Papers by Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
The preliminary report from fieldwork conducted in 2019-2020 at Soba East (remains of the capital... more The preliminary report from fieldwork conducted in 2019-2020 at Soba East (remains of the capital city of the medieval kingdom of Alwa). The report was written for the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums of Sudan in January 2020.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
Burial structures and the assemblages found inside them at the site of el-Detti, about 13 km down... more Burial structures and the assemblages found inside them at the site of el-Detti, about 13 km downstream from Karima and 7 km upstream from el-Zuma, were explored in 2014 and 2015 by a joint team from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw and the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums of Sudan. The aim was to enable comparison with the excavated burials at el-Zuma, a nearby tumuli field explored by the Early Makuria Research Project in recent years. Special attention was paid to metal artifacts from the tombs (studied in the appendix), which contribute to a better understanding of the local social and cultural traditions. The focus of the Early Makuria Research Project on examining the mortuary customs at el-Detti has helped to identify the burial practices of Early Makurian society and to trace the spread of Early Makurian society over time.
African Archaeological Review
Recent research at Soba focuses on the tangible and intangible heritage of the medieval capital o... more Recent research at Soba focuses on the tangible and intangible heritage of the medieval capital of Alwa kingdom, whose remains cover approximately 275 ha. About 222 ha of this area has been built up or transformed into agricultural land in the past 30 years. An ethnographic survey was also carried out in the built-up area to understand how the residents engage with the archaeological heritage and material remains. The undeveloped area of the capital (53 ha) was the focus of interdisciplinary archaeological fieldwork conducted in 2019 and 2020. A large-scale geophysical survey, using a fluxgate gradiometer and ground-penetrating radar, was initiated in the undeveloped area, and excavation trenches were opened to verify distinctive magnetic anomalies. Along with the ethnographic and geophysical data, the study of the pottery, burials, and stratigraphic sequence (supplemented with radiocarbon dates) provides new insights into the spatial organization of the medieval capital.
The Asyut Project: Twelfth Season of Fieldwork (2016)
STUDIEN ZUR ALTÄGYPTISCHEN KULTUR 46, 2017
This report refers to the different tasks of fieldwork in the necropolis of Asyut (Gebel Asyut al... more This report refers to the different tasks of fieldwork in the necropolis of Asyut (Gebel Asyut al-gharbi). It focus-es on the scattered façade and entrance of Tomb V (M11.1), the architecture and pottery of the main shaft of Tomb I (P10.1), Geological Step 3, as well as on Late Roman pottery.
PAM 25 (Research), 2016
Burial structures and the assemblages found inside them at the site of El-Detti, about 13 km down... more Burial structures and the assemblages found inside them at the site of El-Detti, about 13 km downstream from Karima and 7 km upstream from El-Zuma, were explored in 2014 and 2015 by a joint team from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw and the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums of Sudan. The aim was to enable comparison with the excavated burials at El-Zuma, a nearby tumuli field explored by the Early Makuria Research Project in recentyears. Special attention was paid to metal artifacts from the tombs (studied in the appendix), which contribute to a better understanding of the local social and cultural traditions. The focus of the Early Makuria Research Project on examining the mortuary customs at El Detti has helped to identify the burial practices of Early Makurian society and to trace the spread of Early Makurian society over time.
![Research paper thumbnail of The Asyut Project: Eleventh Season of Fieldwork (2014) [Painted pottery from the so-called “Hogarth Depot“ in Tomb IV of the Asyut necropolis]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53284285/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SAK, 2015
This report refers to the different tasks of fieldwork in the necropolis of Asyut. The southern p... more This report refers to the different tasks of fieldwork in the necropolis of Asyut. The southern part of the first hallof Tomb I was completely cleaned. Several shafts were found, which belong to the tomb. Late Middle Kingdom vessels in shaft 3 are a hint at the veneration of Djefai-Hapi I as a saint. In addition, shafts in close vicinity to the tomb were uncovered. One of them, Tomb P10.4, shows a small cluster of pottery belonging to the Middle Kingdom and a much larger group from the late New Kingdom. In addition, the skeletal remains of ten humans found in this shaft were studied. For the first time, a Naqada I-IIa-b pottery fragment was recovered, providing evidence for the existence of the necropolis already during this period. In Tomb M12.3, epigraphic work focused on the inscriptional material, which allowed us to narrow down the date of the tomb. Late Roman and byzantine pottery from the so-called Hogarth Depot was examined. Also fragments of Old Kingdom wooden boxes and coffins were studied.
SAK, 2013
From August 28th to October 18th, 2012, the Egyptian-German joint mission of Sohag University, ... more From August 28th to October 18th, 2012, the Egyptian-German joint mission of Sohag University, Freie
Universität Berlin and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz conducted its tenth season of fieldwork in the
ancient necropolis situated in the western mountains of Asyut (Gebel Asyut al-gharbi).1 The fieldwork focused
on the following tombs/activities (cf. Fig. 26): Tomb V (Khety I; First Intermediate Period), Northern Soldiers-
Tomb (H11.1; Dynasty 11), Tomb I (Djefai-Hapi I, Dynasty 12), Tomb of the Dogs (Late Period to Roman
Period). In addition to that, due to the surveying previously unknown structures were discovered, that will be
discussed on the following pages: Middle Kingdom Tomb M12.3, spolia of a New Kingdom temple on the
mountain plateau (Kôm el-Shuqafa), and a depot of Late Roman pottery.
PAM 23/1 (Research 2011), 2014
The fourth season of work at the site of el-Zuma in Sudan was dedicated to the exploration of thr... more The fourth season of work at the site of el-Zuma in Sudan was dedicated to the exploration of three different tumuli: middle-sized tumuli of Type II, L-shaped and U-shaped (T.9 and T.16, respectively), and the smallest size tumulus with rectangular vertical shaft and one side burial chamber, representing type III (T.20). A test trench dug on the southern edge of the biggest tumulus of type I (T.7) explored evidence for an external shaft, which turned out to lead to an underground tunnel reaching one of the burial chambers of the tomb.
SUDAN by Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
The Early Makuria Project is a joint research program be-tween the Polish Centre of Mediterranean... more The Early Makuria Project is a joint research program be-tween the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology of Warsaw University (PCMA), and the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museum. The project is sponsored by Qatar-Sudan Archaeological Project and (PCMA).
The fifth season of excavations at el-Zuma cemetery was conducted during the period between 19th January and 10th March 2013.1 Three tumuli were selected for exploration (Figure 1). Two of them (Tumulus 12 and Tumulus 15) are type II burials, represented by medium-size tumuli, while the third one (Tumulus 21) is attributable to type III the smallest variety of tumulus noted in the cemetery (for the tumulus classification see Obłuski 2005; Mahmoud el-Tayeb 2012, 65-70). The mission also successfully explored an external shaft and discovered the entrance to a tunnel located on the southern fringes of Tumulus 4.
The sixth season was conducted during the period between 10th January and 15th March 2014.2 The mission planned in classified as Type I, while Tumulus 26 is related to Type II.
The seventh season took place between the 10th January and 15th March 2015.3 The plan for this season comprised two parts. First to check the relationship between the main cemetery at el-Zuma and the small one at el-Detti located some 7km upstream (for el-Detti see Mahmoud el-Tayeb forth.). Second, to excavate a trial pit on the southern side of Tumulus 1 to locate the tunnel entrance. The main objective at el-Zuma, however, was to resume the excavation began in 2011. At the end of that season the mission succeeded in finding the external shaft and the entrance to the under-ground tunnel at Tumulus 7. Due to lack of time and more importantly financial shortages, the work was interrupted. Accordingly, at Tumulus 1 the external shaft and entrance to the tunnel were found as expected on the southern edge of the mound, but further work has been postponed to a future season (for Tumuli 1 and 7, see Figure 1). Both tumuli are classified as Type I.
El-Tayeb, M., Czyżewska, E., Early Makuria Research Project. Excavations at ez-Zuma. The Third Season, Jan.-Feb. 2009
Preliminary reports by Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne, 2022
of each area. Subsequently, digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthomosaics were created (Fig. 3... more of each area. Subsequently, digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthomosaics were created (Fig. 3). The project is hosted by the
The preliminary report from fieldwork conducted in 2019-2020 at Soba East (remains of the capital... more The preliminary report from fieldwork conducted in 2019-2020 at Soba East (remains of the capital city of the medieval kingdom of Alwa). The report was written for the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums of Sudan in January 2020.
Books by Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
Early Makuria Research Project. El-Zuma cemetery Vol. 3. Small finds, 2020
The three-volume publication of the results of archaeological excavations at the UNESCO heritage ... more The three-volume publication of the results of archaeological excavations at the UNESCO heritage site of El-Zuma in Sudan, investigated by PCMA University of Warsaw and the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums in Khartoum, presents an Early Makurian elite tumuli cemetery from the 5th–6th centuries AD. This period in ancient Nubian history, preceding the rise of the Christian kingdoms, has long been understudied. Informed analyses by an array of specialists on the team cover the archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence from the tombs (Volume 1) as well as the abundant ceramics (Volume 2) and small finds, especially jewellery, weaponry and personal accessories (Volume 3). The outcome is a people-oriented view of an elite community in ancient Nubia at the dawn of a new age in its history.
Early Makuria Research Project. El-Zuma cemetery Vol. 2. The Pottery , 2020
The three-volume publication of the results of archaeological excavations at the UNESCO heritage ... more The three-volume publication of the results of archaeological excavations at the UNESCO heritage site of El-Zuma in Sudan, investigated by PCMA University of Warsaw and the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums in Khartoum, presents an Early Makurian elite tumuli cemetery from the 5th–6th centuries AD. This period in ancient Nubian history, preceding the rise of the Christian kingdoms, has long been understudied. Informed analyses by an array of specialists on the team cover the archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence from the tombs (Volume 1) as well as the abundant ceramics (Volume 2) and small finds, especially jewellery, weaponry and personal accessories (Volume 3). The outcome is a people-oriented view of an elite community in ancient Nubia at the dawn of a new age in its history. See Less
Early Makuria Research Project. El-Zuma cemetery., 2020
The three-volume publication of the results of archaeological excavations at the UNESCO heritage ... more The three-volume publication of the results of archaeological excavations at the UNESCO heritage site of El-Zuma in Sudan, investigated by PCMA University of Warsaw and the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums in Khartoum, presents an Early Makurian elite tumuli cemetery from the 5th–6th centuries AD. This period in ancient Nubian history, preceding the rise of the Christian kingdoms, has long been understudied. Informed analyses by an array of specialists on the team cover the archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence from the tombs (Volume 1) as well as the abundant ceramics (Volume 2) and small finds, especially jewellery, weaponry and personal accessories (Volume 3). The outcome is a people-oriented view of an elite community in ancient Nubia at the dawn of a new age in its history.
Scientific publications by Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
Sudan and Nubia, 2020
The text presents fieldwork research in Soba East (Sudan) conducted in 2019-2020
African Archaeological Review, 2021
Recent research at Soba focuses on the tangible and intangible heritage of the medieval capital o... more Recent research at Soba focuses on the tangible and intangible heritage of the medieval capital of Alwa kingdom, whose remains cover approximately 275 ha. About 222 ha of this area has been built up or transformed into agricultural land in the past 30 years. An ethnographic survey was also carried out in the built-up area to understand how the residents engage with the archaeological heritage and material remains. The undeveloped area of the capital (53 ha) was the focus of interdisciplinary archaeological fieldwork conducted in 2019 and 2020. A large-scale geophysical survey, using a fluxgate gradiometer and ground-penetrating radar, was initiated in the undeveloped area, and excavation trenches were opened to verify distinctive magnetic anomalies. Along with the ethnographic and geophysical data, the study of the pottery, burials, and stratigraphic sequence (supplemented with radiocarbon dates) provides new insights into the spatial organization of the medieval capital.
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Papers by Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
Universität Berlin and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz conducted its tenth season of fieldwork in the
ancient necropolis situated in the western mountains of Asyut (Gebel Asyut al-gharbi).1 The fieldwork focused
on the following tombs/activities (cf. Fig. 26): Tomb V (Khety I; First Intermediate Period), Northern Soldiers-
Tomb (H11.1; Dynasty 11), Tomb I (Djefai-Hapi I, Dynasty 12), Tomb of the Dogs (Late Period to Roman
Period). In addition to that, due to the surveying previously unknown structures were discovered, that will be
discussed on the following pages: Middle Kingdom Tomb M12.3, spolia of a New Kingdom temple on the
mountain plateau (Kôm el-Shuqafa), and a depot of Late Roman pottery.
SUDAN by Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
The fifth season of excavations at el-Zuma cemetery was conducted during the period between 19th January and 10th March 2013.1 Three tumuli were selected for exploration (Figure 1). Two of them (Tumulus 12 and Tumulus 15) are type II burials, represented by medium-size tumuli, while the third one (Tumulus 21) is attributable to type III the smallest variety of tumulus noted in the cemetery (for the tumulus classification see Obłuski 2005; Mahmoud el-Tayeb 2012, 65-70). The mission also successfully explored an external shaft and discovered the entrance to a tunnel located on the southern fringes of Tumulus 4.
The sixth season was conducted during the period between 10th January and 15th March 2014.2 The mission planned in classified as Type I, while Tumulus 26 is related to Type II.
The seventh season took place between the 10th January and 15th March 2015.3 The plan for this season comprised two parts. First to check the relationship between the main cemetery at el-Zuma and the small one at el-Detti located some 7km upstream (for el-Detti see Mahmoud el-Tayeb forth.). Second, to excavate a trial pit on the southern side of Tumulus 1 to locate the tunnel entrance. The main objective at el-Zuma, however, was to resume the excavation began in 2011. At the end of that season the mission succeeded in finding the external shaft and the entrance to the under-ground tunnel at Tumulus 7. Due to lack of time and more importantly financial shortages, the work was interrupted. Accordingly, at Tumulus 1 the external shaft and entrance to the tunnel were found as expected on the southern edge of the mound, but further work has been postponed to a future season (for Tumuli 1 and 7, see Figure 1). Both tumuli are classified as Type I.
Preliminary reports by Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
Books by Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
Scientific publications by Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska
Universität Berlin and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz conducted its tenth season of fieldwork in the
ancient necropolis situated in the western mountains of Asyut (Gebel Asyut al-gharbi).1 The fieldwork focused
on the following tombs/activities (cf. Fig. 26): Tomb V (Khety I; First Intermediate Period), Northern Soldiers-
Tomb (H11.1; Dynasty 11), Tomb I (Djefai-Hapi I, Dynasty 12), Tomb of the Dogs (Late Period to Roman
Period). In addition to that, due to the surveying previously unknown structures were discovered, that will be
discussed on the following pages: Middle Kingdom Tomb M12.3, spolia of a New Kingdom temple on the
mountain plateau (Kôm el-Shuqafa), and a depot of Late Roman pottery.
The fifth season of excavations at el-Zuma cemetery was conducted during the period between 19th January and 10th March 2013.1 Three tumuli were selected for exploration (Figure 1). Two of them (Tumulus 12 and Tumulus 15) are type II burials, represented by medium-size tumuli, while the third one (Tumulus 21) is attributable to type III the smallest variety of tumulus noted in the cemetery (for the tumulus classification see Obłuski 2005; Mahmoud el-Tayeb 2012, 65-70). The mission also successfully explored an external shaft and discovered the entrance to a tunnel located on the southern fringes of Tumulus 4.
The sixth season was conducted during the period between 10th January and 15th March 2014.2 The mission planned in classified as Type I, while Tumulus 26 is related to Type II.
The seventh season took place between the 10th January and 15th March 2015.3 The plan for this season comprised two parts. First to check the relationship between the main cemetery at el-Zuma and the small one at el-Detti located some 7km upstream (for el-Detti see Mahmoud el-Tayeb forth.). Second, to excavate a trial pit on the southern side of Tumulus 1 to locate the tunnel entrance. The main objective at el-Zuma, however, was to resume the excavation began in 2011. At the end of that season the mission succeeded in finding the external shaft and the entrance to the under-ground tunnel at Tumulus 7. Due to lack of time and more importantly financial shortages, the work was interrupted. Accordingly, at Tumulus 1 the external shaft and entrance to the tunnel were found as expected on the southern edge of the mound, but further work has been postponed to a future season (for Tumuli 1 and 7, see Figure 1). Both tumuli are classified as Type I.