Cortes

El dia martes cinco de febrero del año dos mi diecinueve, me presente al Juzgado de Letras Seccional de Trabajo a apresenciar la continuación de la audiencia primera de tramite de fecha veintinueve de enero del dos mi diecienueve; la cual tenia como objeto la contestación a la EXCEPCIO PERENTORIA DE PRESCRIPCION, propuesta por el abogado demandado.

Al profesional universitario, las capacidades técnicas y cuantitativas son sumamente necesarias durante los primeros años de carrera. Pero posteriormente las habilidades de liderazgo y de comunicación son claves para ascender. • Los salarios y prestaciones no son la razón principal en cuanto al gusto o permanencia de un empleado en una empresa. Tienen mayor importancia la calidad del trabajo y el apoyo del ambiente laboral. • En el ambiente de trabajo actual, c/vez más competitivo y demandante, los administradores necesitan tener buenas capacidades para tratar con las personas.

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is an impending epidemic. This article is an overview of different interventions conducted in school settings so as to guide efforts for an effective management of obesity in children, thus minimizing the risk of adult obesity and related cardiovascular risk.

Objective: Increased levels of glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter, are found in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Our aim was to study glutamate signaling in chondrocytes, focusing on the composition, pharmacology, and functional role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors.

Neboglamine is a functional modulator of the glycine site on the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Dysfunction of this receptor has been associated with negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that neboglamine behaves as a potential antipsychotic. We compared the effects of neboglamine, d-serine, clozapine, and haloperidol on the expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI), a marker of neuronal activation, in rat forebrain. We also studied the effects of these agents on phencyclidine (PCP)-induced behaviour in rats, a model predictive of potential antipsychotic activity. Neboglamine, like haloperidol and clozapine, significantly increased the number of FLI-positive cells in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and lateral septal nucleus (3.2-, 4.8-, and 4.5-fold over control, respectively). Haloperidol dramatically increased FLI (390-fold over control) in the dorsolateral striatum, a brain region in which neboglamine and clozapine had no effect. The pattern of FLI induced by neboglamine closely matched that of d-serine, an endogenous agonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors. Consistent with this finding, neboglamine restored NMDA-mediated neurotransmitter release in frontal cortex punches exposed to the NMDA antagonist PCP. In the behavioural model, all test compounds significantly inhibited PCP-induced hyperlocomotion. Unlike haloperidol and clozapine, neither neboglamine nor d-serine affected the basal levels of locomotor activity. Moreover, oral neboglamine dose-dependently inhibited both the hyperlocomotion and the frequency of rearing behaviour induced by PCP. These results, while confirming that the NMDA glycine site is a feasible target for activating the frontostriatal system, support the clinical evaluation of neboglamine as a treatment for schizophrenia.

The effects of (S)-4-amino-5- [(4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl)amino]-5-oxo-pen~noic acid ((S)CR 2249), a new chemical entity selected among a series of glutamic acid derivatives, were investigated on Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-evoked release of [3H]noradrenaline from rat hippocampal slices. (S)CR 2249 facilitated glycine-mediated reversion of kynurenate antagonism at strychnine-insensitive glycine receptors coupled to the NIviDA receptor. The potency of glycine (EC50 = 21.5 PM + 4.2) was not significantly influenced by (S)CR 2249. Nevertheless, the efficacy of the glycine effect was enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner (3-10-30 pm) by (S)CR 2249. The interaction of (S)CR 2249 with NMDA receptors was also studied with binding experiments, in which we examined the effect of (S)CR 2249 on the modulation by glutamate, glycine and spermine of [3H]dizocilpine (MK-801) binding. (S)CR 2249, increased [3H]MK-801 binding in a concentration-dependent manner and we found positive cooperative interactions between glycine and (S)CR 2249, indicating that (S)CR 2249 probably acts at a separate allosteric site to increase NMDA receptor functionality. 0 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Microdialysis in intact and denervated striatum of unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats was used to investigate whether CR 3394, N-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantyl)ethyl]acetamidine, an adamantane derivative with preferential selectivity for the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor, has dopamine releasing properties in vivo. We also investigated whether this NMDA antagonist can potentiate the effects of L-Dopa on extracellular dopamine in these animals. After systemic injection, there was no significant effect of CR 3394 on extracellular dopamine, at all doses studied (1, 5 and 20 mg/kg i.p.), in either intact or in denervated striatum. On the other hand, striatal perfusion with 100 µM of the compound elicited release of dopamine in intact, but not in denervated striatum. In denervated striatum of the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, CR 3394 (5 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the dopamine release induced by L-Dopa administration (25 mg/kg i.p.) in combination with benserazide (10 mg/kg i.p.). In particular, the onset of action of L-Dopa was potentiated. However, when combined with a subthreshold dose of L-Dopa (5 mg/kg), the effects of CR 3394 were lost. We conclude that CR 3394, like other NR2B receptor antagonists, has dopamine releasing properties in vivo. It enhances the effects of suprathreshold doses of L-Dopa in the denervated striatum, but not of low doses of L-Dopa. Therefore, future studies are necessary to establish the potential of selective NR2B receptor antagonists as L-Dopa-sparing agents.

This paper describes the electrochemical characterization of DSA®-type electrodes using niobium substrate, and the results were compared with traditional DSA®-type oxide electrodes, i.e., using titanium substrate. The surface morphology, electrocatalytic activity, and stability of the coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and lifetime tests. EIS measurements were recorded at a constant potential between 0.2 and 1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl, in the frequency range of 5 mHz to 100 kHz, using the “single sine” method and a sine wave amplitude of 5 mV (p/p). After testing a number of different equivalent circuits, we found that the whole set of data in the double layer domain of the electrodes can be fitted by assuming the circuits R s(CPEf R f)(C dl R ct), R s(CPEf R f)(CPEdl R ct), and R sCPEf G(CPEdl R ct). The results suggest the formation of a less conducting film on the Nb substrate when compared to Ti substrate. The findings of this work, such as difficult adherence of coating on niobium, reduction of voltammetric charge, and short lifetime of electrodes prepared on Nb substrate, suggest that the substitution of titanium by niobium is unfeasible.

This paper reports on an evaluation of the viability of electrochemical technology as a clean alternative for the manufacture of chemicals and raw materials for the chemical industry. In the present work, a (TiO2/RuO2)/PTFE gas diffusion electrode (GDE) was designed for use in the electrochemical conversion of ethylene into ethylene glycol under conditions of simultaneous oxygen evolution. The GDE was produced by pressing and sintering TiO2(0,7)/RuO2(0,3) powder and PTFE and used in the electrosynthesis of ethylene glycol. In the experiments, ethylene was inserted in the reaction medium by the GDE and electrosynthesis was carried out in 0.1 mol L−1 Na2SO4 supporting electrolyte. A solution of 330 mg L−1 of ethylene glycol was obtained in 20 min with the application of 0.7 mA cm−2. During the experiments, the current efficiency was 70% and energy consumption was −1 of ethylene glycol. Mass spectrometry data also indicated the formation of ethanol in average concentrations of 5% of the ethylene glycol concentration.

This paper reports a study of electrochemical degradation of the chloramphenicol antibiotic in aqueous medium using a flow-by reactor with DSA® anode. The process efficiency was monitored by chloramphenicol concentration analysis with liquid chromatography (HPLC) during the experiments. Analysis of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was performed to estimate the degradation degree and Ion Chromatography (IC) was performed to determinate inorganic ions formed during the eletrochemical degradation process. In electrochemical flow-by reactor, 52% of chloramphenicol was degraded, with 12% TOC reduction. IC analysis showed the production of chloride ions (25 mg L-1), nitrate ions (6 mg L-1) and nitrite ions (4.5 mg L-1).

The study of the electrochemical degradation of the ranitidine was developed using an electrochemical reactor with a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) as cathode. The electrolysis experiments was performed at constant current (1 < A < 10) and flow rate of 200 L h-1. The process of drug degradation, chemical/electrochemical and electro-Fenton ways, using electrochemical reactor showed best efficiency at current values of > 4 A. The process reached a production of 630 mg L-1 of the H2O2 at 7 A. The ranitidine concentrations was reduced in 99.9% (HPLC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced in 86.7% by electro-Fenton.

The investigation reported in this paper aims the recycling of greenhouse gases and their conversion into fuels or useful chemicals. In the present work, a (TiO2/RuO2)/PTFE gas diffusion electrode (GDE) was designed and characterized to be used in the electrochemical conversion of methane into methanol in conditions of simultaneous oxygen evolution. The GDE was obtained by pressing and sintering TiO2(0.7)/RuO2(0.3) powder and PTFE and used for the electrosynthesis of methanol from methane. In the experiments, methane was inserted into the reaction medium by the GDE and electrosynthesis was carried out in 0.1 mol L−1 Na2SO4 supporting electrolyte. Controlled potential experiments showed that methanol concentration increased with applied potential, reaching 220 mg L−1 cm2, at 2.2 V vs. a calomel reference electrode and current efficiency for methanol formation was 30%. Mass spectrometry data also indicated the formation of formaldehyde and formic acid, the latter at a similar rate as that of methanol.

This paper reports a comparative study of the electrochemical performance of in situ hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration on gas diffusion electrodes modified by organic redox catalysts 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-terc-butylanthraquinone and azobenzene in medium of 0.1 mol L-1 H2SO4 plus 0.1 mol L-1 K2SO4, pH = 1. Hydrogen peroxide generation proved strongly dependent on the applied potential and on the concentration of added catalysts. Electrode modifications led to a significant increase in H2O2 yield (30%) reaching 850 mg L-1, and the overpotential for oxygen reduction shifted to less negative values (400 mV vs Ag/AgCl for electrodes modified by quinones and 300 mV vs Ag/AgCl for electrodes modified by azobenzene) compared to noncatalyzed gas diffusion electrodes, resulting in reduced energy consumption of 596.5 to 232.4 kWh kg-1. The results indicated that the best electrode for H2O2 electrogeneration is the gas diffusion electrode modified with 10% of 2-ethylanthraquinone, offering the best cost to benefit ratio.

This paper describes a degradation study of the anti-inflammatory sodium diclofenac in aqueous medium using an electro-chemical flow reactor with a gas diffusion electrode as cathode. Two degradation processes were compared: by H2O2 electro-generated and H2O2 electro-generated/Fe(II). Concentration of sodium diclofenac was determined during the experiments by HPLC. The changes in chemical oxigen demand (COD) were also evaluated. Under the specific reaction conditions, 350 mg L-1 of H2O2 was electro-generated and 99.2% of sodium diclofenac was degradated, with 27.4% COD reduction. At the same conditions, but using Fe(II), drug degradation was 99.4% and the COD reduction was 63.2%.