One of the unforeseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This vol... more One of the unforeseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This volume explores aspects of risk with special reference to the WTO, where national instruments to reduce risk may conflict with international trade rules. The book is divided into sections dealing with: accounting for risk in trade agreements; risk and the WTO; managing risk in policy making; negotiating experience with risk; national risks and quarantine standards; and managing biotechnology.
The theory that BSE causes nvCJD is weakened by contrary facts, such as known cases of nvCJD amon... more The theory that BSE causes nvCJD is weakened by contrary facts, such as known cases of nvCJD among vegetarians.
The WTO has laid the foundations for a new era of trade relations, and increased trade liberaliza... more The WTO has laid the foundations for a new era of trade relations, and increased trade liberalization has improved global efficiency in production and consumption. The strengthening of trade rules, however, has increased the scope for disputes over interpretations of more extensive and complicated agreements, and has spilt over into environmental and scientific matters. One of the unforseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This study explores aspects of risk with special reference to the WTO, where national instruments to reduce risk may conflict with international trade rules.
International Political Science Review, Apr 1, 2002
The increasing importance of globalization has made representation in international arenas more i... more The increasing importance of globalization has made representation in international arenas more important. Yet key factors affecting associability of business and public interest groups at that level are markedly different from those which apply at the level of the nation-state. This article will argue that the “privileged position of business” does not obtain at the transnational level, and that business frequently prefers the national route. ngos, on the other hand, enjoy greater influence international than they do at the national level, essentially because of the ways in which they can assist international organizations to overcome their governance deficits. Examining sectors such as chemicals and biotechnology, this article explores the factors affecting associability at the international level and suggests some consequences which follow from these observations for the development of policy in international arenas.
ABSTRACT This paper presents four case studies of policy‐making in New Zealand in an attempt, fir... more ABSTRACT This paper presents four case studies of policy‐making in New Zealand in an attempt, firstly, to examine the relative roles of bureaucratic and political policy actors and, secondly, to suggest some factors which might account for the variation found in both these and other observed cases. This is done on the basis of distinguishing between types of policy (as suggested by Theodore J. Lowi) according to their likelihood to engender conflict The findings are discussed in relation to the workings of other Westminster political systems (Britain, Canada, Australia). The conclusion is drawn that while politicians are sometimes involved in policy‐making to only a minimal extent, they should still be held responsible for what emerges from that process.
International Environmental Agreements-politics Law and Economics, Apr 28, 2012
Global governance occurs through a large number of issue-area regimes that constitute multiple ar... more Global governance occurs through a large number of issue-area regimes that constitute multiple arenas of governance at multiple levels. This paper draws upon established literature from public administration to show that such fragmentation is unavoidable, because it occurs even in governance at the national level. Moreover, while such fragmentation undoubtedly carries with it problems, it also brings advantages, such as redundancy which makes it less likely that blame avoidance will result in issues being overlooked. The existence of multiple arenas also makes possible the phenomenon of ‘forum shopping’, which allows entrepreneurial actors to advance (or block) the development of international agreements. Using primarily examples from environmental governance, but with some comparative examples from other issue areas, this paper reflects upon both the threats and opportunities this reality presents, suggesting that the prevailing fragmentation of governance at once presents not just an obstacle to global governance, but opportunities for improving global governance—opportunities that would not occur if a single regime enjoyed a monopoly on governing capacity.
The political strategy of forum shopping is an under-researched but highly relevant concept for u... more The political strategy of forum shopping is an under-researched but highly relevant concept for understanding the dynamics of global governance. Forum shopping involves actors seeking to realise their policy objectives within preferred policy arenas on the basis of an arena's particular governing characteristics. We examine the forum shopping behaviour of the key states, business and non-governmental groups in regard to three policy issues: labour standards, intellectual property rights, and chemicals regulation. Our preliminary analysis is centred around the questions of why actors forum shop, the circumstances in which forum shopping enables actors to succeed in promoting their interests, and the impact of forum shopping on the effectiveness of global governance. Our cases suggest an arena's membership, issue mandate, decision making procedures and enforcement capacity are the key characteristics that shape actors' arena preferences. Another important implication is that a multi-arena global governance system comprised of duplication and overlap in issue mandate (rather than large multilateral single issue arenas) may be beneficial for advancing actors' policy agendas. The overarching goal of the article is to spark more systematic research into the often practiced but under-theorised phenomenon of forum shopping. • Global governance is achieved through action in multiple arenas, which provide different opportunities for political action. An arena's membership, issue mandate, decision making procedures and enforcement capacity should be taken into account by policymakers in assessing appropriate arenas for advancing their goals. • Entrepreneurial actors take advantage of 'strategic inconsistencies' in the characteristics of international policy arenas in order to progress or block the development of proposals through incremental decisions. • Policymakers must be alert to the likely use of forum shopping by other actors, including business actors and NGOs, which may advance or stymie the development of policy agendas in one arena via action in alternative arenas.
A Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for the Wall Street Journal, Amy Dockser Marcus argues that the... more A Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for the Wall Street Journal, Amy Dockser Marcus argues that the Arab-Israeli conflict actually began in July 1913. Zionist settlement guards charged Palestinian Arabs from a nearby village with stealing grapes. Subsequent brawls led to the death of an Arab peasant and to an apparent retaliatory shooting that killed one of the settlement guards. From this, suggests Marcus, arose an implacable divide where Palestinian Jews and Arabs were forced to choose sides, abandoning any hope of mutual tolerance that had been the norm for most of Ottoman rule. She sees this situation, and the inability of both sides to discuss matters and compromise, as the basis of today's hostilities. Marcus develops her story through a focus on personalities: Albert Antebi, a Damascene Jew and Ottoman citizen; Arthur Ruppin, a high-ranking Zionist official responsible for Zionist land purchases; and Ruhi al-Khalidi, a Palestinian notable who served as an elected member of the Ottoman parliament in Istanbul. The author mourns the disappearance of Ottoman civility epitomized in the personalities of Antebi and al-Khalidi, persons who sought compromise and dialogue. She contrasts them with Ruppin, who strove to establish a Jewish majority in Palestine and to deny Palestinian peasants the right to work land
Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 1998
ABSTRACT Electricity market reform in New South Wales and Victoria has taken different paths. In ... more ABSTRACT Electricity market reform in New South Wales and Victoria has taken different paths. In NSW, explicit attempts have been made to stimulate the development of an energy services market, whereas Victoria has placed greater faith in the ability of the deregulated market to deliver energy efficiency. As this paper notes, energy service companies originated in France, yet France (with its heavy nuclear investment) is not known for its commitment to energy conservation. This article explores and explains this apparent contradiction, and draws lessons from the French experience about the institutional factors conducive to the establishment of a viable energy services sector capable of delivering improved energy efficiency in Australia. On the basis of French experience, it suggests that the key for the development of the sector in Australia may well lie in the provision of services additional to energy, and that building owners and managers might be just as important players in an energy efficiency market as engineering companies.
See Nature's climate blog at 37g2pk. Readers are welcome to add their comments. Answers to 'What ... more See Nature's climate blog at 37g2pk. Readers are welcome to add their comments. Answers to 'What every president should know' 1 d; 2 a; 3 d; 4 b; 5 d; 6 a; 7 d; 8 a; 9 b; 10 a; 11 c; 12 d; 13 b; 14 b; 15 a; 16 d; 17 d 346
Australian Journal of Political Science, Jan 2, 2016
ABSTRACT The political ramifications of the failed Resources Super Profit Tax have been widely do... more ABSTRACT The political ramifications of the failed Resources Super Profit Tax have been widely documented, yet the causes of this political failure are more contested. Many accounts highlight the discursive power of business and the effectiveness of their campaign against the mining tax. Effective business activism certainly played its part, but this article argues that strategic failings on the part of government also influenced the outcome. This article highlights how the Labor government's failure to consult, to understand the political implications of federalism and above all its impact on the industry in the hope that future policymakers will learn from the mistakes of the mining tax debacle.
Australian Journal of International Affairs, Jun 1, 2006
... Aynsley Kellow pages 287-303. ... The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow... more ... Aynsley Kellow pages 287-303. ... The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming , Princeton: Princeton University Press. View all references; Boehmer-Christiansen and Kellow 20024. Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja and Aynsley, Kellow. 2002. ...
One of the unforeseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This vol... more One of the unforeseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This volume explores aspects of risk with special reference to the WTO, where national instruments to reduce risk may conflict with international trade rules. The book is divided into sections dealing with: accounting for risk in trade agreements; risk and the WTO; managing risk in policy making; negotiating experience with risk; national risks and quarantine standards; and managing biotechnology.
The theory that BSE causes nvCJD is weakened by contrary facts, such as known cases of nvCJD amon... more The theory that BSE causes nvCJD is weakened by contrary facts, such as known cases of nvCJD among vegetarians.
The WTO has laid the foundations for a new era of trade relations, and increased trade liberaliza... more The WTO has laid the foundations for a new era of trade relations, and increased trade liberalization has improved global efficiency in production and consumption. The strengthening of trade rules, however, has increased the scope for disputes over interpretations of more extensive and complicated agreements, and has spilt over into environmental and scientific matters. One of the unforseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This study explores aspects of risk with special reference to the WTO, where national instruments to reduce risk may conflict with international trade rules.
International Political Science Review, Apr 1, 2002
The increasing importance of globalization has made representation in international arenas more i... more The increasing importance of globalization has made representation in international arenas more important. Yet key factors affecting associability of business and public interest groups at that level are markedly different from those which apply at the level of the nation-state. This article will argue that the “privileged position of business” does not obtain at the transnational level, and that business frequently prefers the national route. ngos, on the other hand, enjoy greater influence international than they do at the national level, essentially because of the ways in which they can assist international organizations to overcome their governance deficits. Examining sectors such as chemicals and biotechnology, this article explores the factors affecting associability at the international level and suggests some consequences which follow from these observations for the development of policy in international arenas.
ABSTRACT This paper presents four case studies of policy‐making in New Zealand in an attempt, fir... more ABSTRACT This paper presents four case studies of policy‐making in New Zealand in an attempt, firstly, to examine the relative roles of bureaucratic and political policy actors and, secondly, to suggest some factors which might account for the variation found in both these and other observed cases. This is done on the basis of distinguishing between types of policy (as suggested by Theodore J. Lowi) according to their likelihood to engender conflict The findings are discussed in relation to the workings of other Westminster political systems (Britain, Canada, Australia). The conclusion is drawn that while politicians are sometimes involved in policy‐making to only a minimal extent, they should still be held responsible for what emerges from that process.
International Environmental Agreements-politics Law and Economics, Apr 28, 2012
Global governance occurs through a large number of issue-area regimes that constitute multiple ar... more Global governance occurs through a large number of issue-area regimes that constitute multiple arenas of governance at multiple levels. This paper draws upon established literature from public administration to show that such fragmentation is unavoidable, because it occurs even in governance at the national level. Moreover, while such fragmentation undoubtedly carries with it problems, it also brings advantages, such as redundancy which makes it less likely that blame avoidance will result in issues being overlooked. The existence of multiple arenas also makes possible the phenomenon of ‘forum shopping’, which allows entrepreneurial actors to advance (or block) the development of international agreements. Using primarily examples from environmental governance, but with some comparative examples from other issue areas, this paper reflects upon both the threats and opportunities this reality presents, suggesting that the prevailing fragmentation of governance at once presents not just an obstacle to global governance, but opportunities for improving global governance—opportunities that would not occur if a single regime enjoyed a monopoly on governing capacity.
The political strategy of forum shopping is an under-researched but highly relevant concept for u... more The political strategy of forum shopping is an under-researched but highly relevant concept for understanding the dynamics of global governance. Forum shopping involves actors seeking to realise their policy objectives within preferred policy arenas on the basis of an arena's particular governing characteristics. We examine the forum shopping behaviour of the key states, business and non-governmental groups in regard to three policy issues: labour standards, intellectual property rights, and chemicals regulation. Our preliminary analysis is centred around the questions of why actors forum shop, the circumstances in which forum shopping enables actors to succeed in promoting their interests, and the impact of forum shopping on the effectiveness of global governance. Our cases suggest an arena's membership, issue mandate, decision making procedures and enforcement capacity are the key characteristics that shape actors' arena preferences. Another important implication is that a multi-arena global governance system comprised of duplication and overlap in issue mandate (rather than large multilateral single issue arenas) may be beneficial for advancing actors' policy agendas. The overarching goal of the article is to spark more systematic research into the often practiced but under-theorised phenomenon of forum shopping. • Global governance is achieved through action in multiple arenas, which provide different opportunities for political action. An arena's membership, issue mandate, decision making procedures and enforcement capacity should be taken into account by policymakers in assessing appropriate arenas for advancing their goals. • Entrepreneurial actors take advantage of 'strategic inconsistencies' in the characteristics of international policy arenas in order to progress or block the development of proposals through incremental decisions. • Policymakers must be alert to the likely use of forum shopping by other actors, including business actors and NGOs, which may advance or stymie the development of policy agendas in one arena via action in alternative arenas.
A Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for the Wall Street Journal, Amy Dockser Marcus argues that the... more A Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for the Wall Street Journal, Amy Dockser Marcus argues that the Arab-Israeli conflict actually began in July 1913. Zionist settlement guards charged Palestinian Arabs from a nearby village with stealing grapes. Subsequent brawls led to the death of an Arab peasant and to an apparent retaliatory shooting that killed one of the settlement guards. From this, suggests Marcus, arose an implacable divide where Palestinian Jews and Arabs were forced to choose sides, abandoning any hope of mutual tolerance that had been the norm for most of Ottoman rule. She sees this situation, and the inability of both sides to discuss matters and compromise, as the basis of today's hostilities. Marcus develops her story through a focus on personalities: Albert Antebi, a Damascene Jew and Ottoman citizen; Arthur Ruppin, a high-ranking Zionist official responsible for Zionist land purchases; and Ruhi al-Khalidi, a Palestinian notable who served as an elected member of the Ottoman parliament in Istanbul. The author mourns the disappearance of Ottoman civility epitomized in the personalities of Antebi and al-Khalidi, persons who sought compromise and dialogue. She contrasts them with Ruppin, who strove to establish a Jewish majority in Palestine and to deny Palestinian peasants the right to work land
Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 1998
ABSTRACT Electricity market reform in New South Wales and Victoria has taken different paths. In ... more ABSTRACT Electricity market reform in New South Wales and Victoria has taken different paths. In NSW, explicit attempts have been made to stimulate the development of an energy services market, whereas Victoria has placed greater faith in the ability of the deregulated market to deliver energy efficiency. As this paper notes, energy service companies originated in France, yet France (with its heavy nuclear investment) is not known for its commitment to energy conservation. This article explores and explains this apparent contradiction, and draws lessons from the French experience about the institutional factors conducive to the establishment of a viable energy services sector capable of delivering improved energy efficiency in Australia. On the basis of French experience, it suggests that the key for the development of the sector in Australia may well lie in the provision of services additional to energy, and that building owners and managers might be just as important players in an energy efficiency market as engineering companies.
See Nature's climate blog at 37g2pk. Readers are welcome to add their comments. Answers to 'What ... more See Nature's climate blog at 37g2pk. Readers are welcome to add their comments. Answers to 'What every president should know' 1 d; 2 a; 3 d; 4 b; 5 d; 6 a; 7 d; 8 a; 9 b; 10 a; 11 c; 12 d; 13 b; 14 b; 15 a; 16 d; 17 d 346
Australian Journal of Political Science, Jan 2, 2016
ABSTRACT The political ramifications of the failed Resources Super Profit Tax have been widely do... more ABSTRACT The political ramifications of the failed Resources Super Profit Tax have been widely documented, yet the causes of this political failure are more contested. Many accounts highlight the discursive power of business and the effectiveness of their campaign against the mining tax. Effective business activism certainly played its part, but this article argues that strategic failings on the part of government also influenced the outcome. This article highlights how the Labor government's failure to consult, to understand the political implications of federalism and above all its impact on the industry in the hope that future policymakers will learn from the mistakes of the mining tax debacle.
Australian Journal of International Affairs, Jun 1, 2006
... Aynsley Kellow pages 287-303. ... The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow... more ... Aynsley Kellow pages 287-303. ... The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming , Princeton: Princeton University Press. View all references; Boehmer-Christiansen and Kellow 20024. Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja and Aynsley, Kellow. 2002. ...
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