The use of idioms is integral to everyday conversations, adding a sense of innovation to language... more The use of idioms is integral to everyday conversations, adding a sense of innovation to language through metaphorical and metonymical expressions. Despite their common use, defining idioms universally proves challenging due to their intricate and sometimes misleading nature. This article explores idioms through a semantic analysis, focusing on expressions associated with argument and conflict. Drawing on the works of various scholars it examines idiomatic expressions as unique linguistic constructions that elude straightforward definitions, emphasizing their pragmatic significance over lexical aspects. The literature review highlights conflicts as inherent aspects of human existence and explores how idioms serve as vehicles for expressing conflicts and arguments. The studies by Zh. Krasnobayeva-Chorna, L. Bilokonenko, I. Harbera, and E. Koliada dissect the distinctive expression of verbal aggression in Ukrainian phraseology, examine deception in phraseology, delineate lexico-semantic domains in Ukrainian and English phraseology, and classify English phraseological units capturing conflict meanings. The material and methods section outlines a semantic analysis of thirty-two idioms related to argument and conflict, sourced from the Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. These idioms are systematically categorized based on the semantic domain associated with their central terms. Definition analysis and contextual analysis elucidate the semantics, connotations, and figurative aspects embedded in these idioms. The results and discussion section presents findings on idioms categorized into semantic groups such as "Human being", "Artifacts", "Nature", "Sports and warfare", "Bible and mythology", and "Physical phenomena". Idioms related to the human body, artifacts, nature, sports, warfare, and biblical references are explored, revealing their metaphorical significance in conveying conflict-related notions. The study identifies and analyzes distinct semantic categories of idioms associated with conflict, revealing their metaphorical and figurative expressions.
This research investigates idiomatic expressions in English in the light of speech act theory, el... more This research investigates idiomatic expressions in English in the light of speech act theory, elucidating their pragmatic functions. Against the backdrop of the anthropocentric paradigm, linguistic dynamics are examined, focusing on the interrelation between language and thought, culture, society, and psychology. Pragmatics, as the analytical lens, emphasizes the significance of discerning communicative intent, establishing a vital connection to the illocutionary acts expressed by idiomatic expressions. The foundational theories of Austin and Searle in speech act theory provide the theoretical underpinning, accentuating the dual role of language and speech in both expressing propositions and performing actions. The authors of the article identify and analyze 48 idiomatic expressions, strategically categorizing them into representative, expressive, commissive, and directive speech acts. Among these, representative speech acts dominate, covering diverse functions such as describing, complaining, stating, concluding, and swearing. Expressive acts are used to convey various emotions embodied in the varieties of thanking, offering condolences, showing sympathy, expressing regret, and providing excuses, while commissive acts materialize in the forms of agreement or opposition. Directives, as a significant category, prompt specific actions from the interlocutor, represented by commands, requests, suggestions, advice, orders, invitations, warnings. This comprehensive analysis not only contributes to understanding the complex array of idiomatic expressions used in speech acts but also enhances our comprehension of their role and pragmatic function in communication. The findings resonate with contemporary research trends in linguistic analysis and pragmatics, revealing the pragmatic functions of idiomatic expressions within diverse speech acts. The implications of this research extend to enriching our understanding of the intricate connections between language and various facets of human experience, contributing to the linguistic analysis and pragmatics.
The study explores the persuasive strategies employed by President Joe Biden in his speeches rega... more The study explores the persuasive strategies employed by President Joe Biden in his speeches regarding the war in Ukraine. It identifies the use of Aristotle's rhetorical appeals, including ethos (credibility), pathos (emotion), and logos (logic), as key elements in Biden's persuasive communication. The analysis reveals that Biden employs ethos by emphasizing his credibility as a leader and his personal experiences related to the conflict. Highlighting his interactions with world leaders and his visits to Ukraine, he aims to establish trustworthiness and authority on the topic. The study identifies the use of logical appeals (logos) through the presentation of evidence, statistics, and references to authoritative sources. J. Biden reinforces his arguments with factual information to make a compelling case for supporting Ukraine and maintaining a united stance against Russia. The President strategically uses pathos to evoke emotions in his audience employing emotionally charged language, references to emotive incidents, and statements about his own feelings to connect with the audience emotionally. This emotional appeal is intended to mobilize support for Ukraine and condemn Russian aggression. The analysis also highlights the use of various stylistic devices, such as metaphor, metonymy, alliteration, parallel structures, rhetorical questions, etc. to enhance the persuasiveness of the President's speeches. These devices contribute to the overall impact of his messages.
The portrayal of women in the media has always been a topic of debate. However, an overlooked iss... more The portrayal of women in the media has always been a topic of debate. However, an overlooked issue is the use of specific terms to classify women based on their physical appearance. This article highlights the problematic nature of using certain lexemes in media discourse to categorize women based on their physical appearance. The language used in media discourse reflects and reinforces societal norms and values, and therefore plays a significant role in shaping our perceptions of gender roles and expectations. The use of objectifying and stereotypical language to describe women not only perpetuates gender-based violence and discrimination, but also reinforces the idea that women's worth is based solely on their physical appearance, perpetuating unrealistic beauty standards that can have damaging effects on women's self-esteem and mental health. By calling attention to the harmful language used in media discourse, the article aims to encourage a more nuanced and respectful portrayal of women, one that values them for who they are as individuals, rather than their outer features. This requires media outlets to be mindful of the language they use when describing women and to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes and objectifying language that reinforces damaging gender norms. The article highlights the importance of language in shaping our perceptions of gender and calls for a more inclusive and respectful portrayal of women in media discourse. By challenging harmful lexemes and promoting more nuanced language use, we can help create a society that values women for their individuality and achievements, rather than their physical appearance. The article summarizes that the choice of particular words to refer to women reflects the cultural and social norms of a community. The group of terms that indicate physical characteristics illustrates how women are frequently evaluated and grouped based on their age, body weight, and looks. This strengthens the societal pressure for women to fit into a restricted model of attractiveness, which sustains damaging body image standards.
Idiomatic expressions not only embody popular wisdom and
timeless truths but also play a signif... more Idiomatic expressions not only embody popular wisdom and
timeless truths but also play a significant role in the realm of mass media. These
expressions, often learned during childhood, equip speakers with the ability to
effortlessly convey their thoughts in a concise and accessible manner. The use of
idiomatic expressions in mass media not only contributes to the linguistic economy
by replacing lengthy explanations with a single phrase but also enhances the
vividness and imagery of language communication.
In the English mass media, idioms are frequently employed to express attitudes
toward individuals in various ways. Some idioms express a derogatory attitude
towards a group of people. For example, certain idioms target specific groups,
portraying them in a negative light. These idioms can convey a sense of disdain,
superiority, or dismissiveness towards the targeted individuals.
Another way idioms denote derogatory attitudes is through the use of negative
connotations associated with certain professions, beliefs, or social groups.
Such idioms may suggest hidden agendas, secretive behavior, or manipulation
by individuals belonging to these groups. These idioms are used to convey
scepticism, criticism, or mistrust toward the targeted individuals.
Idioms can also carry negative evaluations based on factors such as gender,
age, race, or social status. Some idioms use derogatory language or comparisons
to belittle or mock individuals based on these attributes. Invoking such idioms,
speakers or writers express negative opinions or prejudices towards the targeted
individuals. It is worth noting that idioms denoting negative attitudes towards
males are relatively scarce compared to those targeting females. However, when
negative idioms targeting males are used, they often reinforce traditional gender
stereotypes and associate femininity with weakness or inferiority. These idioms
perpetuate gender-based discrimination and may be considered offensive.
Thus, idioms in the mass media serve as an instrument for expressing negative
attitudes towards individuals or groups. They allow for concise and impactful communication, conveying disdain, scepticism, criticism, or prejudice. However,
it is important to be mindful of the implications and potential harm caused by the
use of such idioms, particularly those perpetuating stereotypes or discriminating
against certain genders or social groups
This study provides an in-depth analysis of the cognitive metaphors employed by major English-lan... more This study provides an in-depth analysis of the cognitive metaphors employed by major English-language mass media outlets to depict the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. The research employs a corpus linguistics approach to identify and analyze the prevalent metaphors in news articles and opinion pieces from prominent news outlets. The article offers a valuable contribution to the academic discourse on the intersection of language and conflict, specifically in the context of the Ukraine-Russia war. The analysis of war-related metaphors in English mass media provides a deeper understanding of the ways in which language is used to construct and shape the conflict, and how it can influence public opinion and policymaking. The research has significant implications for a wide range of stakeholders, including scholars, journalists, policymakers, and the general public, who seek to engage with the conflict in a nuanced and informed way. By shedding light on the role of language in shaping our understanding of the conflict, this research can help promote more accurate and responsible media coverage, as well as contribute to the de-escalation of conflicts in the future. The results of the analysis indicate that the war in Ukraine is frequently represented as a game or a battle between good and evil, with Ukraine and Russia often portrayed as opposing teams. Furthermore, the conflict is frequently framed as a struggle for dominance over territory or resources, with metaphors pertaining to power, control, and ownership featuring prominently in media discourse. These findings have significant implications for the perception and comprehension of the ongoing war in Ukraine among English-speaking audiences.
The Manipulative Potential of Stylistic Means in Contemporary Media Discourse Маніпулятивний поте... more The Manipulative Potential of Stylistic Means in Contemporary Media Discourse Маніпулятивний потенціал стилістичних засобів у сучасному медіадискурсі Summary. The article considers the manipulative potential of stylistic means in modern media discourse. Media discourse is a special type of communication, characterized by high manipulative potential. Despite the abundance of relevant literature on various aspects of manipulation, the study of the mechanisms of speech influence in the media remains in high demand in linguistics. The role of stylistic means which are the basis for implementing manipulation in mass communication remains on the periphery of scholarly research. This determines the relevance of the study devoted to a comprehensive analysis of stylistic figures and tropes that are used in media discourse to manipulate information. The object of the study is the texts of online editions of English-language newspapers, exerting manipulative influence on the reader. The subject of the research is stylistic linguistic means of information manipulation in media discourse. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the means of implementation of language and speech manipulation in English-language media discourse. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that speech manipulation is a verbally expressed type of psychological influence of the sender of media discourse on its addressee, which results in the object of manipulation first having a desire or intention that is alien to him/her, leading to a certain personal benefit or psychological advantage for the manipulator.
ҐЕНДЕРНА КАТЕГОРИЗАЦІЯ ЖІНОЧИХ ПЕРСОНАЖІВ В АНГЛОМОВНОМУ МУЛЬТИПЛІКАЦІЙНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ
The article analyzes the linguistic means, cognitive mechanisms and parameters of the formation o... more The article analyzes the linguistic means, cognitive mechanisms and parameters of the formation of gender display in the process of the categorization of female characters in nimated discourse. In our study, gender is interpreted as a conventional ideological construct, which accumulates the ideas of what it means to be a man or a woman in a certain culture. Gender categorization of objects using linguistic means is embodied in the linguistic markers of generic classifi cation fi xed in the dictionary and grammar system. However, the discursive factor is extremely important in the English language, since the lack of clear grammatical markers of gender forces the communicants to rely on the context in which the representation of gender characteristics of the object is formed. Systemic language means mark the initial stage of gender categorization associated with the reference of an object to the domain of femininity or masculinity. The basic instruments of the language level, support...
Socio-Pragmatic Potential of Euphemisms in English
InterConf, 2021
The article touches upon the issue of the socio-pragmatic potential of euphemisms in English. It ... more The article touches upon the issue of the socio-pragmatic potential of euphemisms in English. It has been determined that euphemisms are associated with pragmatic reasons including politeness, discretion, taboo, the desire to disguise the negative essence of certain phenomena of reality, increasing prestige, etc. The use of euphemisms is guided by the following principles of political correctness: the principle of observing interracial and interethnic tolerance; the principle of irrelevance of the profession designation to gender identity; the principle of social acceptability of word usage.
The anthropological approach to language studies that has prevailed in the humanities, particular... more The anthropological approach to language studies that has prevailed in the humanities, particularly in linguistics in recent decades, enables to consider linguistic phenomena in close relation to a person, his/her culture, thinking, cognitive and practical activities. Modern linguistic research is characterized by an increased interest in the gender aspect of language. The aim of the paper is to consider the essence of gender-marked units and their classification. Gender-marked language units realize the associative potential reflecting the historically established content of the categories of masculinity and femininity, i.e. the conceptions of the unity of typical anatomical-biological, emotional, mental, sociocultural and psychological characteristics associated with an individual's belonging to the male or female gender [2]. А. P. Martyniuk considers gender-marked language units functioning in the discourse of the linguistic and cultural community to be the main source of sociocultural information [3]. The linguist defines the meaning of a gender-marked unit of the English language as "a frame-structured socio-cultural knowledge of the designatum, i.e. a prototypical male and female, as well as the conceptual content of cognitive categories of masculinity and femininity, metaphorically associated with the meaning in the collective consciousness of the English-speaking cultural community" [3]. A gender-marked unit is based on the cognitive evaluation of the referent on the assumption of knowledge of its compliance or noncompliance with certain gender standards [3]. Behavior patterns of men and women designated by gender-marked units are qualified on the basis of normative motivation, which is derived from his / her compliance / non-compliance with human universal and culturally specific norms within a certain normative field: moral and ethical or utilitarian, as well as compliance / non-compliance with culturally specific masculine / feminine standards, based on which these attributes or actions receive a positive, negative or neutral evaluation. Thus, compliance with norms or standards is assessed positively, while deviation is assessed negatively. Compliance with norms or standards may also be assessed in a neutral manner, expressing an indifferent attitude towards the actant [1]. A. P. Martyniuk notes that a gender-marked unit "functions in the discourse as a gender-differentiated regulatory attitude encoded in a language sign, which causes structural influence on the subject's perception of social reality and forms genderdifferentiated models of behavior" [3]. Gender-marked units are classified into nominal gender-marked units and grammatical gender-marked units. In turn, nominal units can be grouped into lexical and phraseological gender-marked units. Nominal gender-marked units include words and phrases reflecting the gender identity of the referent [3]. In accordance with the way the gender feature is expressed, linguists distinguish structurally and semantically marked nominal units [3]. Thus, semantically marked units are used primarily with male or female references, traditionally assigned to them in the English system, but they do not contain a gender marker, for example: tart-a.
The article under analysis suggests a number of possible definitions of the term discourse in Mod... more The article under analysis suggests a number of possible definitions of the term discourse in Modern linguistics. The author proposes different approaches to the discourse consideration. Special attention has been paid to discourse characteristics as well as its typology.
The article sets as its objective to examine the functioning of the conceptual sphere “human body... more The article sets as its objective to examine the functioning of the conceptual sphere “human body” as both a source domain and a target domain of the metaphor. The founding principles for the study of the metaphor as a means of verbalization of the concept HUMAN APPEARANCE are also elaborated.
The use of idioms is integral to everyday conversations, adding a sense of innovation to language... more The use of idioms is integral to everyday conversations, adding a sense of innovation to language through metaphorical and metonymical expressions. Despite their common use, defining idioms universally proves challenging due to their intricate and sometimes misleading nature. This article explores idioms through a semantic analysis, focusing on expressions associated with argument and conflict. Drawing on the works of various scholars it examines idiomatic expressions as unique linguistic constructions that elude straightforward definitions, emphasizing their pragmatic significance over lexical aspects. The literature review highlights conflicts as inherent aspects of human existence and explores how idioms serve as vehicles for expressing conflicts and arguments. The studies by Zh. Krasnobayeva-Chorna, L. Bilokonenko, I. Harbera, and E. Koliada dissect the distinctive expression of verbal aggression in Ukrainian phraseology, examine deception in phraseology, delineate lexico-semantic domains in Ukrainian and English phraseology, and classify English phraseological units capturing conflict meanings. The material and methods section outlines a semantic analysis of thirty-two idioms related to argument and conflict, sourced from the Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. These idioms are systematically categorized based on the semantic domain associated with their central terms. Definition analysis and contextual analysis elucidate the semantics, connotations, and figurative aspects embedded in these idioms. The results and discussion section presents findings on idioms categorized into semantic groups such as "Human being", "Artifacts", "Nature", "Sports and warfare", "Bible and mythology", and "Physical phenomena". Idioms related to the human body, artifacts, nature, sports, warfare, and biblical references are explored, revealing their metaphorical significance in conveying conflict-related notions. The study identifies and analyzes distinct semantic categories of idioms associated with conflict, revealing their metaphorical and figurative expressions.
This research investigates idiomatic expressions in English in the light of speech act theory, el... more This research investigates idiomatic expressions in English in the light of speech act theory, elucidating their pragmatic functions. Against the backdrop of the anthropocentric paradigm, linguistic dynamics are examined, focusing on the interrelation between language and thought, culture, society, and psychology. Pragmatics, as the analytical lens, emphasizes the significance of discerning communicative intent, establishing a vital connection to the illocutionary acts expressed by idiomatic expressions. The foundational theories of Austin and Searle in speech act theory provide the theoretical underpinning, accentuating the dual role of language and speech in both expressing propositions and performing actions. The authors of the article identify and analyze 48 idiomatic expressions, strategically categorizing them into representative, expressive, commissive, and directive speech acts. Among these, representative speech acts dominate, covering diverse functions such as describing, complaining, stating, concluding, and swearing. Expressive acts are used to convey various emotions embodied in the varieties of thanking, offering condolences, showing sympathy, expressing regret, and providing excuses, while commissive acts materialize in the forms of agreement or opposition. Directives, as a significant category, prompt specific actions from the interlocutor, represented by commands, requests, suggestions, advice, orders, invitations, warnings. This comprehensive analysis not only contributes to understanding the complex array of idiomatic expressions used in speech acts but also enhances our comprehension of their role and pragmatic function in communication. The findings resonate with contemporary research trends in linguistic analysis and pragmatics, revealing the pragmatic functions of idiomatic expressions within diverse speech acts. The implications of this research extend to enriching our understanding of the intricate connections between language and various facets of human experience, contributing to the linguistic analysis and pragmatics.
The study explores the persuasive strategies employed by President Joe Biden in his speeches rega... more The study explores the persuasive strategies employed by President Joe Biden in his speeches regarding the war in Ukraine. It identifies the use of Aristotle's rhetorical appeals, including ethos (credibility), pathos (emotion), and logos (logic), as key elements in Biden's persuasive communication. The analysis reveals that Biden employs ethos by emphasizing his credibility as a leader and his personal experiences related to the conflict. Highlighting his interactions with world leaders and his visits to Ukraine, he aims to establish trustworthiness and authority on the topic. The study identifies the use of logical appeals (logos) through the presentation of evidence, statistics, and references to authoritative sources. J. Biden reinforces his arguments with factual information to make a compelling case for supporting Ukraine and maintaining a united stance against Russia. The President strategically uses pathos to evoke emotions in his audience employing emotionally charged language, references to emotive incidents, and statements about his own feelings to connect with the audience emotionally. This emotional appeal is intended to mobilize support for Ukraine and condemn Russian aggression. The analysis also highlights the use of various stylistic devices, such as metaphor, metonymy, alliteration, parallel structures, rhetorical questions, etc. to enhance the persuasiveness of the President's speeches. These devices contribute to the overall impact of his messages.
The portrayal of women in the media has always been a topic of debate. However, an overlooked iss... more The portrayal of women in the media has always been a topic of debate. However, an overlooked issue is the use of specific terms to classify women based on their physical appearance. This article highlights the problematic nature of using certain lexemes in media discourse to categorize women based on their physical appearance. The language used in media discourse reflects and reinforces societal norms and values, and therefore plays a significant role in shaping our perceptions of gender roles and expectations. The use of objectifying and stereotypical language to describe women not only perpetuates gender-based violence and discrimination, but also reinforces the idea that women's worth is based solely on their physical appearance, perpetuating unrealistic beauty standards that can have damaging effects on women's self-esteem and mental health. By calling attention to the harmful language used in media discourse, the article aims to encourage a more nuanced and respectful portrayal of women, one that values them for who they are as individuals, rather than their outer features. This requires media outlets to be mindful of the language they use when describing women and to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes and objectifying language that reinforces damaging gender norms. The article highlights the importance of language in shaping our perceptions of gender and calls for a more inclusive and respectful portrayal of women in media discourse. By challenging harmful lexemes and promoting more nuanced language use, we can help create a society that values women for their individuality and achievements, rather than their physical appearance. The article summarizes that the choice of particular words to refer to women reflects the cultural and social norms of a community. The group of terms that indicate physical characteristics illustrates how women are frequently evaluated and grouped based on their age, body weight, and looks. This strengthens the societal pressure for women to fit into a restricted model of attractiveness, which sustains damaging body image standards.
Idiomatic expressions not only embody popular wisdom and
timeless truths but also play a signif... more Idiomatic expressions not only embody popular wisdom and
timeless truths but also play a significant role in the realm of mass media. These
expressions, often learned during childhood, equip speakers with the ability to
effortlessly convey their thoughts in a concise and accessible manner. The use of
idiomatic expressions in mass media not only contributes to the linguistic economy
by replacing lengthy explanations with a single phrase but also enhances the
vividness and imagery of language communication.
In the English mass media, idioms are frequently employed to express attitudes
toward individuals in various ways. Some idioms express a derogatory attitude
towards a group of people. For example, certain idioms target specific groups,
portraying them in a negative light. These idioms can convey a sense of disdain,
superiority, or dismissiveness towards the targeted individuals.
Another way idioms denote derogatory attitudes is through the use of negative
connotations associated with certain professions, beliefs, or social groups.
Such idioms may suggest hidden agendas, secretive behavior, or manipulation
by individuals belonging to these groups. These idioms are used to convey
scepticism, criticism, or mistrust toward the targeted individuals.
Idioms can also carry negative evaluations based on factors such as gender,
age, race, or social status. Some idioms use derogatory language or comparisons
to belittle or mock individuals based on these attributes. Invoking such idioms,
speakers or writers express negative opinions or prejudices towards the targeted
individuals. It is worth noting that idioms denoting negative attitudes towards
males are relatively scarce compared to those targeting females. However, when
negative idioms targeting males are used, they often reinforce traditional gender
stereotypes and associate femininity with weakness or inferiority. These idioms
perpetuate gender-based discrimination and may be considered offensive.
Thus, idioms in the mass media serve as an instrument for expressing negative
attitudes towards individuals or groups. They allow for concise and impactful communication, conveying disdain, scepticism, criticism, or prejudice. However,
it is important to be mindful of the implications and potential harm caused by the
use of such idioms, particularly those perpetuating stereotypes or discriminating
against certain genders or social groups
This study provides an in-depth analysis of the cognitive metaphors employed by major English-lan... more This study provides an in-depth analysis of the cognitive metaphors employed by major English-language mass media outlets to depict the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. The research employs a corpus linguistics approach to identify and analyze the prevalent metaphors in news articles and opinion pieces from prominent news outlets. The article offers a valuable contribution to the academic discourse on the intersection of language and conflict, specifically in the context of the Ukraine-Russia war. The analysis of war-related metaphors in English mass media provides a deeper understanding of the ways in which language is used to construct and shape the conflict, and how it can influence public opinion and policymaking. The research has significant implications for a wide range of stakeholders, including scholars, journalists, policymakers, and the general public, who seek to engage with the conflict in a nuanced and informed way. By shedding light on the role of language in shaping our understanding of the conflict, this research can help promote more accurate and responsible media coverage, as well as contribute to the de-escalation of conflicts in the future. The results of the analysis indicate that the war in Ukraine is frequently represented as a game or a battle between good and evil, with Ukraine and Russia often portrayed as opposing teams. Furthermore, the conflict is frequently framed as a struggle for dominance over territory or resources, with metaphors pertaining to power, control, and ownership featuring prominently in media discourse. These findings have significant implications for the perception and comprehension of the ongoing war in Ukraine among English-speaking audiences.
The Manipulative Potential of Stylistic Means in Contemporary Media Discourse Маніпулятивний поте... more The Manipulative Potential of Stylistic Means in Contemporary Media Discourse Маніпулятивний потенціал стилістичних засобів у сучасному медіадискурсі Summary. The article considers the manipulative potential of stylistic means in modern media discourse. Media discourse is a special type of communication, characterized by high manipulative potential. Despite the abundance of relevant literature on various aspects of manipulation, the study of the mechanisms of speech influence in the media remains in high demand in linguistics. The role of stylistic means which are the basis for implementing manipulation in mass communication remains on the periphery of scholarly research. This determines the relevance of the study devoted to a comprehensive analysis of stylistic figures and tropes that are used in media discourse to manipulate information. The object of the study is the texts of online editions of English-language newspapers, exerting manipulative influence on the reader. The subject of the research is stylistic linguistic means of information manipulation in media discourse. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the means of implementation of language and speech manipulation in English-language media discourse. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that speech manipulation is a verbally expressed type of psychological influence of the sender of media discourse on its addressee, which results in the object of manipulation first having a desire or intention that is alien to him/her, leading to a certain personal benefit or psychological advantage for the manipulator.
ҐЕНДЕРНА КАТЕГОРИЗАЦІЯ ЖІНОЧИХ ПЕРСОНАЖІВ В АНГЛОМОВНОМУ МУЛЬТИПЛІКАЦІЙНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ
The article analyzes the linguistic means, cognitive mechanisms and parameters of the formation o... more The article analyzes the linguistic means, cognitive mechanisms and parameters of the formation of gender display in the process of the categorization of female characters in nimated discourse. In our study, gender is interpreted as a conventional ideological construct, which accumulates the ideas of what it means to be a man or a woman in a certain culture. Gender categorization of objects using linguistic means is embodied in the linguistic markers of generic classifi cation fi xed in the dictionary and grammar system. However, the discursive factor is extremely important in the English language, since the lack of clear grammatical markers of gender forces the communicants to rely on the context in which the representation of gender characteristics of the object is formed. Systemic language means mark the initial stage of gender categorization associated with the reference of an object to the domain of femininity or masculinity. The basic instruments of the language level, support...
Socio-Pragmatic Potential of Euphemisms in English
InterConf, 2021
The article touches upon the issue of the socio-pragmatic potential of euphemisms in English. It ... more The article touches upon the issue of the socio-pragmatic potential of euphemisms in English. It has been determined that euphemisms are associated with pragmatic reasons including politeness, discretion, taboo, the desire to disguise the negative essence of certain phenomena of reality, increasing prestige, etc. The use of euphemisms is guided by the following principles of political correctness: the principle of observing interracial and interethnic tolerance; the principle of irrelevance of the profession designation to gender identity; the principle of social acceptability of word usage.
The anthropological approach to language studies that has prevailed in the humanities, particular... more The anthropological approach to language studies that has prevailed in the humanities, particularly in linguistics in recent decades, enables to consider linguistic phenomena in close relation to a person, his/her culture, thinking, cognitive and practical activities. Modern linguistic research is characterized by an increased interest in the gender aspect of language. The aim of the paper is to consider the essence of gender-marked units and their classification. Gender-marked language units realize the associative potential reflecting the historically established content of the categories of masculinity and femininity, i.e. the conceptions of the unity of typical anatomical-biological, emotional, mental, sociocultural and psychological characteristics associated with an individual's belonging to the male or female gender [2]. А. P. Martyniuk considers gender-marked language units functioning in the discourse of the linguistic and cultural community to be the main source of sociocultural information [3]. The linguist defines the meaning of a gender-marked unit of the English language as "a frame-structured socio-cultural knowledge of the designatum, i.e. a prototypical male and female, as well as the conceptual content of cognitive categories of masculinity and femininity, metaphorically associated with the meaning in the collective consciousness of the English-speaking cultural community" [3]. A gender-marked unit is based on the cognitive evaluation of the referent on the assumption of knowledge of its compliance or noncompliance with certain gender standards [3]. Behavior patterns of men and women designated by gender-marked units are qualified on the basis of normative motivation, which is derived from his / her compliance / non-compliance with human universal and culturally specific norms within a certain normative field: moral and ethical or utilitarian, as well as compliance / non-compliance with culturally specific masculine / feminine standards, based on which these attributes or actions receive a positive, negative or neutral evaluation. Thus, compliance with norms or standards is assessed positively, while deviation is assessed negatively. Compliance with norms or standards may also be assessed in a neutral manner, expressing an indifferent attitude towards the actant [1]. A. P. Martyniuk notes that a gender-marked unit "functions in the discourse as a gender-differentiated regulatory attitude encoded in a language sign, which causes structural influence on the subject's perception of social reality and forms genderdifferentiated models of behavior" [3]. Gender-marked units are classified into nominal gender-marked units and grammatical gender-marked units. In turn, nominal units can be grouped into lexical and phraseological gender-marked units. Nominal gender-marked units include words and phrases reflecting the gender identity of the referent [3]. In accordance with the way the gender feature is expressed, linguists distinguish structurally and semantically marked nominal units [3]. Thus, semantically marked units are used primarily with male or female references, traditionally assigned to them in the English system, but they do not contain a gender marker, for example: tart-a.
The article under analysis suggests a number of possible definitions of the term discourse in Mod... more The article under analysis suggests a number of possible definitions of the term discourse in Modern linguistics. The author proposes different approaches to the discourse consideration. Special attention has been paid to discourse characteristics as well as its typology.
The article sets as its objective to examine the functioning of the conceptual sphere “human body... more The article sets as its objective to examine the functioning of the conceptual sphere “human body” as both a source domain and a target domain of the metaphor. The founding principles for the study of the metaphor as a means of verbalization of the concept HUMAN APPEARANCE are also elaborated.
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timeless truths but also play a significant role in the realm of mass media. These
expressions, often learned during childhood, equip speakers with the ability to
effortlessly convey their thoughts in a concise and accessible manner. The use of
idiomatic expressions in mass media not only contributes to the linguistic economy
by replacing lengthy explanations with a single phrase but also enhances the
vividness and imagery of language communication.
In the English mass media, idioms are frequently employed to express attitudes
toward individuals in various ways. Some idioms express a derogatory attitude
towards a group of people. For example, certain idioms target specific groups,
portraying them in a negative light. These idioms can convey a sense of disdain,
superiority, or dismissiveness towards the targeted individuals.
Another way idioms denote derogatory attitudes is through the use of negative
connotations associated with certain professions, beliefs, or social groups.
Such idioms may suggest hidden agendas, secretive behavior, or manipulation
by individuals belonging to these groups. These idioms are used to convey
scepticism, criticism, or mistrust toward the targeted individuals.
Idioms can also carry negative evaluations based on factors such as gender,
age, race, or social status. Some idioms use derogatory language or comparisons
to belittle or mock individuals based on these attributes. Invoking such idioms,
speakers or writers express negative opinions or prejudices towards the targeted
individuals. It is worth noting that idioms denoting negative attitudes towards
males are relatively scarce compared to those targeting females. However, when
negative idioms targeting males are used, they often reinforce traditional gender
stereotypes and associate femininity with weakness or inferiority. These idioms
perpetuate gender-based discrimination and may be considered offensive.
Thus, idioms in the mass media serve as an instrument for expressing negative
attitudes towards individuals or groups. They allow for concise and impactful communication, conveying disdain, scepticism, criticism, or prejudice. However,
it is important to be mindful of the implications and potential harm caused by the
use of such idioms, particularly those perpetuating stereotypes or discriminating
against certain genders or social groups
has been paid to discourse characteristics as well as its typology.
timeless truths but also play a significant role in the realm of mass media. These
expressions, often learned during childhood, equip speakers with the ability to
effortlessly convey their thoughts in a concise and accessible manner. The use of
idiomatic expressions in mass media not only contributes to the linguistic economy
by replacing lengthy explanations with a single phrase but also enhances the
vividness and imagery of language communication.
In the English mass media, idioms are frequently employed to express attitudes
toward individuals in various ways. Some idioms express a derogatory attitude
towards a group of people. For example, certain idioms target specific groups,
portraying them in a negative light. These idioms can convey a sense of disdain,
superiority, or dismissiveness towards the targeted individuals.
Another way idioms denote derogatory attitudes is through the use of negative
connotations associated with certain professions, beliefs, or social groups.
Such idioms may suggest hidden agendas, secretive behavior, or manipulation
by individuals belonging to these groups. These idioms are used to convey
scepticism, criticism, or mistrust toward the targeted individuals.
Idioms can also carry negative evaluations based on factors such as gender,
age, race, or social status. Some idioms use derogatory language or comparisons
to belittle or mock individuals based on these attributes. Invoking such idioms,
speakers or writers express negative opinions or prejudices towards the targeted
individuals. It is worth noting that idioms denoting negative attitudes towards
males are relatively scarce compared to those targeting females. However, when
negative idioms targeting males are used, they often reinforce traditional gender
stereotypes and associate femininity with weakness or inferiority. These idioms
perpetuate gender-based discrimination and may be considered offensive.
Thus, idioms in the mass media serve as an instrument for expressing negative
attitudes towards individuals or groups. They allow for concise and impactful communication, conveying disdain, scepticism, criticism, or prejudice. However,
it is important to be mindful of the implications and potential harm caused by the
use of such idioms, particularly those perpetuating stereotypes or discriminating
against certain genders or social groups
has been paid to discourse characteristics as well as its typology.