.  Current literature on the barriers to building performance simulation (BPS) have suggested a number of recommendations for tool developers to address, with little documented success to their impact on overcoming these perceived barriers. The recommendations suggested mainly improving tool interoperability for effective design team collaboration, and means to demonstrate model quality assurance. The DMM presented itself within literature as a new means to overcome the difficulties of interoperability faced by the central modelling method, commonly used in building information modelling (BIM), to meet requirements for design team collaboration. With the ability to provide high interoperability ...

A collaborative research study of modular terrace houses in Auckland, New Zealand has sought to find optimal building orientation, facade design and layout to inform the master plan for a housing development. Two terrace house modules of different size within a large multi-unit development were analysed. EnergyPlus models were based on the preliminary design concepts with sufficient zones that the thermal performance of each functional space within the terrace house could be studied. The smaller terrace house had the greatest difference in performance between best and worst orientations. Further investigation determined that the major determinant of this difference was neither size, nor plan layout of the buildings but was the larger imbalance in window to wall ratios of the two exposed facades.

A collaborative research study of modular terrace houses in Auckland, New Zealand has sought to find optimal building orientation, façade design and layout to inform the master plan for a housing development. Two terrace house modules of different size within a large multi-unit development were analysed. EnergyPlus models were based on the preliminary design concepts with sufficient zones that the thermal performance of each functional space within the terrace house could be studied. The smaller terrace house had the greatest difference in performance between best and worst orientations. Further investigation determined that the major determinant of this difference was neither size, nor plan layout of the buildings but was the larger imbalance in window to wall ratios of the two exposed facades.