Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, Feb 9, 2022
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a serious concern in aging individuals, but has not been explored ... more Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a serious concern in aging individuals, but has not been explored for its potential to alter the shape of the inner ear by way of increased remodeling in the otic capsule. The otic capsule, or bony labyrinth, is thought to experience uniquely limited remodeling after development due to high levels of osteoprotegerin. On this basis, despite the widespread remodeling that accompanies osteoporosis, we hypothesize that both the shape and volume of the semicircular canals will resist such changes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted three‐dimensional geometric morphometric shape analysis on microcomputed tomographic data collected on the semicircular canals of an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. A Procrustes ANOVA found no statistically significant differences in shape between surgery and sham groups, and morphological disparity testing likewise found no differences in shape variation. Univariate testing found no differences in semicircular volume between OVX and control groups. The range of variation in the OVX group, however, is greater than in the sham group but this difference does not reach statistical significance, perhaps because of a combination of small effect size and low sample size. This finding suggests that labyrinthine shape remains a tool for assessing phylogeny and function in the fossil record, but that it is possible that osteoporosis may be contributing to intraspecific shape variation in the bony labyrinth. This effect warrants further exploration at a microstructural level with continued focus on variables related to remodeling.
Around 42,000 years ago, anatomically modern humans appeared in Western Europe to the detriment o... more Around 42,000 years ago, anatomically modern humans appeared in Western Europe to the detriment of indigenous Neanderthal groups. It is during this period that new techno-cultural complexes appear, such as the Châtelperronian that extends from northern Spain to the Paris Basin. The Grotte du Renne (Arcy-sur-Cure) is a key site for discussing the biological identity of its makers. This deposit has yielded several Neanderthal human remains in its Châtelperronian levels. However, the last inventory of the paleoanthropological collection attributed to this techno-complex allowed the identification of an ilium belonging to a neonate (AR-63) whose morphology required a thorough analysis to assess its taxonomic attribution. Using geometric morphometrics, we quantified its morphology and compared it to that of 2 Neanderthals and 32 recent individuals deceased during the perinatal period to explore their morphological variation. Our results indicate a morphological distinction between the il...
Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history ... more Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history and relationship to modern humans1–8, but the social organization of Neanderthal communities remains poorly understood. Here we present genetic data for 13 Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave9,10 and 2 from Okladnikov Cave11—making this one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. We used hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related, including a father–daughter pair and a pair of second-degree relatives, indicating that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to one-third of these individuals’ genomes had long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the Y-chromosome diversi...
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Mar 1, 2015
The fate of Neanderthals has been extensively investigated in western and southern Europe, but le... more The fate of Neanderthals has been extensively investigated in western and southern Europe, but less attention has been given to Neanderthals in northeast Europe. Numerous well-excavated, stratified sites in southern Poland have revealed archaeological assemblages thought to have been made by Neanderthals with Micoquian traditions. Here we present new finds and radiocarbon dates for human occupations of two such sites: Ciemna Cave, near Krakow, and Ob azowa Cave in the Western Carpathians. At both sites Micoquian traditions, and by inference Neanderthal occupations, seem to have ended by 45,000 calBP. This date suggests a temporal gap between the last Neanderthals and first modern humans in the region.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Mar 1, 2019
This year's Presidential Panel (Saturday, 1-2:30pm) focuses on scientific and public discourse in... more This year's Presidential Panel (Saturday, 1-2:30pm) focuses on scientific and public discourse involving genetics and race: a topical issue that biological anthropologists are uniquely positioned to evaluate, discuss, and contribute. It follows the AAPA-AAAG-AAA-HBA sponsored symposium, Interpreting and Communicating Genetic Variation in 2019: A Conversation on Race. The Presidential Panel is an open session that will offer guided discussion and the opportunity to exchange ideas on the important issues raised in the symposium. Everyone is encouraged to attend and participate. Saturday brings our meetings to a close, with the Student Awards Ceremony and Closing Reception from 6:00-9:00 pm. Please join us to learn who won the 2019 Student Presentation Awards! Finally, as we approach the meetings, we will be publicizing additional information regarding special events. These will be listed in the final meetings program. My sincere thanks to everyone who helped assemble the 2019 program. Thanks are due to our extraordinary business partners, Lori Strong and her team (from Burk & Associates), as well as Ed Hagen (our webmaster, app developer, and member of the Cleveland Advance Team). We are immensely grateful to the 50 remarkable and dedicated members of our Program Committee, who conducted and completed reviews thoughtfully, thoroughly, and expeditiously. We also thank the Cleveland Advance Team. The team includes our colleagues and representatives from Burk who came together in Cleveland in January to arrange the scientific program and to finalize hotel details. The program assistant, Kathleen McGuire, has been a tremendous help, as have the Officers and other members of the Executive Committee. Special thanks to Leslie Aiello for stepping in on numerous occasions to help with details and evaluate workshop proposals. Finally, we extend our most sincere thanks to the Local Arrangements Committee, Dr. Denise Su and Yohannes Haile-Selassie. These meetings would not have been possible without all these exemplary individuals, so please join me in thanking them when you see them in Cleveland!
Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, 2019
ОПЫТ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОЙ ПОЛЕВОЙ ШКОЛЫ ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ПАМЯТНИКОВ КАМЕННОГО ВЕКА * * Исследо... more ОПЫТ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОЙ ПОЛЕВОЙ ШКОЛЫ ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ПАМЯТНИКОВ КАМЕННОГО ВЕКА * * Исследовательские работы выполнялись в рамках проекта НИР №0329-2018-0002 «Древнейшие культурные процессы на территории Центральной Азии».
1 Institute for Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria; 2 National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis... more 1 Institute for Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria; 2 National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3 Department of Anthropology, Washington University, USA 4 Dept. of Anthropology, Florida State University, USA 5 Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria 6 Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Paläoanthropologie, Sektion Tertiäre Säugetiere, Frankfurt/Main, Germany 7 Insittute of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Austria. 8 Insittute of Petrology, University of Vienna, Austria. 9 Department of Geology, Paleontology & Mineralogy, Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt, Germany 10 Department of Geology, Mekkele University, Ethiopia.
Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, Feb 9, 2022
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a serious concern in aging individuals, but has not been explored ... more Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a serious concern in aging individuals, but has not been explored for its potential to alter the shape of the inner ear by way of increased remodeling in the otic capsule. The otic capsule, or bony labyrinth, is thought to experience uniquely limited remodeling after development due to high levels of osteoprotegerin. On this basis, despite the widespread remodeling that accompanies osteoporosis, we hypothesize that both the shape and volume of the semicircular canals will resist such changes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted three‐dimensional geometric morphometric shape analysis on microcomputed tomographic data collected on the semicircular canals of an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. A Procrustes ANOVA found no statistically significant differences in shape between surgery and sham groups, and morphological disparity testing likewise found no differences in shape variation. Univariate testing found no differences in semicircular volume between OVX and control groups. The range of variation in the OVX group, however, is greater than in the sham group but this difference does not reach statistical significance, perhaps because of a combination of small effect size and low sample size. This finding suggests that labyrinthine shape remains a tool for assessing phylogeny and function in the fossil record, but that it is possible that osteoporosis may be contributing to intraspecific shape variation in the bony labyrinth. This effect warrants further exploration at a microstructural level with continued focus on variables related to remodeling.
Around 42,000 years ago, anatomically modern humans appeared in Western Europe to the detriment o... more Around 42,000 years ago, anatomically modern humans appeared in Western Europe to the detriment of indigenous Neanderthal groups. It is during this period that new techno-cultural complexes appear, such as the Châtelperronian that extends from northern Spain to the Paris Basin. The Grotte du Renne (Arcy-sur-Cure) is a key site for discussing the biological identity of its makers. This deposit has yielded several Neanderthal human remains in its Châtelperronian levels. However, the last inventory of the paleoanthropological collection attributed to this techno-complex allowed the identification of an ilium belonging to a neonate (AR-63) whose morphology required a thorough analysis to assess its taxonomic attribution. Using geometric morphometrics, we quantified its morphology and compared it to that of 2 Neanderthals and 32 recent individuals deceased during the perinatal period to explore their morphological variation. Our results indicate a morphological distinction between the il...
Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history ... more Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history and relationship to modern humans1–8, but the social organization of Neanderthal communities remains poorly understood. Here we present genetic data for 13 Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave9,10 and 2 from Okladnikov Cave11—making this one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. We used hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related, including a father–daughter pair and a pair of second-degree relatives, indicating that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to one-third of these individuals’ genomes had long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the Y-chromosome diversi...
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Mar 1, 2015
The fate of Neanderthals has been extensively investigated in western and southern Europe, but le... more The fate of Neanderthals has been extensively investigated in western and southern Europe, but less attention has been given to Neanderthals in northeast Europe. Numerous well-excavated, stratified sites in southern Poland have revealed archaeological assemblages thought to have been made by Neanderthals with Micoquian traditions. Here we present new finds and radiocarbon dates for human occupations of two such sites: Ciemna Cave, near Krakow, and Ob azowa Cave in the Western Carpathians. At both sites Micoquian traditions, and by inference Neanderthal occupations, seem to have ended by 45,000 calBP. This date suggests a temporal gap between the last Neanderthals and first modern humans in the region.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Mar 1, 2019
This year's Presidential Panel (Saturday, 1-2:30pm) focuses on scientific and public discourse in... more This year's Presidential Panel (Saturday, 1-2:30pm) focuses on scientific and public discourse involving genetics and race: a topical issue that biological anthropologists are uniquely positioned to evaluate, discuss, and contribute. It follows the AAPA-AAAG-AAA-HBA sponsored symposium, Interpreting and Communicating Genetic Variation in 2019: A Conversation on Race. The Presidential Panel is an open session that will offer guided discussion and the opportunity to exchange ideas on the important issues raised in the symposium. Everyone is encouraged to attend and participate. Saturday brings our meetings to a close, with the Student Awards Ceremony and Closing Reception from 6:00-9:00 pm. Please join us to learn who won the 2019 Student Presentation Awards! Finally, as we approach the meetings, we will be publicizing additional information regarding special events. These will be listed in the final meetings program. My sincere thanks to everyone who helped assemble the 2019 program. Thanks are due to our extraordinary business partners, Lori Strong and her team (from Burk & Associates), as well as Ed Hagen (our webmaster, app developer, and member of the Cleveland Advance Team). We are immensely grateful to the 50 remarkable and dedicated members of our Program Committee, who conducted and completed reviews thoughtfully, thoroughly, and expeditiously. We also thank the Cleveland Advance Team. The team includes our colleagues and representatives from Burk who came together in Cleveland in January to arrange the scientific program and to finalize hotel details. The program assistant, Kathleen McGuire, has been a tremendous help, as have the Officers and other members of the Executive Committee. Special thanks to Leslie Aiello for stepping in on numerous occasions to help with details and evaluate workshop proposals. Finally, we extend our most sincere thanks to the Local Arrangements Committee, Dr. Denise Su and Yohannes Haile-Selassie. These meetings would not have been possible without all these exemplary individuals, so please join me in thanking them when you see them in Cleveland!
Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, 2019
ОПЫТ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОЙ ПОЛЕВОЙ ШКОЛЫ ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ПАМЯТНИКОВ КАМЕННОГО ВЕКА * * Исследо... more ОПЫТ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОЙ ПОЛЕВОЙ ШКОЛЫ ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ПАМЯТНИКОВ КАМЕННОГО ВЕКА * * Исследовательские работы выполнялись в рамках проекта НИР №0329-2018-0002 «Древнейшие культурные процессы на территории Центральной Азии».
1 Institute for Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria; 2 National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis... more 1 Institute for Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria; 2 National Museum of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3 Department of Anthropology, Washington University, USA 4 Dept. of Anthropology, Florida State University, USA 5 Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria 6 Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Paläoanthropologie, Sektion Tertiäre Säugetiere, Frankfurt/Main, Germany 7 Insittute of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Austria. 8 Insittute of Petrology, University of Vienna, Austria. 9 Department of Geology, Paleontology & Mineralogy, Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt, Germany 10 Department of Geology, Mekkele University, Ethiopia.
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