Papers by Andrzej Maciałowicz
Barbaricum 15, 2021
During the last two centuries BC, iron became the most frequently used metal to produce armaments... more During the last two centuries BC, iron became the most frequently used metal to produce armaments and tools and various dress accessories on Polish territories. Objects made of bronze are relatively scarce for most of the Late Pre-Roman Period, especially in the Przeworsk Culture, and to a lesser extent in the Oksywie Culture. So far, however, no question has been asked who was the user of bronze ornaments and pieces of clothing discovered in Poland, and why are they so few?
The Przeworsk Culture cemetery at Jarnice on the Liwiec River in eastern Poland was excavated by ... more The Przeworsk Culture cemetery at Jarnice on the Liwiec River in eastern Poland was excavated by amateur archaeologists at the end of the 19th cent. Field surveys carried out during the second half of the 20th cent. in a field adjacent to the grave site identified the remains of a Przeworsk Culture settlement. Both sites, investigated to a very limited extent, were initially dated to the Late Pre-Roman Period only. A verification project made in 2015 brought in three remarkable finds: a ball-brooch, a ring ornament type Şimleul Silvaniei, and a knee brooch type Almgren 132. The analysis of the three artefacts and of pottery from earlier investigations, coupled with a review of data now available about the settlement complex at Jarnice suggest the presence in this area of a cemetery and a settlement of Przeworsk Culture datable to the Late Pre-Roman and the Early Roman Periods. The Przeworsk settlement may have been preceded by a brief presence of people of the so-called Jastorf Culture in the Polish Lowland.
Okładka Adalbertus Swebski (rys. Jarosław Madej) Fot. Wojciecha Nowakowskiego (na s. 5) (© Stiftu... more Okładka Adalbertus Swebski (rys. Jarosław Madej) Fot. Wojciecha Nowakowskiego (na s. 5) (© Stiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesmuseen Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig)
Barbaricum vol. 11, Warszawa 2015, p. 413-435
The paper deals with the LT C and LT D brooches found in Poland, which can be seen as a trace of ... more The paper deals with the LT C and LT D brooches found in Poland, which can be seen as a trace of close relations with the 'Boian' zone of La Tene culture. Imported specimens, as well as local products are discussed. The first ones can be interpreted as trade goods or as an evidence of the presence of Celtic people (women) in the Germanic settlement area, thus suggesting personal relationships. The latter ones, on the other hand, prove direct contacts of the Germanic and the Celtic ('Boian') craftsmen.
Moreover, in the case of 'trade' interpretation, the course of so called 'Amber Route' during the Late La Tene period is also discussed.
Waffen, Gewalt, Krieg. Beiträge zur Internationalen Tagung der AG Eisenzeit und des Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego..., S. Wefers et al. (ed.), Langenweissbach 2015, p. 229–269
The vast cemetery of the Przeworsk Culture at Kleszewo yielded over 100 graves dated to the Late ... more The vast cemetery of the Przeworsk Culture at Kleszewo yielded over 100 graves dated to the Late Pre-Roman Period and ca. 150 graves dated to the Early Roman Period. What is striking is the fact that only four burials were furnished
with weapons or other warrior gear (a sword’s belt elements). One of them contained only a single shield rivet and a sword’s scabbard fittings. None of the graves contained typical men’s tools, personal items or attire, while findings commonly associated with women are very frequent.
Moreover, all four graves with military objects are dated chiefly to phase A 2 (or A2/A3), thus representing the opening phase of the cemetery, exclusively. In this respect two phenomena
concerning Przeworsk Culture burial rites are subject to analysis: the presence of cemeteries lacking weapon graves and the practice of furnishing graves with only ‘fragmentary’ military offerings (sometimes interpreted as the pars pro toto principle). The first one is represented mostly in what we distinguish as ‘children’ and ‘female oriented’ cemeteries (as regards the social roles of buried individuals rather than their biological sex or age). We suggest that grave site at Kleszewo became ‘female oriented’ in phase A3. As for the second phenomenon, it is hard to interpret; however, links with the exact pars pro toto rule are doubtful. Some of the graves of this kind also contained, apart from military items (esp. shield rivets), typically female objects or possible women’s remains, according to anthropological data.
The appearance of both phenomena in the Przeworsk Culture cannot be easily explained. They could be somehow related to older traditions of the Early Iron Age. However, direct relations with Germanic societies inhabiting the Elbe basin are also to be taken into consideration (esp. concerning ‘gender oriented’ cemeteries), as many other finds discussed in the text indicate similar connections. After all, most probably these were two-way influences, as the practice of furnishing graves with only ‘fragmentary’ military offerings, esp. shield fittings, seems to appear in the Przeworsk Culture milieu earlier than in grave sites located in Central Germany.
(in:) J. Brandt, B. Rauchfuß (ed.), "Das Jastorf-Konzept und die vorrömische Eisenzeit im nördlichen Mitteleuropa. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung 2011 ... in Bad Bevensen", Hamburg 2014, p. 347-365.
(in:) M. Fudziński, H. Paner (ed.), „Między kulturą pomorską a kulturą oksywską. Przemiany kulturowe w okresie lateńskim”, Gdańsk 2011, p. 79-120
„Światowit” VIII (XLIX)/B (2009-2010), 2011, p. 197-199
(in:) A. Urbaniak et al. (ed.), „Terra Barbarica. Studia ofiarowane Magdalenia Mączyńskiej w 65. rocznicę urodzin”, Monumenta Archaeologica Barbarica, Series Gemina, vol. II, Łódź-Warszawa 2010, p. 367-387
Paper concerns mainly the discussion on the brooch of Idrija type found in a female grave on the ... more Paper concerns mainly the discussion on the brooch of Idrija type found in a female grave on the cemetery of the Przeworsk Culture at Gołębiewo (former Taubendorf) in NE Poland.
(in:) A. Bitner-Wróblewska, G. Iwanowska (ed.) „Bałtowie i ich sąsiedzi. Marian Kaczyński in memoriam”, Seminarium Bałtyjskie, vol. II, Warszawa 2009, p. 183-215
„Archäologisches Nachrichtenblatt“ 13 (1/2008), 2008, p. 50-57
(in:) W. Nowakowski (ed.), „Pogranicze trzech światów. Kontakty kultur: przeworskiej, wielbarskiej i bogaczewskiej w świetle materiałów z badań i poszukiwań archeologicznych”, Światowit Supplement Series: P, vol. XIV, Warszawa 2006, p. 321-334
Kontakty kultur przeworskiej, wielbarskiej i bogaczewskiej w świetle materiałów z badań i poszuki... more Kontakty kultur przeworskiej, wielbarskiej i bogaczewskiej w świetle materiałów z badań i poszukiwań archeologicznych Warszawa 2006 321 Andrzej MACIAŁOWICZ, Magdalena NOWAKOWSKA Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Naszyjniki tzw. koronowate z Kluczewa i Lochstädt.
„Wiadomości Archeologiczne” LVIII, Warszawa 2006, p. 283–369
Barbaricum, vol. 7, Warszawa 2004, p. 43-60.
Thesis Chapters by Andrzej Maciałowicz
The chapter written together with M. Rudnicki and A. Strobin in a book: "The Past Societies. Poli... more The chapter written together with M. Rudnicki and A. Strobin in a book: "The Past Societies. Polish lands from the first evidence of human presence to the early Middle Ages", vol. 4: "500 BC - 500 AD" (ed. A. Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz), Warszawa 2016, pp. 133-161.
Chapter published in a book: "The Past Societies. Polish lands from the first evidence of human p... more Chapter published in a book: "The Past Societies. Polish lands from the first evidence of human presence to the early Middle Ages", vol. 4: "500 BC - 500 AD" (ed. A. Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz), Warszawa 2016, pp. 71-110.
(in:) W. Bender, „Otalążka, stanowisko kultowo-bagienne z młodszego okresu rzymskiego” ["Otalążka - a bog sanctuary from the Late Roman Period"], „Materiały Starożytne i Wczesnośredniowieczne”, vol. VIII, Warszawa 2009, p. 37-45, 53-56, pls. I-VII
Books by Andrzej Maciałowicz
Światowit Supplement Series B: Barbaricum, vol. 14, 2021
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Papers by Andrzej Maciałowicz
Moreover, in the case of 'trade' interpretation, the course of so called 'Amber Route' during the Late La Tene period is also discussed.
with weapons or other warrior gear (a sword’s belt elements). One of them contained only a single shield rivet and a sword’s scabbard fittings. None of the graves contained typical men’s tools, personal items or attire, while findings commonly associated with women are very frequent.
Moreover, all four graves with military objects are dated chiefly to phase A 2 (or A2/A3), thus representing the opening phase of the cemetery, exclusively. In this respect two phenomena
concerning Przeworsk Culture burial rites are subject to analysis: the presence of cemeteries lacking weapon graves and the practice of furnishing graves with only ‘fragmentary’ military offerings (sometimes interpreted as the pars pro toto principle). The first one is represented mostly in what we distinguish as ‘children’ and ‘female oriented’ cemeteries (as regards the social roles of buried individuals rather than their biological sex or age). We suggest that grave site at Kleszewo became ‘female oriented’ in phase A3. As for the second phenomenon, it is hard to interpret; however, links with the exact pars pro toto rule are doubtful. Some of the graves of this kind also contained, apart from military items (esp. shield rivets), typically female objects or possible women’s remains, according to anthropological data.
The appearance of both phenomena in the Przeworsk Culture cannot be easily explained. They could be somehow related to older traditions of the Early Iron Age. However, direct relations with Germanic societies inhabiting the Elbe basin are also to be taken into consideration (esp. concerning ‘gender oriented’ cemeteries), as many other finds discussed in the text indicate similar connections. After all, most probably these were two-way influences, as the practice of furnishing graves with only ‘fragmentary’ military offerings, esp. shield fittings, seems to appear in the Przeworsk Culture milieu earlier than in grave sites located in Central Germany.
Thesis Chapters by Andrzej Maciałowicz
Books by Andrzej Maciałowicz
Moreover, in the case of 'trade' interpretation, the course of so called 'Amber Route' during the Late La Tene period is also discussed.
with weapons or other warrior gear (a sword’s belt elements). One of them contained only a single shield rivet and a sword’s scabbard fittings. None of the graves contained typical men’s tools, personal items or attire, while findings commonly associated with women are very frequent.
Moreover, all four graves with military objects are dated chiefly to phase A 2 (or A2/A3), thus representing the opening phase of the cemetery, exclusively. In this respect two phenomena
concerning Przeworsk Culture burial rites are subject to analysis: the presence of cemeteries lacking weapon graves and the practice of furnishing graves with only ‘fragmentary’ military offerings (sometimes interpreted as the pars pro toto principle). The first one is represented mostly in what we distinguish as ‘children’ and ‘female oriented’ cemeteries (as regards the social roles of buried individuals rather than their biological sex or age). We suggest that grave site at Kleszewo became ‘female oriented’ in phase A3. As for the second phenomenon, it is hard to interpret; however, links with the exact pars pro toto rule are doubtful. Some of the graves of this kind also contained, apart from military items (esp. shield rivets), typically female objects or possible women’s remains, according to anthropological data.
The appearance of both phenomena in the Przeworsk Culture cannot be easily explained. They could be somehow related to older traditions of the Early Iron Age. However, direct relations with Germanic societies inhabiting the Elbe basin are also to be taken into consideration (esp. concerning ‘gender oriented’ cemeteries), as many other finds discussed in the text indicate similar connections. After all, most probably these were two-way influences, as the practice of furnishing graves with only ‘fragmentary’ military offerings, esp. shield fittings, seems to appear in the Przeworsk Culture milieu earlier than in grave sites located in Central Germany.
Editor of Volume 4: Aleksandra Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz;
ISBN: 978-83-63760-91-5;
Warsaw 2016
As far as Polish archaeology is concerned, the time has clearly come for preparing such a synthesis, since the previous work of this kind (Prahistoria ziem polskich l-V) was published over 25 years ago. The new discoveries, new interpretations, and new research approaches developed by the new generation of scholars studying the material remains of the past urgently require a proper synopsis. [...]
The present volumes are the work of 60 authors formally divided into five teams. In order to curb the "separatist" effects of the traditional systematization of prehistory and protohistory (into the Palaeolithic Era, the Mesolithic Era, the Neolithic Era, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, and the Early Middle Ages), we employed a strictly chronological criterion: volume one encompasses the period between ca. 500,000 BC and 5,500 BC; volume two - between 5,500 BC and 2,000 BC; volume three - between 2,000 BC and 500 BC; volume four - between 500 BC and 500 AD; and volume five - between 500 AD and 1000 AD. Such an artificial division mitigates the sharpness of the traditional "pivotal moments" and at the same time emphasizes the accelerating nature of socio-cultural changes. [...]