In this paper we present an approach to the differentiation and classification of two-dimensional... more In this paper we present an approach to the differentiation and classification of two-dimensional design drawings. Our model is based on a qualitative encoding scheme and information theoretic measures. The model utilises information-theoretic tools to measure the similarity and complexity of a hierarchy of drawing descriptions. The descriptive and analytic power of the model is demonstrated by evaluating the different measures for a series of simple sketches and studying the time evolution of architectural plans produced by Frank Lloyd Wright.
In an attempt to extend our understanding of the design process in the context of computational p... more In an attempt to extend our understanding of the design process in the context of computational parametric design tools, this paper explores the relationship between and interaction of synthesis and evaluation. In establishing the importance of their coupling in parametric design the paper then explores its consequence on the design process relative to existing models of designing. A tension between designing as planning, search and exploration in parametric design is highlighted together with a conceptual framework, which draws from a situated Function-behaviour-Structure model of design. The purpose of the framework is to facilitate these different modes of designing and is targeted at the use of parametric tools.
Most buildings constructed in Australia must comply with the Building Code of Australia (BCA). Ch... more Most buildings constructed in Australia must comply with the Building Code of Australia (BCA). Checking for compliance against the BCA is a major task for both designers and building surveyors. This project carries out a prototype research using the EDM Model Checker and the SMC Model Checker for automated design checking against the Building Codes of Australia for use in professional practice. In this project, we develop a means of encoding design requirements and domain specific knowledge for building codes and investigate the flexibility of building models to contain design information. After assessing two implementations of EDM and SMC that check compliance against deemed-to-satisfy provision of building codes relevant to access by people with disabilities, an approach to automated code checking using a shared object-oriented database is established. This project can be applied in other potential areas-including checking a building design for non-compliance of many types of design requirements. Recommendations for future development and use in other potential areas in construction industries are discussed.
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe) [Volume 2]
This paper presents the foundations of a multidisciplinary design optimisation method that addres... more This paper presents the foundations of a multidisciplinary design optimisation method that addresses the problem of competing wind flow profiles within urban microclimates. The simultaneous integration of architectural and urban design parameters and their aerodynamic constraints are investigated. Differences in the height of tall buildings, which define the urban canopy layer are accounted for. The formulation that supports the simulation of aerodynamic forces at the architectural and urban scales includes multidisciplinary parameter specification of 2D and 3D building geometry, spatial morphology, spatial topology, wind flow settings, and wind flow compliance. The MDO framework and its development are discussed relative to their generative performance-based capacity and innovative approach to multidisciplinary wind flow optimization
Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (2014), 2014
This paper examines the adoption of object-based modeling software across design and construction... more This paper examines the adoption of object-based modeling software across design and construction team members during project delivery. Drawing on insights from sociology, management theory and innovation studies the paper investigates changes surrounding technology adoption and subsequent management-based innovation. Using empirical data from a case study, analysis focuses on adoption of software, the evolution of new digital and social networks and subsequent innovations in management. The paper has three main contributions. First, it identifies related literature and examines change processes surrounding software adoption and the management innovations that are triggered. Second it explores rigidities in existing routines that challenge adoption and deployment, highlighting innovations that reconcile change conflicts. Third, it shows how the concept of management innovation in construction is valuable to an understanding IT adoption processes.
Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering, 2018
The digital era of construction has enabled new types of decision support for all phases of the b... more The digital era of construction has enabled new types of decision support for all phases of the building lifecycle. New capabilities to support the management of end-to-end service operations are emerging due to the outputs of building information modelling. Previous research has identified how the application of systems engineering activities in construction can inform the development of new methods and processes to better support a facility’s life cycle. However, gaps remain in holistic systems approaches relative to how data is structured, reused and managed through-life. The paper discusses systems engineering management activities and reviews the related literature, examining the significance of these concepts in different sectors of construction. The paper identifies gaps in collaborative and progressive modelling methodologies and identifies the main challenges that industry face in adopting a systems mindset when implementing BIM on complex projects.
Product Lifecycle Management and the Industry of the Future, 2017
A steady shift in the value added from building information modelling (BIM) to architectural, eng... more A steady shift in the value added from building information modelling (BIM) to architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) activities to those of facilities management (FM) is seeing increasing emphasis on whole-of-life thinking and associated information requirements management practices. Little is known about the process of identifying, documenting, generating and harmonizing BIM data inputs with FM data outputs in the Australian construction industry. Grounded on empirical evidence from a case study that transverses client and project team perspectives, this exploratory paper identifies missing links in the AEC and FM interface. The study describes the issues surrounding the collection and harmonization of BIM data inputs (as-built deliverables at handover) and the identification of (and connection to) FM data outputs. With the limitation of an exploratory and interpretive case study, the intention is to provide a contribution to academics and practitioners with grounded, stakeholder-related insights.
Product Lifecycle Management to Support Industry 4.0, 2018
With increasing maturity in model-based design and construction, a concomitant increase in the ne... more With increasing maturity in model-based design and construction, a concomitant increase in the need for system-based methodologies and toolsets to support systems integration, requirements management, verification and validation and configuration management is evident if model-based information is to serve the operations of complex buildings and civil infrastructure projects. There is much to learn from best practices reported in complex discrete manufacturing. In particular, closed-loop product lifecycle management (PLM), systems engineering (SE) and model-based systems engineering (MBSE) are key to systems approaches to digital complex construction delivery and the reuse of model-based information for operations and maintenance (O&M). The paper reviews related research and investigates the role of the V-model in the development process, discussing its significance to structuring a through-life approach to information management. A discussion of Erasmus' PLM aligned V-model is presented, and missing links in current BIM-enabled environments are identified relative to requirements engineering, verification and validation, and configuration management. The paper closes with a discussion of the gaps in supporting model-based tool ecologies and lack of a central structuring infrastructure, as well as the deficiencies in current process and data standards. Closing with the identification of a future research agenda.
The paper presents a performance-based design method that combines building and urban objectives ... more The paper presents a performance-based design method that combines building and urban objectives for the control of winds impacting on tall buildings at the pedestrian, podium and upper levels. The performance-based method accounts for wind flow and wind load in a form optimization technique that considers a variety of criteria defining urban microclimates, defined by high-density, multi-level building forms subject to acute variations in seasonal wind conditions. The approach is based on the theoretical foundations of ‘designing for urban resilience; and highlights the different objectives of this approach relative to existing (tall) building design standards and urban city planning guidelines.
The theory that legal and political power is divided between the legislature, the executive and t... more The theory that legal and political power is divided between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary is a familiar one enshrined in the first three chapters of the Australian Constitution. However, the boundaries of the Constitution are tested on occasion when new institutions are created. In recent years, the public sector has expanded exponentially delivering services through both public and private bodies. It requires a complex system of bureaucracy. In response, both state and federal legislatures have created integrity agencies to oversee good governance and investigate corruption in the public sector. The integrity agencies do not fit neatly into the tripartite system of government. Therefore, the emergence of a fourth arm of government, an integrity branch, is an attempt to conceptualise integrity agencies. Its existence and constituents are a matter of ongoing debate, but one which is gaining momentum.
For more than a decade research has shown that 4D Building Information Modelling (BIM) can improv... more For more than a decade research has shown that 4D Building Information Modelling (BIM) can improve construction planning, scheduling and production control as well as the onsite management of safety, workspaces and waste. The increasing use of 4D BIM in construction highlights opportunities for utilising these capabilities in new digital management systems replete with role reorganization, new practices and workflows, and not solely as a tool for constructability analysis and onsite monitoring of construction progress. Continued focus on construction-based environmental impacts provides an impetus to leverage 4D BIM to improve communication and information flow throughout environmental planning and management tasks. This paper explores how environmental planning and management can be supported by 4D capabilities. 4D modelling and analysis technologies combined with structured workflows are presented as the basis for developing a tailored framework for environmental planning and mana...
Coffee Breaks: As per daily schedule, 2nd floor lounge, Corbett Hall *Please remember to scan you... more Coffee Breaks: As per daily schedule, 2nd floor lounge, Corbett Hall *Please remember to scan your meal card at the host/hostess station in the dining room for each meal. MEETING ROOMS All lectures will be held in Max Bell 159 (Max Bell Building accessible by walkway on 2nd floor of Corbett Hall). LCD projector, overhead projectors and blackboards are available for presentations. Note that the meeting space designated for BIRS is the lower level of Max Bell, Rooms 155-159. Please respect that all other space has been contracted to other Banff Centre guests, including any Food and Beverage in those areas.
This paper proposes an approach to modelling and visualising decision processes in large complex ... more This paper proposes an approach to modelling and visualising decision processes in large complex construction projects by incorporating a network perspective. Computer modelling and visualisation of decision processes as social and task-entity networks makes possible the identification of key participants, critical tasks, latent networks, vulnerabilities and dynamics that impact upon complex decision situations. New advances in network theory can help reveal the ways in which social, organisational, political and technological relationships shape decision outcomes. By conceiving decision processes as a complex system and modelling this system using network-theoretic principles, it is possible to include a tremendous amount of information that has remained untapped by conventional qualitative, game-theoretic, and statistical approaches. This research contributes to the understanding of the strategic implications of decision processes as complex systems of interacting actors and probl...
Alongside the digital innovations in AEC (Architectural, Engineering and Construction) practice, ... more Alongside the digital innovations in AEC (Architectural, Engineering and Construction) practice, are calls for a new type of digital literacy, including a new information-based literacy informed by creativity, critical analysis and the theoretical and practical knowledge of the construction profession. This paper explores the role of design thinking and the promotion of abductive problem situations when developing digital literacies in construction education. The impacts of advanced digital modelling technologies on construction management practices and education are investigated before an examination of design thinking, the role of abductive reasoning and the rise of normative models of design thinking workflows. The paper then explores the role that design thinking can play in the development of new digital literacies in contemporary construction studies. A three-part framework for the implementation of a design thinking approach to construction is presented. The paper closes with...
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2014
This paper explores the effects of PLM and BIM on professional practice. It draws on existing lit... more This paper explores the effects of PLM and BIM on professional practice. It draws on existing literature documenting the experiences of both communities of practice to explain shifts in professional boundaries. A review of case study based literature compares the nature of changes triggered by PLM and BIM relative to the new activities, roles/responsibilities and knowledge competencies, and supply chain relationships. The paper synthesises these changes and reflects PLM and BIM experiences against each other so as to contrast the continuing evolution of professional practice and lessons learned.
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2016
The increasing use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) across the construction industry highl... more The increasing use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) across the construction industry highlights the potential for a common endpoint with manufacturing industries. Previous research work has shown that it is possible to improve BIM with the features and the best practices from Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) approach. This article provides a comparison between the PLM and BIM approaches from the standpoint of the Product Structure (PS) and the Bill of Material (BOM). It discusses the need to explicit a structuring concept in the BIM approach in order be able to switch to an information-centric management approach in construction projects instead of the current activity-based approach.
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2014
This paper describes the similarities and differences between Product Lifecycle Management and Bu... more This paper describes the similarities and differences between Product Lifecycle Management and Building Information Modelling concepts, focusing on integration issues relative to their methods, information systems, effects and criticisms. In this literature based discussion, the authors show that the two concepts share fundamental similarities but are distinct in their scope and level of integration as well as maturity of process and workflow management. The paper highlights several common problems and aims to provide guidance for deployment initiatives.
Change plays a significant role in the implementation of any building information modelling (BIM)... more Change plays a significant role in the implementation of any building information modelling (BIM) initiative. For owners transitioning from a traditional asset management (AM) and/ or facilities management (FM) approach to one supported by BIM, change management is required due to the technological and organizational transformation involved. Yet little is known about the characteristics of change and how it can be more effectively managed. Based on a case study, this paper provides an example of a change strategy employed by a university's project delivery and operations teams to support the integration of BIM and FM. It describes a 'niche project' change management strategy and its key attributes during the early stages of a tertiary education owner/operator's transition to a model-based approach to asset and facilities management, providing a single point of truth for data storage and supporting 3D visualisation, digital work order processing and mobility in the field.
In this paper we present an approach to the differentiation and classification of two-dimensional... more In this paper we present an approach to the differentiation and classification of two-dimensional design drawings. Our model is based on a qualitative encoding scheme and information theoretic measures. The model utilises information-theoretic tools to measure the similarity and complexity of a hierarchy of drawing descriptions. The descriptive and analytic power of the model is demonstrated by evaluating the different measures for a series of simple sketches and studying the time evolution of architectural plans produced by Frank Lloyd Wright.
In an attempt to extend our understanding of the design process in the context of computational p... more In an attempt to extend our understanding of the design process in the context of computational parametric design tools, this paper explores the relationship between and interaction of synthesis and evaluation. In establishing the importance of their coupling in parametric design the paper then explores its consequence on the design process relative to existing models of designing. A tension between designing as planning, search and exploration in parametric design is highlighted together with a conceptual framework, which draws from a situated Function-behaviour-Structure model of design. The purpose of the framework is to facilitate these different modes of designing and is targeted at the use of parametric tools.
Most buildings constructed in Australia must comply with the Building Code of Australia (BCA). Ch... more Most buildings constructed in Australia must comply with the Building Code of Australia (BCA). Checking for compliance against the BCA is a major task for both designers and building surveyors. This project carries out a prototype research using the EDM Model Checker and the SMC Model Checker for automated design checking against the Building Codes of Australia for use in professional practice. In this project, we develop a means of encoding design requirements and domain specific knowledge for building codes and investigate the flexibility of building models to contain design information. After assessing two implementations of EDM and SMC that check compliance against deemed-to-satisfy provision of building codes relevant to access by people with disabilities, an approach to automated code checking using a shared object-oriented database is established. This project can be applied in other potential areas-including checking a building design for non-compliance of many types of design requirements. Recommendations for future development and use in other potential areas in construction industries are discussed.
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe) [Volume 2]
This paper presents the foundations of a multidisciplinary design optimisation method that addres... more This paper presents the foundations of a multidisciplinary design optimisation method that addresses the problem of competing wind flow profiles within urban microclimates. The simultaneous integration of architectural and urban design parameters and their aerodynamic constraints are investigated. Differences in the height of tall buildings, which define the urban canopy layer are accounted for. The formulation that supports the simulation of aerodynamic forces at the architectural and urban scales includes multidisciplinary parameter specification of 2D and 3D building geometry, spatial morphology, spatial topology, wind flow settings, and wind flow compliance. The MDO framework and its development are discussed relative to their generative performance-based capacity and innovative approach to multidisciplinary wind flow optimization
Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (2014), 2014
This paper examines the adoption of object-based modeling software across design and construction... more This paper examines the adoption of object-based modeling software across design and construction team members during project delivery. Drawing on insights from sociology, management theory and innovation studies the paper investigates changes surrounding technology adoption and subsequent management-based innovation. Using empirical data from a case study, analysis focuses on adoption of software, the evolution of new digital and social networks and subsequent innovations in management. The paper has three main contributions. First, it identifies related literature and examines change processes surrounding software adoption and the management innovations that are triggered. Second it explores rigidities in existing routines that challenge adoption and deployment, highlighting innovations that reconcile change conflicts. Third, it shows how the concept of management innovation in construction is valuable to an understanding IT adoption processes.
Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering, 2018
The digital era of construction has enabled new types of decision support for all phases of the b... more The digital era of construction has enabled new types of decision support for all phases of the building lifecycle. New capabilities to support the management of end-to-end service operations are emerging due to the outputs of building information modelling. Previous research has identified how the application of systems engineering activities in construction can inform the development of new methods and processes to better support a facility’s life cycle. However, gaps remain in holistic systems approaches relative to how data is structured, reused and managed through-life. The paper discusses systems engineering management activities and reviews the related literature, examining the significance of these concepts in different sectors of construction. The paper identifies gaps in collaborative and progressive modelling methodologies and identifies the main challenges that industry face in adopting a systems mindset when implementing BIM on complex projects.
Product Lifecycle Management and the Industry of the Future, 2017
A steady shift in the value added from building information modelling (BIM) to architectural, eng... more A steady shift in the value added from building information modelling (BIM) to architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) activities to those of facilities management (FM) is seeing increasing emphasis on whole-of-life thinking and associated information requirements management practices. Little is known about the process of identifying, documenting, generating and harmonizing BIM data inputs with FM data outputs in the Australian construction industry. Grounded on empirical evidence from a case study that transverses client and project team perspectives, this exploratory paper identifies missing links in the AEC and FM interface. The study describes the issues surrounding the collection and harmonization of BIM data inputs (as-built deliverables at handover) and the identification of (and connection to) FM data outputs. With the limitation of an exploratory and interpretive case study, the intention is to provide a contribution to academics and practitioners with grounded, stakeholder-related insights.
Product Lifecycle Management to Support Industry 4.0, 2018
With increasing maturity in model-based design and construction, a concomitant increase in the ne... more With increasing maturity in model-based design and construction, a concomitant increase in the need for system-based methodologies and toolsets to support systems integration, requirements management, verification and validation and configuration management is evident if model-based information is to serve the operations of complex buildings and civil infrastructure projects. There is much to learn from best practices reported in complex discrete manufacturing. In particular, closed-loop product lifecycle management (PLM), systems engineering (SE) and model-based systems engineering (MBSE) are key to systems approaches to digital complex construction delivery and the reuse of model-based information for operations and maintenance (O&M). The paper reviews related research and investigates the role of the V-model in the development process, discussing its significance to structuring a through-life approach to information management. A discussion of Erasmus' PLM aligned V-model is presented, and missing links in current BIM-enabled environments are identified relative to requirements engineering, verification and validation, and configuration management. The paper closes with a discussion of the gaps in supporting model-based tool ecologies and lack of a central structuring infrastructure, as well as the deficiencies in current process and data standards. Closing with the identification of a future research agenda.
The paper presents a performance-based design method that combines building and urban objectives ... more The paper presents a performance-based design method that combines building and urban objectives for the control of winds impacting on tall buildings at the pedestrian, podium and upper levels. The performance-based method accounts for wind flow and wind load in a form optimization technique that considers a variety of criteria defining urban microclimates, defined by high-density, multi-level building forms subject to acute variations in seasonal wind conditions. The approach is based on the theoretical foundations of ‘designing for urban resilience; and highlights the different objectives of this approach relative to existing (tall) building design standards and urban city planning guidelines.
The theory that legal and political power is divided between the legislature, the executive and t... more The theory that legal and political power is divided between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary is a familiar one enshrined in the first three chapters of the Australian Constitution. However, the boundaries of the Constitution are tested on occasion when new institutions are created. In recent years, the public sector has expanded exponentially delivering services through both public and private bodies. It requires a complex system of bureaucracy. In response, both state and federal legislatures have created integrity agencies to oversee good governance and investigate corruption in the public sector. The integrity agencies do not fit neatly into the tripartite system of government. Therefore, the emergence of a fourth arm of government, an integrity branch, is an attempt to conceptualise integrity agencies. Its existence and constituents are a matter of ongoing debate, but one which is gaining momentum.
For more than a decade research has shown that 4D Building Information Modelling (BIM) can improv... more For more than a decade research has shown that 4D Building Information Modelling (BIM) can improve construction planning, scheduling and production control as well as the onsite management of safety, workspaces and waste. The increasing use of 4D BIM in construction highlights opportunities for utilising these capabilities in new digital management systems replete with role reorganization, new practices and workflows, and not solely as a tool for constructability analysis and onsite monitoring of construction progress. Continued focus on construction-based environmental impacts provides an impetus to leverage 4D BIM to improve communication and information flow throughout environmental planning and management tasks. This paper explores how environmental planning and management can be supported by 4D capabilities. 4D modelling and analysis technologies combined with structured workflows are presented as the basis for developing a tailored framework for environmental planning and mana...
Coffee Breaks: As per daily schedule, 2nd floor lounge, Corbett Hall *Please remember to scan you... more Coffee Breaks: As per daily schedule, 2nd floor lounge, Corbett Hall *Please remember to scan your meal card at the host/hostess station in the dining room for each meal. MEETING ROOMS All lectures will be held in Max Bell 159 (Max Bell Building accessible by walkway on 2nd floor of Corbett Hall). LCD projector, overhead projectors and blackboards are available for presentations. Note that the meeting space designated for BIRS is the lower level of Max Bell, Rooms 155-159. Please respect that all other space has been contracted to other Banff Centre guests, including any Food and Beverage in those areas.
This paper proposes an approach to modelling and visualising decision processes in large complex ... more This paper proposes an approach to modelling and visualising decision processes in large complex construction projects by incorporating a network perspective. Computer modelling and visualisation of decision processes as social and task-entity networks makes possible the identification of key participants, critical tasks, latent networks, vulnerabilities and dynamics that impact upon complex decision situations. New advances in network theory can help reveal the ways in which social, organisational, political and technological relationships shape decision outcomes. By conceiving decision processes as a complex system and modelling this system using network-theoretic principles, it is possible to include a tremendous amount of information that has remained untapped by conventional qualitative, game-theoretic, and statistical approaches. This research contributes to the understanding of the strategic implications of decision processes as complex systems of interacting actors and probl...
Alongside the digital innovations in AEC (Architectural, Engineering and Construction) practice, ... more Alongside the digital innovations in AEC (Architectural, Engineering and Construction) practice, are calls for a new type of digital literacy, including a new information-based literacy informed by creativity, critical analysis and the theoretical and practical knowledge of the construction profession. This paper explores the role of design thinking and the promotion of abductive problem situations when developing digital literacies in construction education. The impacts of advanced digital modelling technologies on construction management practices and education are investigated before an examination of design thinking, the role of abductive reasoning and the rise of normative models of design thinking workflows. The paper then explores the role that design thinking can play in the development of new digital literacies in contemporary construction studies. A three-part framework for the implementation of a design thinking approach to construction is presented. The paper closes with...
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2014
This paper explores the effects of PLM and BIM on professional practice. It draws on existing lit... more This paper explores the effects of PLM and BIM on professional practice. It draws on existing literature documenting the experiences of both communities of practice to explain shifts in professional boundaries. A review of case study based literature compares the nature of changes triggered by PLM and BIM relative to the new activities, roles/responsibilities and knowledge competencies, and supply chain relationships. The paper synthesises these changes and reflects PLM and BIM experiences against each other so as to contrast the continuing evolution of professional practice and lessons learned.
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2016
The increasing use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) across the construction industry highl... more The increasing use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) across the construction industry highlights the potential for a common endpoint with manufacturing industries. Previous research work has shown that it is possible to improve BIM with the features and the best practices from Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) approach. This article provides a comparison between the PLM and BIM approaches from the standpoint of the Product Structure (PS) and the Bill of Material (BOM). It discusses the need to explicit a structuring concept in the BIM approach in order be able to switch to an information-centric management approach in construction projects instead of the current activity-based approach.
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2014
This paper describes the similarities and differences between Product Lifecycle Management and Bu... more This paper describes the similarities and differences between Product Lifecycle Management and Building Information Modelling concepts, focusing on integration issues relative to their methods, information systems, effects and criticisms. In this literature based discussion, the authors show that the two concepts share fundamental similarities but are distinct in their scope and level of integration as well as maturity of process and workflow management. The paper highlights several common problems and aims to provide guidance for deployment initiatives.
Change plays a significant role in the implementation of any building information modelling (BIM)... more Change plays a significant role in the implementation of any building information modelling (BIM) initiative. For owners transitioning from a traditional asset management (AM) and/ or facilities management (FM) approach to one supported by BIM, change management is required due to the technological and organizational transformation involved. Yet little is known about the characteristics of change and how it can be more effectively managed. Based on a case study, this paper provides an example of a change strategy employed by a university's project delivery and operations teams to support the integration of BIM and FM. It describes a 'niche project' change management strategy and its key attributes during the early stages of a tertiary education owner/operator's transition to a model-based approach to asset and facilities management, providing a single point of truth for data storage and supporting 3D visualisation, digital work order processing and mobility in the field.
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Papers by Julie Jupp