Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 2017
Streszczenie: Celem opracowania jest ocena zróżnicowania rozwoju województw Polski w latach 2010-... more Streszczenie: Celem opracowania jest ocena zróżnicowania rozwoju województw Polski w latach 2010-2014 w kontekście kształtowania się ładu instytucjonalnego. Analizę wyników opisujących poziom rozwoju instytucjonalnego przeprowadzono w ujęciu czasowo--przestrzennym. Wyznaczono wartości miernika rozwoju oraz zbudowano rankingi województw w latach 2010-2014 z wykorzystaniem metody TOPSIS ze wspólnym wzorcem rozwoju. Zaproponowano modyfikację tej metody, pozwalającą na pominięcie w konstrukcji wzorca i antywzorca wartości oddalonych cech diagnostycznych. W ujęciu czasowym dokonano oceny postępów województw w kierunku zrównoważonego rozwoju w zakresie po-Ewa Roszkowska i in. ziom rozwoju instytucjonalnego w 2014 roku w odniesieniu do 2010 roku. Przeprowadzono dyskusję wyników otrzymanych za pomocą obu procedur TOPSIS.
Lecture notes in business information processing, 2018
In this paper we analyze some problems related to the design and analysis of the inter- and intra... more In this paper we analyze some problems related to the design and analysis of the inter- and intra-cultural online negotiation experiments in which university students participate. We discuss factors that may impact the negotiation performance. Apart from national culture, which is an evident factor the impact of which is traditionally measured in cross-country negotiations, we discuss also the potential influences of university or students’ individual or group culture. When analyzing the negotiation performance, we focus not only on the bargaining process, but also on the pre-negotiation preparation. The paper provides a statistical analysis of the negotiation experiments organized in Inspire, which – unfortunately – were not designed to study all the issues raised in the paper, yet allow us to capture some of the ideas and notions discussed.
Lecture notes in business information processing, 2017
In this paper we analyze the problem of recognizing the cognitive heuristics, in particular the e... more In this paper we analyze the problem of recognizing the cognitive heuristics, in particular the errors of perception and information processing, and their impact on the activities of negotiators undertaken in the prenegotiation phase to define, structure and analyze the negotiation problem. We focus on evaluating and analyzing the impact of scaling biases on the accuracy and concordance of negotiation offer scoring systems with the preferential information provided to negotiating agents by their principals. In our study we use the dataset of bilateral electronic negotiations conducted by means of Inspire negotiation support system, which provides users with decision support tools for preference based on direct rating approach. The results of experiments confirm the necessity of building the heuristics-sensitive decision support tools for negotiation support.
International Transactions in Operational Research, Jul 3, 2023
This paper investigates the problem of defining the weights in multiple criteria decision‐making ... more This paper investigates the problem of defining the weights in multiple criteria decision‐making analysis. In particular, we analyze if weights determined by decision makers (DMs) using the classic analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach can be reproduced using more straightforward direct linguistic weights declarations (DLWD). Using the dataset from an online decision‐making experiment, we analyze the concordance of systems of weights obtained by DMs from AHP and DLWD. Applying optimization models, we check if the discrepancies between the AHP and DLWD weights result from (a) inefficiently declared mixes of linguistic labels in the symmetrically distributed scale or (b) using the unbalanced linguistic term set by DMs. The main findings are that the systems of weights obtained by DMs in the experiment from AHP and DLWD differ significantly. While using DLWD, most DMs defined criteria ranks contradictory to those resulting from AHP. They avoided extensive use of extreme labels from the 7‐point scale. The optimization results show that DLWD based on the symmetric scale might produce the most similar weights to AHP if a full range of linguistic terms was used, not only the intermediate ones. The differences in DMs’ cognitive profiles seem not to affect the results.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 2015
Wersja pierwotna: publikacja drukowana Zamówienia na opublikowane prace należy składać na adres: ... more Wersja pierwotna: publikacja drukowana Zamówienia na opublikowane prace należy składać na adres: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu tel.
Powodzenie ekonomiczne inwestycji w sektorze przedsiębiorstw jest obarczone różnymi czynnikami ry... more Powodzenie ekonomiczne inwestycji w sektorze przedsiębiorstw jest obarczone różnymi czynnikami ryzyka. Ocena wniosku o udzielenie kredytu lub dofinansowanie projektu inwestycyjnego jest złożonym problemem, wymagającym wnikliwej i wielokryterialnej analizy. Przy czym zadanie jest jeszcze trudniejsze, gdy dotyczy oceny wniosków przedsiębiorstw dopiero zaczynających swoją działalność. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano autorską propozycję modelu wielokryterialnego oceny wniosków dotacyjnych oraz pożyczkowych przedsiębiorstw rozpoczynających działalność gospodarczą opartą na metodzie UTA (Utility Additive) uwzględniającą trzy kryteria: doświadczenie zawodowe osoby planującej rozpoczęcie działalności gospodarczej, ocenę biznes planu przedsięwzięcia oraz ocenę dotychczasowej współpracy z bankami wnioskodawcy. Na wstępie opisano zbiór referencyjny będący podzbiorem wariantów decyzyjnych, na którym wyznaczono preporządek zupełny na podstawie wiedzy eksperckiej. Metodę UTA wykorzystano następnie do budowy modelu, który umożliwia ocenę decyzji na całym zbiorze wariantów. Użyteczność modelu została zweryfikowana z wykorzystaniem danych z wniosków pożyczkowych w Funduszu Przyjaznym Przedsiębiorczości działającym w jednym z banków spółdzielczych w województwie podlaskim. Słowa kluczowe: metoda UTA, dezagregacja preferencji, zbiór referencyjny, wniosek kredytowy, finansowanie startupów Companies starting their business activity have the opportunity to obtain start-up funding using various financial instruments. Due to the fact that start-ups are new entities without any history of operations, the evaluation of support applications is a difficult task and requires taking into account a large range of expert knowledge. The paper presents a multi-criteria model of evaluation of grant and loan applications submitted by companies commencing business activity, based on the UTA method. This model takes into account three criteria: professional experience of the person planning to start a business, assessment of business plan
In this paper, one of the multi-criteria models in making decision, a Technique for Order Prefere... more In this paper, one of the multi-criteria models in making decision, a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), is described. Some of the advantages of TOPSIS methods are: simplicity, rationality, comprehensibility, good computational efficiency and ability to measure the relative performance for each alternative in a simple mathematical form. The paper has a review character. It systematises the knowledge within the scope of techniques of decision taking with the use of the TOPSIS method. Simple numerical examples that reference real situations show practical applications of different aspects of this method. The paper is organized as follows. The Introduction presents a short overview of the decision making steps as well as MCDM techniques. Section 1 presents matrix representation of the MCDM problem. Section 2 describes the TOPSIS procedure for crisp data, and Section 3 for interval data. The TOPSIS algorithm in group decision environment in the case of crisp and interval data is also presented. In Section 4 the problem of qualitative data in TOPSIS model is discussed. The numerical examples showing applications of those techniques in the negotiation process are presented in Section 5. Finally, conclusions and some concluding remarks are made in last section.
The main goal of the paper is presentation some possibilities of application ordered fuzzy number... more The main goal of the paper is presentation some possibilities of application ordered fuzzy numbers in multi-criteria decision making. In the paper we present several examples of interpretation ordering fuzzy numbers, propositions application ordered fuzzy numbers in multi-criteria decision making for representation type of criterion as well verbal description. The fuzzy saw and fuzzy TOPSIS methods based on ordered fuzzy numbers were presented. The paper have a methodological character and can inspire to future research concerning application ordered numbers in multi-criteria decision making.
Lecture notes in business information processing, 2017
In this paper we analyze how some notions of Item Response Theory (IRT) may be used to analyze th... more In this paper we analyze how some notions of Item Response Theory (IRT) may be used to analyze the process of scoring the negotiation template and building the negotiation offer scoring system. In particular we focus on evaluating and analyzing the accuracy and concordance of such scoring systems with the preferential information provided to negotiators by the represented party. In our research we use the dataset of bilateral electronic negotiations conducted by means of Inspire negotiation support system, which provides users with decision support tools for preference analysis and scoring system building based on SMART/SAW method. IRT allows us to consider how the potential accuracy of individual scoring systems can be explained by both negotiators' intrinsic abilities to use decision support tool and understand the scoring mechanism, and the difficulty of applying this scoring mechanism.
Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 2018
This paper analyzes the agents’ predisposition to produce round numbers during preference elicita... more This paper analyzes the agents’ predisposition to produce round numbers during preference elicitation of the pre-negotiation phase. The agents negotiate on behalf of their principals and are asked to use information presented in terms of bar graphs and text to provide their principals’ preferences numerically. In doing that, they tend to use round numbers more often than sharp numbers. Also, more agents use round numbers than sharp numbers, however, the majority of agents use a mix of numbers. The results show that the increased use of round numbers results in greater inaccuracy; the most accurate are agents who use a mix or round and sharp numbers.
When evaluating or ordering alternatives concerning given multiple criteria, decision-makers ofte... more When evaluating or ordering alternatives concerning given multiple criteria, decision-makers often use aspiration and reservation levels for criteria, which allows them to define some reference alternatives that build a common framework for the evaluation. In this paper, new multiple criteria approach, called distances to aspiration reference points (DARP), is presented, which can be implemented in a specific evaluation or ranking problem when many different aspiration levels should be taken into consideration. One example of such problem is measuring sustainable development of countries or states within the Union. In DARP, to measure the performance of alternative (state), the notion of distances between alternative and individual or common aspiration reference points is used. To manage the problem of different reference points, a modified max-min normalisation technique is proposed. DARP application for measuring smart growth of the EU countries is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 2017
Streszczenie: Celem opracowania jest ocena zróżnicowania rozwoju województw Polski w latach 2010-... more Streszczenie: Celem opracowania jest ocena zróżnicowania rozwoju województw Polski w latach 2010-2014 w kontekście kształtowania się ładu instytucjonalnego. Analizę wyników opisujących poziom rozwoju instytucjonalnego przeprowadzono w ujęciu czasowo--przestrzennym. Wyznaczono wartości miernika rozwoju oraz zbudowano rankingi województw w latach 2010-2014 z wykorzystaniem metody TOPSIS ze wspólnym wzorcem rozwoju. Zaproponowano modyfikację tej metody, pozwalającą na pominięcie w konstrukcji wzorca i antywzorca wartości oddalonych cech diagnostycznych. W ujęciu czasowym dokonano oceny postępów województw w kierunku zrównoważonego rozwoju w zakresie po-Ewa Roszkowska i in. ziom rozwoju instytucjonalnego w 2014 roku w odniesieniu do 2010 roku. Przeprowadzono dyskusję wyników otrzymanych za pomocą obu procedur TOPSIS.
Lecture notes in business information processing, 2018
In this paper we analyze some problems related to the design and analysis of the inter- and intra... more In this paper we analyze some problems related to the design and analysis of the inter- and intra-cultural online negotiation experiments in which university students participate. We discuss factors that may impact the negotiation performance. Apart from national culture, which is an evident factor the impact of which is traditionally measured in cross-country negotiations, we discuss also the potential influences of university or students’ individual or group culture. When analyzing the negotiation performance, we focus not only on the bargaining process, but also on the pre-negotiation preparation. The paper provides a statistical analysis of the negotiation experiments organized in Inspire, which – unfortunately – were not designed to study all the issues raised in the paper, yet allow us to capture some of the ideas and notions discussed.
Lecture notes in business information processing, 2017
In this paper we analyze the problem of recognizing the cognitive heuristics, in particular the e... more In this paper we analyze the problem of recognizing the cognitive heuristics, in particular the errors of perception and information processing, and their impact on the activities of negotiators undertaken in the prenegotiation phase to define, structure and analyze the negotiation problem. We focus on evaluating and analyzing the impact of scaling biases on the accuracy and concordance of negotiation offer scoring systems with the preferential information provided to negotiating agents by their principals. In our study we use the dataset of bilateral electronic negotiations conducted by means of Inspire negotiation support system, which provides users with decision support tools for preference based on direct rating approach. The results of experiments confirm the necessity of building the heuristics-sensitive decision support tools for negotiation support.
International Transactions in Operational Research, Jul 3, 2023
This paper investigates the problem of defining the weights in multiple criteria decision‐making ... more This paper investigates the problem of defining the weights in multiple criteria decision‐making analysis. In particular, we analyze if weights determined by decision makers (DMs) using the classic analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach can be reproduced using more straightforward direct linguistic weights declarations (DLWD). Using the dataset from an online decision‐making experiment, we analyze the concordance of systems of weights obtained by DMs from AHP and DLWD. Applying optimization models, we check if the discrepancies between the AHP and DLWD weights result from (a) inefficiently declared mixes of linguistic labels in the symmetrically distributed scale or (b) using the unbalanced linguistic term set by DMs. The main findings are that the systems of weights obtained by DMs in the experiment from AHP and DLWD differ significantly. While using DLWD, most DMs defined criteria ranks contradictory to those resulting from AHP. They avoided extensive use of extreme labels from the 7‐point scale. The optimization results show that DLWD based on the symmetric scale might produce the most similar weights to AHP if a full range of linguistic terms was used, not only the intermediate ones. The differences in DMs’ cognitive profiles seem not to affect the results.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 2015
Wersja pierwotna: publikacja drukowana Zamówienia na opublikowane prace należy składać na adres: ... more Wersja pierwotna: publikacja drukowana Zamówienia na opublikowane prace należy składać na adres: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu tel.
Powodzenie ekonomiczne inwestycji w sektorze przedsiębiorstw jest obarczone różnymi czynnikami ry... more Powodzenie ekonomiczne inwestycji w sektorze przedsiębiorstw jest obarczone różnymi czynnikami ryzyka. Ocena wniosku o udzielenie kredytu lub dofinansowanie projektu inwestycyjnego jest złożonym problemem, wymagającym wnikliwej i wielokryterialnej analizy. Przy czym zadanie jest jeszcze trudniejsze, gdy dotyczy oceny wniosków przedsiębiorstw dopiero zaczynających swoją działalność. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano autorską propozycję modelu wielokryterialnego oceny wniosków dotacyjnych oraz pożyczkowych przedsiębiorstw rozpoczynających działalność gospodarczą opartą na metodzie UTA (Utility Additive) uwzględniającą trzy kryteria: doświadczenie zawodowe osoby planującej rozpoczęcie działalności gospodarczej, ocenę biznes planu przedsięwzięcia oraz ocenę dotychczasowej współpracy z bankami wnioskodawcy. Na wstępie opisano zbiór referencyjny będący podzbiorem wariantów decyzyjnych, na którym wyznaczono preporządek zupełny na podstawie wiedzy eksperckiej. Metodę UTA wykorzystano następnie do budowy modelu, który umożliwia ocenę decyzji na całym zbiorze wariantów. Użyteczność modelu została zweryfikowana z wykorzystaniem danych z wniosków pożyczkowych w Funduszu Przyjaznym Przedsiębiorczości działającym w jednym z banków spółdzielczych w województwie podlaskim. Słowa kluczowe: metoda UTA, dezagregacja preferencji, zbiór referencyjny, wniosek kredytowy, finansowanie startupów Companies starting their business activity have the opportunity to obtain start-up funding using various financial instruments. Due to the fact that start-ups are new entities without any history of operations, the evaluation of support applications is a difficult task and requires taking into account a large range of expert knowledge. The paper presents a multi-criteria model of evaluation of grant and loan applications submitted by companies commencing business activity, based on the UTA method. This model takes into account three criteria: professional experience of the person planning to start a business, assessment of business plan
In this paper, one of the multi-criteria models in making decision, a Technique for Order Prefere... more In this paper, one of the multi-criteria models in making decision, a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), is described. Some of the advantages of TOPSIS methods are: simplicity, rationality, comprehensibility, good computational efficiency and ability to measure the relative performance for each alternative in a simple mathematical form. The paper has a review character. It systematises the knowledge within the scope of techniques of decision taking with the use of the TOPSIS method. Simple numerical examples that reference real situations show practical applications of different aspects of this method. The paper is organized as follows. The Introduction presents a short overview of the decision making steps as well as MCDM techniques. Section 1 presents matrix representation of the MCDM problem. Section 2 describes the TOPSIS procedure for crisp data, and Section 3 for interval data. The TOPSIS algorithm in group decision environment in the case of crisp and interval data is also presented. In Section 4 the problem of qualitative data in TOPSIS model is discussed. The numerical examples showing applications of those techniques in the negotiation process are presented in Section 5. Finally, conclusions and some concluding remarks are made in last section.
The main goal of the paper is presentation some possibilities of application ordered fuzzy number... more The main goal of the paper is presentation some possibilities of application ordered fuzzy numbers in multi-criteria decision making. In the paper we present several examples of interpretation ordering fuzzy numbers, propositions application ordered fuzzy numbers in multi-criteria decision making for representation type of criterion as well verbal description. The fuzzy saw and fuzzy TOPSIS methods based on ordered fuzzy numbers were presented. The paper have a methodological character and can inspire to future research concerning application ordered numbers in multi-criteria decision making.
Lecture notes in business information processing, 2017
In this paper we analyze how some notions of Item Response Theory (IRT) may be used to analyze th... more In this paper we analyze how some notions of Item Response Theory (IRT) may be used to analyze the process of scoring the negotiation template and building the negotiation offer scoring system. In particular we focus on evaluating and analyzing the accuracy and concordance of such scoring systems with the preferential information provided to negotiators by the represented party. In our research we use the dataset of bilateral electronic negotiations conducted by means of Inspire negotiation support system, which provides users with decision support tools for preference analysis and scoring system building based on SMART/SAW method. IRT allows us to consider how the potential accuracy of individual scoring systems can be explained by both negotiators' intrinsic abilities to use decision support tool and understand the scoring mechanism, and the difficulty of applying this scoring mechanism.
Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 2018
This paper analyzes the agents’ predisposition to produce round numbers during preference elicita... more This paper analyzes the agents’ predisposition to produce round numbers during preference elicitation of the pre-negotiation phase. The agents negotiate on behalf of their principals and are asked to use information presented in terms of bar graphs and text to provide their principals’ preferences numerically. In doing that, they tend to use round numbers more often than sharp numbers. Also, more agents use round numbers than sharp numbers, however, the majority of agents use a mix of numbers. The results show that the increased use of round numbers results in greater inaccuracy; the most accurate are agents who use a mix or round and sharp numbers.
When evaluating or ordering alternatives concerning given multiple criteria, decision-makers ofte... more When evaluating or ordering alternatives concerning given multiple criteria, decision-makers often use aspiration and reservation levels for criteria, which allows them to define some reference alternatives that build a common framework for the evaluation. In this paper, new multiple criteria approach, called distances to aspiration reference points (DARP), is presented, which can be implemented in a specific evaluation or ranking problem when many different aspiration levels should be taken into consideration. One example of such problem is measuring sustainable development of countries or states within the Union. In DARP, to measure the performance of alternative (state), the notion of distances between alternative and individual or common aspiration reference points is used. To manage the problem of different reference points, a modified max-min normalisation technique is proposed. DARP application for measuring smart growth of the EU countries is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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