Jagoda Wierzejska
PhD habil. Jagoda Wierzejska
A historian of contemporary literature and culture, an assistant professor in the Department of Literature of the 20th and 21st century at the Faculty of Polish Studies, University of Warsaw (Poland). She received her doctorate from the Faculty of Polish Studies at the University of Warsaw in 2011. In 2024, she received a habilitation degree in the discipline of literary studies. She is a member of the editorial board of the quarterly „Przegląd Humanistyczny” [“Humanistic Review”]. A fellow of the Center for Urban History of East Central Europe in Lviv (2016), the University of Vienna (2017) and the Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe in Marburg (2024). The winner of the scholarship for the most outstanding young scholars of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (2018-2020). The head of the National Science Center Miniatura grant (2018). The winner of: the “Archive of Emigration” Award for the best PhD dissertation on Polish emigration in the 20th century (2011), the Award for the best lecturer at the UW Open University (2013, 2014) and the Third Degree Individual Award of the Rector of the University of Warsaw (2013, 2023). She currently directs the National Science Center research grant (Multi)national Eastern Galicia in the interwar Polish discourse (and in its selected counter-discourses) (2019-2024).
She is the author of numerous scholarly articles published in prestigious journals and collective volumes, a co-editor of collective volumes and special journal issues, as well as the author of two monographs:
• Retoryczna interpretacja autobiograficzna. Na przykładzie pisarstwa Andrzeja Bobkowskiego, Zygmunta Haupta i Leo Lipskiego [Rhetorical interpretation of the autobiography. The cases of writing of Andrzej Bobkowski, Zygmunt Haupt and Leo Lipski] (2012).
• Była wschodnia Galicja w Polsce, Polska w byłej wschodniej Galicji. Obraz (wielo)narodowej prowincji w międzywojennej literaturze polskiej [Former Eastern Galicia in Poland, Poland in Former Eastern Galicia. The Image of the (Multi)national Province in the Interwar Polish Literature] (2023, book awarded in the Gaudeamus 2023 Competition organised by the Association of Higher Education Publishers and nominated for the Jan Długosz Award 2024 for the most important historical book).
A historian of contemporary literature and culture, an assistant professor in the Department of Literature of the 20th and 21st century at the Faculty of Polish Studies, University of Warsaw (Poland). She received her doctorate from the Faculty of Polish Studies at the University of Warsaw in 2011. In 2024, she received a habilitation degree in the discipline of literary studies. She is a member of the editorial board of the quarterly „Przegląd Humanistyczny” [“Humanistic Review”]. A fellow of the Center for Urban History of East Central Europe in Lviv (2016), the University of Vienna (2017) and the Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe in Marburg (2024). The winner of the scholarship for the most outstanding young scholars of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (2018-2020). The head of the National Science Center Miniatura grant (2018). The winner of: the “Archive of Emigration” Award for the best PhD dissertation on Polish emigration in the 20th century (2011), the Award for the best lecturer at the UW Open University (2013, 2014) and the Third Degree Individual Award of the Rector of the University of Warsaw (2013, 2023). She currently directs the National Science Center research grant (Multi)national Eastern Galicia in the interwar Polish discourse (and in its selected counter-discourses) (2019-2024).
She is the author of numerous scholarly articles published in prestigious journals and collective volumes, a co-editor of collective volumes and special journal issues, as well as the author of two monographs:
• Retoryczna interpretacja autobiograficzna. Na przykładzie pisarstwa Andrzeja Bobkowskiego, Zygmunta Haupta i Leo Lipskiego [Rhetorical interpretation of the autobiography. The cases of writing of Andrzej Bobkowski, Zygmunt Haupt and Leo Lipski] (2012).
• Była wschodnia Galicja w Polsce, Polska w byłej wschodniej Galicji. Obraz (wielo)narodowej prowincji w międzywojennej literaturze polskiej [Former Eastern Galicia in Poland, Poland in Former Eastern Galicia. The Image of the (Multi)national Province in the Interwar Polish Literature] (2023, book awarded in the Gaudeamus 2023 Competition organised by the Association of Higher Education Publishers and nominated for the Jan Długosz Award 2024 for the most important historical book).
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The whole conversation is available here:
https://www.facebook.com/SzczebrzeszynFestiwal/videos/1008180743268025
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a6OzZNNlKVg-BMCItr9hk_p88JejyFr5/view?usp=sharing
Books by Jagoda Wierzejska
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Publikacja jest pierwszą monografią dotyczącą polskiej literatury międzywojennej poświęconej byłej wschodniej Galicji. Autorka omawia akty dyskursywne, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wypowiedzi literackich, które w okresie międzywojennym kreowały obraz wielonarodowej po-habsburskiej krainy. Analizuje także działania sensotwórcze, których celem było symboliczne zawłaszczenie i dostosowanie regionu do politycznej, społecznej i kulturowej sfery polskości w II Rzeczypospolitej.
Autorka książki sprawdza operacyjność retorycznej interpretacji autobiograficznej na przykładzie utworów Andrzeja Bobkowskiego, Zygmunta Haupta i Leo Lipskiego, które stanowią przedmiot różnych, nierzadko sprzecznych ze sobą opinii badaczy autobiografizmu. Interpretuje przy tym zarówno opublikowane teksty pisarzy, jak i te, pozostające w rękopisach i maszynopisach.
//
The book presents a new way of identifying a literary work as autobiography, referred to as a rhetorical autobiographical interpretation. Rather than seeking a literary text's reference to an extra-textual reality and an author centrally located in it, the rhetorical autobiographical interpretation reveals textual mechanisms at work in a narrative (sets of tropes and figures) and explains why they evoke the effect of truthfulness of the reported experiences and events. Thanks to these properties, the proposed interpretation avoids both the simplifications of nineteenth-century autobiographism and the inadequacies of some contemporary theories that blur the unique status of the autobiographical subject and the differences between autobiographical and non-autobiographical narrative.
The author of the book examines the operability of the rhetorical autobiographical interpretation on the example of works by Andrzej Bobkowski, Zygmunt Haupt and Leo Lipski, which are the subject of different, often contradictory opinions of scholars of autobiography. In doing so, she interprets both the writers' published texts and those remaining in manuscripts and typescripts.
Edited Collective Volumes and Special Issues by Jagoda Wierzejska
Galicia confronts us with a cognitive and research challenge because, on the one hand, it constitutes a well-known and recognized phenomenon. An extensive and comprehensive literature has been dedicated to Galicia, which after the political turn of 1989 and 1991 began to produce canonical approaches and often mere clichés. On the other hand, Galicia still remains unrecognized, especially in the field of confronting different national narratives, both those of the Habsburg past and those of next epochs, such as the interwar period. [...] Galicia – that which once existed in geopolitical reality and that which still exists in cultural memory and tradition today – is still an open field of research.
The collective volume dedicated to studies of Habsburg and post-Habsburg Galicia, its history, culture, and literature, edited and published on the occasion of the birthday of Professor Alois Woldan, ex expert in the field of Slavic literatures.
Galicia confronts us with a cognitive and research challenge because, on the one hand, it constitutes a well-known and recognized phenomenon. An extensive and comprehensive literature has been dedicated to Galicia, which after the political turn of 1989 and 1991 began to produce canonical approaches and often mere clichés. On the other hand, Galicia still remains unrecognized, especially in the field of confronting different national narratives, both those of the Habsburg past and those of next epochs, such as the interwar period. [...] Galicia – that which once existed in geopolitical reality and that which still exists in cultural memory and tradition today – is still an open field of research.
The volume considers two phenomena: the ways in which the Habsburg legacy was obliterated, as well as manifestations of its continued presence in East-Central European discourses from 1918 until today. Furthermore, it discusses how these phenomena have evolved over the last hundred years in terms of domination, continuities, and discontinuities. In the centre of our interest lie the northern territories of the erstwhile Danube Monarchy, i.e. Galicia along with Bukovina, Bohemia, and Moravia. The articles of this volume analyse textual, first and foremost literary works in which the Habsburg tradition of these lands is supplanted by national and Soviet models of culture, as well as repeated reversions to that tradition notwithstanding.
(1) critical reflection on narratives of dominant character, as well as of nation-building and state-building power;
(2) reconstructing analysis of counter-narratives, i.e. voices of groups which have been marginalized, omitted, excluded, so that the dominant narratives could fulfill the constitutive role for a certain community;
(3) polyphonic or cacophonic entanglement of dominant narratives and counter-narratives pertaining to 1918 in Central and Eastern Europe.
The authors of articles gathered in the issue focus on narratives built by cultural texts in the semiotic sense: primarily literary, para-, and non-literary texts, as well as manifestations of the iconographic sphere. The field of their interest comprises both functioning of narratives concerning the year 1918 up to World War II and manifestations of their long existence, lasting until today. The current issue presents articles written by historians of Latvian (Benedikts Kalnačs), Lithuanian (Viktoria Šeina), Hungarian (Judit Dobry), Romanian (Olga Bartosiewicz), Jewish (Rachel Feldhay Brenner) and Polish (Jagoda Wierzejska, Sławomir Buryła) literature and culture, as well as the additional article submitted by Włodzimierz Borodziej and Maciej Górny, the experts in history of World War I.
The issue Around 1918: Central and Eastern European Polyphony/ Cacophony will be followed by the next issue of the quarterly "Przegląd Humanistyczny" [Humanistic Review] 2019 no. 1, which will develop the topic of founding myths concerning the year 1918 in other areas of East-Central Europe.
Both of the issues constitute an integral part of a larger research project entitled "Is the war over? Writings on and of the year 1918 in Central European Literature." They form a contribution of the Institute of Polish Literature (University of Warsaw) into the project. The latter was elaborated by Xavier Galmiche and Paweł Rodak and initiated at the UMR Eur’Orbem (Cultures et sociétés d’Europe orientale, balkanique et médiane) and the Centre de civilisation polonaise (Sorbonne Université). It is based on an international network of researchers (France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Romania) committed to questioning modalities of exits from World War I in the countries of Central Europe, particularly of the states founded or re-founded in the immediate postwar period, and the phenomenon of prolonging conflicts and upheavals long after the official cessation of hostilities. This project aims to extend considerations of pure historiography by an analysis of expressions provoked by difficult exits from the war in Central Europe.
"1918: The war is over?" has resulted in a series of conferences and seminars taking place in several countries throughout 2018. It is also bringing contributions to the special issues of journals to be published between 2018 and 2020, in particular: "Austriaca" (France), "Slovo a smysl" (Czech Republic) and "Przegląd Humanistyczny" (Poland), as well as an anthology of texts translated into German entitled "The war is over, the murder begins. Literary reflections of postimperial violence in Central-East-Europe in 1918," edited by Alfrun Kliems, Christine Gölz, and Xavier Galmiche. Moreover, a collective monograph concerning the topic is being prepared for the Central and Eastern Europe series of the Sorbonne University Press.
Drugi człon tytułu książki – polityka – odnosi się do różnych form upolitycznienia przestrzeni i jej reprezentacji. Zawarte w publikacji artykuły ukazują rozmaite aspekty konceptualizacji przestrzeni, pozwalając czytelnikowi zrozumieć, w jaki sposób o tych konceptualizacjach decyduje ideologia. Autorzy artykułów obserwują to zjawisko na materii dyskursów polskiego, węgierskiego, czeskiego, niemieckiego i ukraińskiego. Konceptualizacje przestrzeni nie mają jednolitego ani stabilnego charakteru, pod- legają dynamicznym zmianom. Zawsze jednak ich budowanie dokonuje się pod presją polityki historycznej, polityki pamięci i edukacji. Dawne myślenie o przestrzeni i związane z tym aspiracje polityczne stają się aktualnie naszym bagażem i wciągają nas w rozmaite gry w przestrzenność i o przestrzenność. Gry owe polegają na manipulowaniu reprezentacjami przestrzeni, a ich stawką jest dosłowna i symboliczna dominacja w przestrzeni jednej grupy oraz marginalizacja grup innych, mających nie mniejsze prawa do przestrzeni, ale mniejsze możliwości kształtowania jej reprezentacji.
Zasadnicze obszary zainteresowania autorek i autorów tak pomyślanej publikacji stanowią:
– zacieranie lub zachowywanie śladów złożonej wielonarodowej historii przestrzeni, miejsc i zabytków, których przynależność państwowa zmieniła się w rezultacie przesunięcia granic w XX wieku;
– sposoby konstruowania reprezentacji miejsc i przestrzeni, pożądanych dla świadomości narodowej, a także formy instrumentalizacji tychże;
– potrzeby, formy i utrudnienia dydaktyki dotyczącej wspólnej przeszłości, nastawionej na zbudowanie inkluzywnego, nie ekskluzywnego dyskursu o przestrzeniach i miejscach o złożonej historii narodowej.
This issue brings together texts by Polish and foreign authors. The articles presented here are united by a reflection on various representations and meanings, with a particular focus on ideological meanings, of space present in such cultural texts as literary works, films, political ideas, concrete cartographic maps and imaginary and mental maps. The authors are interested both in the relationship between space and language, literature and culture, and in the relationship between space and temporality and memory. Referring to the category of territory, they reflect on phenomena such as territorial conquest and the related imposition of new spatial structures on a given area, as well as acts of rebellion against this practice, phenomena of revision and formulas of resistance. A separate strand of reflection concerns the notions of border and map. The authors draw attention to the ways in which borders are established, erased and revisited, looking at the reasons that make these phenomena happen: globalisation and anti-globalisation, political issues, economic issues, the return of ethnicity and the category of nation. They also join the debate on the violent aspect of 'mapping' the world and the ideological dimension of the map, which can become a form of political manifestation.
Book Chapters by Jagoda Wierzejska
The attitude of Wittlin - a Polish writer with Jewish origins - towards the Ukrainian issue in the Second Polish Republic and the Polish-Ukrainian conflict for Eastern Galicia was significantly conditioned by the circulation of ideas and the writer's travels in Central Europe, primarily between Vienna and Lviv. In 1915, Wittlin came to Vienna, began studies at the University of Vienna and found himself in the social and artistic circle of people such as Rilke, Karl Krauss and Joseph Roth, one of his closest friends. During this period, Wittlin's pacifism began to take shape and later it was strengthened by his experiences during WWI. After being discharged from the army in 1918, Wittlin returned to Lviv, the city of his youth. There, he soon became a witness of the Polish-Ukrainian fight, which began on November 1, 1918, and then spread to the entire Eastern Galicia. As a pacifist, he was shocked by the fighting in the streets of Lviv, which he considered fratricidal and in which he decided not to take part. He had already started working on the poetry collection "Hymny," in which - contrary to the dominant Polish discourse of the interwar period - he presented the Polish-Ukrainian war as an attack on humanistic values, and with empathy he called the Ukrainian soldier a "brother." This extraordinary collection turned out to be one of the very few in Polish discourse and probably the only voice in Polish literature that expressed a pacifist point of view on the above-mentioned conflict, especially the so-called "defense" of Lviv, which is one of the foundation myths of the Second Polish Republic.
The analysis of the conditions of Wittlin's pacifist idea and its manifestations in the context of the Lviv tragedy will enable me to consider the following issues: how did the writer's attitude to the Polish-Ukrainian conflict influence his later work? And what was the place and significance of both Wittlin's early and slightly later pacifist works in the Polish discourse on the Polish-Ukrainian conflict for Eastern Galicia?
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Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie determinant oraz efektów rozwoju myśli pacyfistycznej Józefa Wittlina w jego międzywojennej twórczości literackiej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem utworów dotyczących relacji Polaków i Ukraińców oraz wojny obu narodów o wschodnią Galicję.
Stosunek Wittlina – polskiego twórcy o żydowskich korzeniach – do sprawy ukraińskiej w II RP i konfliktu polsko-ukraińskiego o wschodnią Galicję był w istotny sposób uwarunkowany cyrkulacją idei oraz podróżami pisarza w przestrzeni Europy Środkowej, przede wszystkim między Wiedniem a Lwowem. W 1915 r. Wittlin przyjechał do Wiednia, rozpoczął studia na Uniwersytecie Wiedeńskim i znalazł się w kręgu społeczno-artystycznym takich ludzi, jak Rilke, Karl Krauss i Joseph Roth, jeden z jego najbliższych przyjaciół. W tym okresie zaczął się kształtować pacyfizm Wittlina, umocniony potem przez jego doświadczenia pierwszowojenne. Po zwolnieniu z armii w 1918 r. Wittlin wrócił do Lwowa, miasta swojej młodości. Tam wkrótce stał się świadkiem starć polsko-ukraińskich, które rozpoczęły się 1 listopada 1918 r., a następnie rozprzestrzeniły na całą wschodnią Galicję. Jako pacyfista był zszokowany walkami na ulicach lwiego grodu, które uważał za bratobójcze i w których zdecydował się nie wziąć udziału. Już wtedy rozpoczął pracę nad zbiorem poetyckim "Hymny", w którym – na przekór dominującemu dyskursowi polskiemu epoki międzywojennej – przedstawił wojnę polsko-ukraińską jako zamach na wartości humanistyczne, a ukraińskiego żołnierza nazwał z empatią "bratem". Ten niezwykły zbiór okazał się jednym z bardzo nielicznych w dyskursie polskim i prawdopodobnie jedynym w literaturze polskiej głosem, który wyrażał pacyfistyczny punkt widzenia na wspomniany konflikt, zwłaszcza na tzw. „obroną” Lwowa będącą jednym z mitów fundacyjnych II RP.
Analiza uwarunkowań idei pacyfistycznej Wittlina i jej manifestacji wobec tragedii lwowskiej umożliwi mi rozważenie następujących kwestii: jak stosunek twórcy do konfliktu polsko-ukraińskiego wpłynął na jego późniejszą twórczość? Oraz jakie było miejsce i znaczenie zarówno wczesnych, jak i nieco późniejszych pacyfistycznych utworów Wittlina w dyskursie polskim o konflikcie polsko-ukraińskim o wschodnią Galicję?
The whole conversation is available here:
https://www.facebook.com/SzczebrzeszynFestiwal/videos/1008180743268025
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a6OzZNNlKVg-BMCItr9hk_p88JejyFr5/view?usp=sharing
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Publikacja jest pierwszą monografią dotyczącą polskiej literatury międzywojennej poświęconej byłej wschodniej Galicji. Autorka omawia akty dyskursywne, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wypowiedzi literackich, które w okresie międzywojennym kreowały obraz wielonarodowej po-habsburskiej krainy. Analizuje także działania sensotwórcze, których celem było symboliczne zawłaszczenie i dostosowanie regionu do politycznej, społecznej i kulturowej sfery polskości w II Rzeczypospolitej.
Autorka książki sprawdza operacyjność retorycznej interpretacji autobiograficznej na przykładzie utworów Andrzeja Bobkowskiego, Zygmunta Haupta i Leo Lipskiego, które stanowią przedmiot różnych, nierzadko sprzecznych ze sobą opinii badaczy autobiografizmu. Interpretuje przy tym zarówno opublikowane teksty pisarzy, jak i te, pozostające w rękopisach i maszynopisach.
//
The book presents a new way of identifying a literary work as autobiography, referred to as a rhetorical autobiographical interpretation. Rather than seeking a literary text's reference to an extra-textual reality and an author centrally located in it, the rhetorical autobiographical interpretation reveals textual mechanisms at work in a narrative (sets of tropes and figures) and explains why they evoke the effect of truthfulness of the reported experiences and events. Thanks to these properties, the proposed interpretation avoids both the simplifications of nineteenth-century autobiographism and the inadequacies of some contemporary theories that blur the unique status of the autobiographical subject and the differences between autobiographical and non-autobiographical narrative.
The author of the book examines the operability of the rhetorical autobiographical interpretation on the example of works by Andrzej Bobkowski, Zygmunt Haupt and Leo Lipski, which are the subject of different, often contradictory opinions of scholars of autobiography. In doing so, she interprets both the writers' published texts and those remaining in manuscripts and typescripts.
Galicia confronts us with a cognitive and research challenge because, on the one hand, it constitutes a well-known and recognized phenomenon. An extensive and comprehensive literature has been dedicated to Galicia, which after the political turn of 1989 and 1991 began to produce canonical approaches and often mere clichés. On the other hand, Galicia still remains unrecognized, especially in the field of confronting different national narratives, both those of the Habsburg past and those of next epochs, such as the interwar period. [...] Galicia – that which once existed in geopolitical reality and that which still exists in cultural memory and tradition today – is still an open field of research.
The collective volume dedicated to studies of Habsburg and post-Habsburg Galicia, its history, culture, and literature, edited and published on the occasion of the birthday of Professor Alois Woldan, ex expert in the field of Slavic literatures.
Galicia confronts us with a cognitive and research challenge because, on the one hand, it constitutes a well-known and recognized phenomenon. An extensive and comprehensive literature has been dedicated to Galicia, which after the political turn of 1989 and 1991 began to produce canonical approaches and often mere clichés. On the other hand, Galicia still remains unrecognized, especially in the field of confronting different national narratives, both those of the Habsburg past and those of next epochs, such as the interwar period. [...] Galicia – that which once existed in geopolitical reality and that which still exists in cultural memory and tradition today – is still an open field of research.
The volume considers two phenomena: the ways in which the Habsburg legacy was obliterated, as well as manifestations of its continued presence in East-Central European discourses from 1918 until today. Furthermore, it discusses how these phenomena have evolved over the last hundred years in terms of domination, continuities, and discontinuities. In the centre of our interest lie the northern territories of the erstwhile Danube Monarchy, i.e. Galicia along with Bukovina, Bohemia, and Moravia. The articles of this volume analyse textual, first and foremost literary works in which the Habsburg tradition of these lands is supplanted by national and Soviet models of culture, as well as repeated reversions to that tradition notwithstanding.
(1) critical reflection on narratives of dominant character, as well as of nation-building and state-building power;
(2) reconstructing analysis of counter-narratives, i.e. voices of groups which have been marginalized, omitted, excluded, so that the dominant narratives could fulfill the constitutive role for a certain community;
(3) polyphonic or cacophonic entanglement of dominant narratives and counter-narratives pertaining to 1918 in Central and Eastern Europe.
The authors of articles gathered in the issue focus on narratives built by cultural texts in the semiotic sense: primarily literary, para-, and non-literary texts, as well as manifestations of the iconographic sphere. The field of their interest comprises both functioning of narratives concerning the year 1918 up to World War II and manifestations of their long existence, lasting until today. The current issue presents articles written by historians of Latvian (Benedikts Kalnačs), Lithuanian (Viktoria Šeina), Hungarian (Judit Dobry), Romanian (Olga Bartosiewicz), Jewish (Rachel Feldhay Brenner) and Polish (Jagoda Wierzejska, Sławomir Buryła) literature and culture, as well as the additional article submitted by Włodzimierz Borodziej and Maciej Górny, the experts in history of World War I.
The issue Around 1918: Central and Eastern European Polyphony/ Cacophony will be followed by the next issue of the quarterly "Przegląd Humanistyczny" [Humanistic Review] 2019 no. 1, which will develop the topic of founding myths concerning the year 1918 in other areas of East-Central Europe.
Both of the issues constitute an integral part of a larger research project entitled "Is the war over? Writings on and of the year 1918 in Central European Literature." They form a contribution of the Institute of Polish Literature (University of Warsaw) into the project. The latter was elaborated by Xavier Galmiche and Paweł Rodak and initiated at the UMR Eur’Orbem (Cultures et sociétés d’Europe orientale, balkanique et médiane) and the Centre de civilisation polonaise (Sorbonne Université). It is based on an international network of researchers (France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Romania) committed to questioning modalities of exits from World War I in the countries of Central Europe, particularly of the states founded or re-founded in the immediate postwar period, and the phenomenon of prolonging conflicts and upheavals long after the official cessation of hostilities. This project aims to extend considerations of pure historiography by an analysis of expressions provoked by difficult exits from the war in Central Europe.
"1918: The war is over?" has resulted in a series of conferences and seminars taking place in several countries throughout 2018. It is also bringing contributions to the special issues of journals to be published between 2018 and 2020, in particular: "Austriaca" (France), "Slovo a smysl" (Czech Republic) and "Przegląd Humanistyczny" (Poland), as well as an anthology of texts translated into German entitled "The war is over, the murder begins. Literary reflections of postimperial violence in Central-East-Europe in 1918," edited by Alfrun Kliems, Christine Gölz, and Xavier Galmiche. Moreover, a collective monograph concerning the topic is being prepared for the Central and Eastern Europe series of the Sorbonne University Press.
Drugi człon tytułu książki – polityka – odnosi się do różnych form upolitycznienia przestrzeni i jej reprezentacji. Zawarte w publikacji artykuły ukazują rozmaite aspekty konceptualizacji przestrzeni, pozwalając czytelnikowi zrozumieć, w jaki sposób o tych konceptualizacjach decyduje ideologia. Autorzy artykułów obserwują to zjawisko na materii dyskursów polskiego, węgierskiego, czeskiego, niemieckiego i ukraińskiego. Konceptualizacje przestrzeni nie mają jednolitego ani stabilnego charakteru, pod- legają dynamicznym zmianom. Zawsze jednak ich budowanie dokonuje się pod presją polityki historycznej, polityki pamięci i edukacji. Dawne myślenie o przestrzeni i związane z tym aspiracje polityczne stają się aktualnie naszym bagażem i wciągają nas w rozmaite gry w przestrzenność i o przestrzenność. Gry owe polegają na manipulowaniu reprezentacjami przestrzeni, a ich stawką jest dosłowna i symboliczna dominacja w przestrzeni jednej grupy oraz marginalizacja grup innych, mających nie mniejsze prawa do przestrzeni, ale mniejsze możliwości kształtowania jej reprezentacji.
Zasadnicze obszary zainteresowania autorek i autorów tak pomyślanej publikacji stanowią:
– zacieranie lub zachowywanie śladów złożonej wielonarodowej historii przestrzeni, miejsc i zabytków, których przynależność państwowa zmieniła się w rezultacie przesunięcia granic w XX wieku;
– sposoby konstruowania reprezentacji miejsc i przestrzeni, pożądanych dla świadomości narodowej, a także formy instrumentalizacji tychże;
– potrzeby, formy i utrudnienia dydaktyki dotyczącej wspólnej przeszłości, nastawionej na zbudowanie inkluzywnego, nie ekskluzywnego dyskursu o przestrzeniach i miejscach o złożonej historii narodowej.
This issue brings together texts by Polish and foreign authors. The articles presented here are united by a reflection on various representations and meanings, with a particular focus on ideological meanings, of space present in such cultural texts as literary works, films, political ideas, concrete cartographic maps and imaginary and mental maps. The authors are interested both in the relationship between space and language, literature and culture, and in the relationship between space and temporality and memory. Referring to the category of territory, they reflect on phenomena such as territorial conquest and the related imposition of new spatial structures on a given area, as well as acts of rebellion against this practice, phenomena of revision and formulas of resistance. A separate strand of reflection concerns the notions of border and map. The authors draw attention to the ways in which borders are established, erased and revisited, looking at the reasons that make these phenomena happen: globalisation and anti-globalisation, political issues, economic issues, the return of ethnicity and the category of nation. They also join the debate on the violent aspect of 'mapping' the world and the ideological dimension of the map, which can become a form of political manifestation.
The attitude of Wittlin - a Polish writer with Jewish origins - towards the Ukrainian issue in the Second Polish Republic and the Polish-Ukrainian conflict for Eastern Galicia was significantly conditioned by the circulation of ideas and the writer's travels in Central Europe, primarily between Vienna and Lviv. In 1915, Wittlin came to Vienna, began studies at the University of Vienna and found himself in the social and artistic circle of people such as Rilke, Karl Krauss and Joseph Roth, one of his closest friends. During this period, Wittlin's pacifism began to take shape and later it was strengthened by his experiences during WWI. After being discharged from the army in 1918, Wittlin returned to Lviv, the city of his youth. There, he soon became a witness of the Polish-Ukrainian fight, which began on November 1, 1918, and then spread to the entire Eastern Galicia. As a pacifist, he was shocked by the fighting in the streets of Lviv, which he considered fratricidal and in which he decided not to take part. He had already started working on the poetry collection "Hymny," in which - contrary to the dominant Polish discourse of the interwar period - he presented the Polish-Ukrainian war as an attack on humanistic values, and with empathy he called the Ukrainian soldier a "brother." This extraordinary collection turned out to be one of the very few in Polish discourse and probably the only voice in Polish literature that expressed a pacifist point of view on the above-mentioned conflict, especially the so-called "defense" of Lviv, which is one of the foundation myths of the Second Polish Republic.
The analysis of the conditions of Wittlin's pacifist idea and its manifestations in the context of the Lviv tragedy will enable me to consider the following issues: how did the writer's attitude to the Polish-Ukrainian conflict influence his later work? And what was the place and significance of both Wittlin's early and slightly later pacifist works in the Polish discourse on the Polish-Ukrainian conflict for Eastern Galicia?
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Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie determinant oraz efektów rozwoju myśli pacyfistycznej Józefa Wittlina w jego międzywojennej twórczości literackiej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem utworów dotyczących relacji Polaków i Ukraińców oraz wojny obu narodów o wschodnią Galicję.
Stosunek Wittlina – polskiego twórcy o żydowskich korzeniach – do sprawy ukraińskiej w II RP i konfliktu polsko-ukraińskiego o wschodnią Galicję był w istotny sposób uwarunkowany cyrkulacją idei oraz podróżami pisarza w przestrzeni Europy Środkowej, przede wszystkim między Wiedniem a Lwowem. W 1915 r. Wittlin przyjechał do Wiednia, rozpoczął studia na Uniwersytecie Wiedeńskim i znalazł się w kręgu społeczno-artystycznym takich ludzi, jak Rilke, Karl Krauss i Joseph Roth, jeden z jego najbliższych przyjaciół. W tym okresie zaczął się kształtować pacyfizm Wittlina, umocniony potem przez jego doświadczenia pierwszowojenne. Po zwolnieniu z armii w 1918 r. Wittlin wrócił do Lwowa, miasta swojej młodości. Tam wkrótce stał się świadkiem starć polsko-ukraińskich, które rozpoczęły się 1 listopada 1918 r., a następnie rozprzestrzeniły na całą wschodnią Galicję. Jako pacyfista był zszokowany walkami na ulicach lwiego grodu, które uważał za bratobójcze i w których zdecydował się nie wziąć udziału. Już wtedy rozpoczął pracę nad zbiorem poetyckim "Hymny", w którym – na przekór dominującemu dyskursowi polskiemu epoki międzywojennej – przedstawił wojnę polsko-ukraińską jako zamach na wartości humanistyczne, a ukraińskiego żołnierza nazwał z empatią "bratem". Ten niezwykły zbiór okazał się jednym z bardzo nielicznych w dyskursie polskim i prawdopodobnie jedynym w literaturze polskiej głosem, który wyrażał pacyfistyczny punkt widzenia na wspomniany konflikt, zwłaszcza na tzw. „obroną” Lwowa będącą jednym z mitów fundacyjnych II RP.
Analiza uwarunkowań idei pacyfistycznej Wittlina i jej manifestacji wobec tragedii lwowskiej umożliwi mi rozważenie następujących kwestii: jak stosunek twórcy do konfliktu polsko-ukraińskiego wpłynął na jego późniejszą twórczość? Oraz jakie było miejsce i znaczenie zarówno wczesnych, jak i nieco późniejszych pacyfistycznych utworów Wittlina w dyskursie polskim o konflikcie polsko-ukraińskim o wschodnią Galicję?
It focuses on analysis of a Polish myth of the battle called the “defense” of Lviv and based on different variants of the interwar Polish discourse, especially the literary one. The myth of the “defense” glorified the battle of Lviv as a symbol of consolidation of the Polish nation and the Polish state, while the deeds of “defenders,” known as the Eaglets, promoted the patriotic behaviour patterns for the future generations of Poles. Such a myth offered symbolic responses to the most painful issues of Poland that was under revival and did revive. As a result, it transformed into a foundation myth of Second Polish Republic. It appealed to the Poles and helped to integrate Polish nation around shared ideals. At the same time, however, it stigmatized enemies and excluded the Others – Ukrainians, Jews, and Germans – and, consequently, divided the multinational society of the entire Second Polish Republic.
The article also shows how the narrative of the battle of Lviv functioned after the Second World War when the myth of the “defense” belonged to the cultural phenomena censored by the communist authorities. Finally, the text highlights contemporary references to this myth in the populist right-wing political thought and activity, as well as journalism.
Artykuł stanowi analizę motywu rabacji galicyjskiej, powracającego w kulturze, a zwłaszcza literaturze dwudziestolecia międzywojennego jako wyraz lęku przed konsekwencjami braku lub niedomagania realnej wspólnotowości narodu polskiego w II Rzeczpospolitej. Materiał literacki, na którym analizowane są długotrwałe skutki działania rabacyjnego urazu, stanowią "Turoń" Stefana Żeromskiego i "Słowo o Jakubie Szeli" Brunona Jasieńskiego. Zjawisko to jest interpretowane jako reakcja na trudności nowych dyskursów państwa z przebudowaniem post-feudalnej świadomości i hierarchii społecznej oraz z budową wspólnoty narodowej rozumianej jako poziomy układ solidarności.
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Artykuł prezentuje krytyczną rekonstrukcję wczesnego okresu twórczości Zygmunta Haupta na tle życia intelektualnego i artystycznego Lwowa w latach 30. XX wieku. Lwów był wówczas miastem o bardzo skomplikowanej sytuacji polityczno-społecznej i kulturalnej. Stanowił wielonarodowy, barwny ośrodek urbanistyczny, ale był naznaczony bodaj najpoważniejszymi animozjami narodowościowymi w II RP. We Lwowie wciąż trwała stagnacja w dziedzinie literatury i nauki o literaturze. W połowie lat 30. życie intelektualne i artystyczne miasta zaczęło się jednak zmieniać. Artykuł na tle tych przemian naświetla charakter wczesnych przedsięwzięć artystycznych Haupta i jego związków z grupą literacką zwaną Rybałtami. Podejmie przy tym próbę odpowiedzi na pytania, w jakim stopniu okres lwowski okazał się formacyjny w życiu artystycznym Haupta oraz jakie znaczenie artystyczne i towarzyskie mieli dla Haupta Rybałci, wśród których nie był on przecież personą pierwszoplanową.
The article presents ideological appropriations of the narrative of the battle of Lviv in 1918-1919 (especially in November 1918) in the Polish discourse after 1918.
It focuses on analysis of a Polish myth of the battle called the “defense” of Lviv and based on different variants of the interwar Polish discourse, especially the literary one. The myth of the “defense” glorified the battle of Lviv as a symbol of consolidation of the Polish nation and the Polish state, while the deeds of “defenders,” known as the Eaglets, promoted the patriotic behaviour patterns for the future generations of Poles. Such a myth offered symbolic responses to the most painful issues of Poland that was under revival and did revive. As a result, it transformed into a foundation myth of Second Polish Republic. It appealed to the Poles and helped to integrate Polish nation around shared ideals. At the same time, however, it stigmatized enemies and excluded the Others – Ukrainians, Jews, and Germans – and, consequently, divided the multinational society of the entire Second Polish Republic.
The article also shows how the narrative of the battle of Lviv functioned after the Second World War when the myth of the “defense” belonged to the cultural phenomena censored by the communist authorities. Finally, the text highlights contemporary references to this myth in the populist right-wing political thought and activity, as well as journalism.
W pomieszczeniach Austriackiego Forum Kultury w Warszawie odbyła się w dniach 5 i 6 czerwca 2019 r. konferencja zorganizowana z okazji sześćdziesiątych piątych urodzin cenionego w Polsce austriackiego slawisty, prof. Aloisa Woldana z Uniwersytetu Wiedeńskiego. Wydarzenie było wynikiem międzynarodowej kulturalno-naukowej kooperacji między Uniwersytetem Warszawskim (Wydział Polonistyki, Zakład Literatury XX i XXI wieku oraz Instytut Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej), Uniwersytetem Wiedeńskim i Austriackim Forum Kultury.
We propose to systematically examine practices of “branding” and (multiple) “re-branding” of micro- and macro- regional spaces after redrawing state borders. Such a focus will allow us to discuss how political epistemologies were translated into top-down and bottom-up actions in different spheres, from political and economical to social and cultural one, and at various levels, from state to regional and local one. To (re-) brand places, with special considerations of regions, the new regimes invented and applied new tools according to the ideologies of the larger state- and nation-building projects. We invite you to reflect on the variety of such tools that have served the production and circulation of knowledge and that embraced different types of media, including those considered particularly ‘modern’ in the first half of the 20th c., like photographic surveys, touring, regional festivals / museums / exhibitions, radio coverages and films.
We want to direct our attention to regions of East Central Europe that were (re-)branded in the course of transitions taking place after World Wars I and II. The East Central European regions are understood broadly and diversely here. They include micro and macro regions of both real and imagined character, their quasi-colonial extensions and their ideas or notional equivalents, all of them loaded with ideological and emotional meanings of positive and negative correlation.
In the planned panel we would like to invite you to discuss the paradoxes and complex paths of various modernizations in the Polish and Ukrainian histories and cultures from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. Our attention is focused on Polish-Ukrainian entanglements in a broad understanding, from contact to cooperation and from delineation to conflicts, as they were reflected in cultural images of modernization projects: political, social, cultural, and individual ones. However, we are also interested in other modernization projects developed by national and ethnic minorities and presented in Polish- and Ukrainian-language discourses and public spheres, on the Polish and Ukrainian political, social and cultural background.
Venue: Institute for East European History, University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 2, Hof 3, Entrance 3.2 (Campus), 1090 Vienna, Austria
The concept of "region branding" originates from marketing studies and has recently entered cultural history. Approaches investigating the "branding" of places have been applied to cities, landscapes and regions in the framework of history of state-and nation-building, tourism, urban spheres and landscapes, which are building on visual and spatial turns. At the prospective conference, we aim to explore the concept in a broader and comparative framework focusing on East Central Europe. We suggest considering region branding as a set of knowledge making and knowledge circulating practices, which attempt to construct and disseminate the 'identity' of a certain space and people related to it. These practices were integral parts of state-and nation-building strategies, especially when directed at contested regions.
We propose to systematically examine practices of “branding” and (multiple) “re-branding” of micro- and macro- regional spaces after redrawing state borders. Such a focus will allow us to discuss how political epistemologies were translated into top-down and bottom-up actions in different spheres, from political and economical to social and cultural one, and at various levels, from state to regional and local one. To (re-) brand places, with special considerations of regions, the new regimes invented and applied new tools according to the ideologies of the larger state- and nation-building projects. We invite you to reflect on the variety of such tools that have served the production and circulation of knowledge and that embraced different types of media, including those considered particularly ‘modern’ in the first half of the 20th c., like photographic surveys, touring, regional festivals / museums / exhibitions, radio coverages and films.
We want to direct our attention to regions of East Central Europe that were (re-)branded in the course of transitions taking place after World Wars I and II. The East Central European regions are understood broadly and diversely here. They include micro and macro regions of both real and imagined character, their quasi-colonial extensions and their ideas or notional equivalents, all of them loaded with ideological and emotional meanings of positive and negative correlation.